脐带间充质干细胞在遗传性痉挛性截瘫中的应用

目的观察脐带间充质干细胞（UC-MSC）治疗遗传性痉挛性截瘫（HSP）的临床疗效及安全性。方法2010年9月及2011年4月,分别给予一HSP家系父子2人行UC-MSC鞘内注射治疗,两个疗程,每次1×106 cells/Kg,每周1次,4次为1个疗程。采用改良的Ashworth肌张力分级标准（MAS）、国际合作共济失调评分量表（ICARS）及日常生活量表（ADL）,对患者治疗前后神经功能、日常生活能力进行评定。结果第一疗程结束1个月与治疗前比较,2人MAS分级、ICARS及ADL评分均降低,两人行走站立稳定性及言语流利程度较治疗前改善;第二疗程结束后1个月与该疗程治疗前比较,2人ICARS及ADL评分降低,儿子肌张力进一步降低,父亲双上肢共济失调减轻。2人治疗后均未见明显不良反应发生。末次治疗结束后随访20个月,父、子俩分别于第二疗程治疗结束7个月及8个月后,症状继续加重。结论 UC-MSC鞘内注射治疗是安全的,可在一定时间内一定程度上减轻患者临床症状,提高患者生活质量,延缓疾病进展,但疗效不能持久。     

SOX17 is expressed in regenerating oligodendrocytes in experimental models of demyelination and in multiple sclerosis

We have previously demonstrated that Sox17 expression is prominent at developmental stages corresponding to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) cycle exit and onset of differentiation, and that Sox17 promotes initiation of OPC differentiation. In this study, we examined Sox17 expression and regulation under pathological conditions, particularly in two animal models of demyelination/remyelination and in post‐mortem multiple sclerosis (MS) brain lesions. We found that the number of Sox17 expressing cells was significantly increased in lysolecithin (LPC)‐induced lesions of the mouse spinal cord between 7 and 30 days post‐injection, as compared with controls. Sox17 immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in Olig2⁺ and CC1⁺ oligodendrocytes and rarely in NG2⁺ OPCs. The highest density of Sox17⁺ oligodendrocytes was observed at 2 weeks after LPC injection, coinciding with OPC differentiation. Consistent with these findings, in cuprizone‐treated mice, Sox17 expression was highest in newly generated and in maturing CC1⁺ oligodendrocytes, but low in NG2⁺ OPCs during the demyelination and remyelination phases. In MS tissue, Sox17 was primarily detected in actively demyelinating lesions and periplaque white matter. Sox17 immunoreactivity was co‐localized with NOGO‐A+ post‐mitotic oligodendrocytes both in active MS lesions and periplaque white matter. Taken together, our data: (i) demonstrate that Sox17 expression is highest in newly generated oligodendrocytes under pathological conditions and could be used as a marker of oligodendrocyte regeneration, and (ii) are suggestive of Sox17 playing a critical role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and lesion repair. GLIA 2013;61:1659–1672     

Museum,Bibliothek und Archiv der DGU als Corporate-Museum

Corporate museums make important contributions to science history and daily life. They are an essential part of the historical marketing of organizations, including scientific associations. The museum for the history of urology organized and housed by the German Society of Urology (DGU) can be compared to a corporate museum, because the institution serves two purposes: it represents the society to a wider public and it helps to reconstruct and analyze the history of urology and the history of the society. In a close collaboration with medical historians from all over the world the museum serves as a research institution for the history of urology. The institution is founded at the frontier between a commercial corporate museum similar to that of international companies and a classical scientific museum. The paper describes these aspects of the museum and discusses the inherent value of a museum for a scientific association.     

Urologie und Sexualwissenschaft in Berlin 1880–1933

The connections between urology and sexology are often not obvious today. At the end of the 19th century both specialties developed in parallel especially in Berlin and had a fruitful relationship. Urologic journals and books were an ideal forum for publication especially for sexologists.     

基于增强图卷积神经网络的病毒形态识别方法研究

背景 透射电子显微镜（TEM）是检测病毒的重要手段,传统TEM检测常依靠专家手工观察,操作步骤繁琐,且已有机器学习方法易受到背景、噪声的影响,导致病毒检测方法准确率差、效率低且耗时长。 目的 探讨增强图卷积神经网络（EGCN）对TEM图像中的病毒形态自动识别问题,以提高TEM病毒检测的效率。 方法 EGCN模型利用卷积神经网络（CNN）提取像素间的局部特征信息,并结合样本特征之间的最近邻关系利用图卷积网络（GCN）进行图特征学习。在模型优化中联合优化群体超分类损失和分类交叉熵损失以提高EGCN模型对病毒类别信息特征的提取能力,较CNN对TEM病毒图像特征具备更强的特征提取能力。 结果 通过不同方法在15类TEM病毒图像数据集上开展实验,EGCN达到3.40%的top-1错误率、1.88%的top-2错误率、96.65%的精确度和96.60%的召回率,并通过一系列对比实验表明EGCN模型可以有效避免TEM图像中背景、噪声等的影响,提高对病毒识别的准确率。 结论 EGCN可以有效解决病毒形态识别任务,为病毒的诊断提供重要的参考价值。     

Etablierung von Urologischen Universitätskliniken in NRW

The foundation of university departments of urology in postwar East and West Germany faced some opposition by some university professors of surgery who wanted to preserve the unity of their discipline. In North Rhine–Westphalia, heads of municipal hospitals or senior members of university hospitals’ staff often received the first chaired professorships of urology.