应用改进的眼震图检查先天性眼球震颤

目的评价改进后的眼震图对先天性眼球震颤波形的分析,为其手术治疗提供较为精确的量化标准.方法改进电生理仪的视网膜电图(EOG)程序,分别记录68例患者33cm原在位、右5°、10°、15°、20°,左5°、10°、15°、20°,3m原在位及闭眼的波形,并对其中28例手术患者术前和术后的眼震图进行比较.结果68例患者中,跳动型48例,其中水平跳动46例,垂直跳动2例;水平钟摆型20例.跳动型中,有代偿头位的40例,钟摆型无明显代偿头位.28例手术患者中,水平跳动型26例,水平钟摆型2例.26例跳动型患者均有中间位和代偿头位.术后20例代偿头位消失,6例代偿头位在左5°～10°.按震频、振幅、震强的分组中,处于中等震频、振幅、震强范围内的多见.结论改进的眼震图可以对眼震的振幅、震频、震强、中间位进行量化的检测,从而指导其治疗.     

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. with potent activity against fluconazole-resistant fungal pathogens

Antifungal activity of natural products is being studied widely. Saponins are known to be antifungal and antibacterial. We have isolated eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. , namely TTS-8, TTS-9, TTS-10, TTS-11, TTS-12, TTS-13, TTS-14 and TTS-15. TTS-12 and TTS-15 were identified as tigogenin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→ 2）-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl（ 1 → 3 ） 3-β- D-glucopyranosyl （ 1 → 4 ）- 1- α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1 → 2 ） 3-β-D-galactopyranoside and tigogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranpyranosyl（1→2）-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→ 3）3-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside, respectively. The in vitro antifungal activities of the eight saponins against six fluconazole-resistant yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida para psilosis , Candida tropicalis , Candida krusei , and Cryptococcus neo f ormans were studied using microbroth dilution assay. The results showed that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very effective against several pathogenic candidal species and C. neoformans in vitro. It is noteworthy that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very active against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans （MIC80 = 4.4, 9.4 mg/ml）, C. neoformans （MIC80 =10.7, 18.7 mg/ml） and inherently resistant C. krusei （MIC80 =8.8, 18.4 mg/ml）. So in vivo activity of TTS-12 in a vaginal infection model with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was studied in particular. Our studies revealed TTS-12 also showed in vivo activities against fluconazole-resistant yeasts. In conclusion, steroid saponins TTS-12 and TTS-15 from Tribulus terrestris L. have significant in vitro antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant fungi, especially TTS-12 also showed in vivo activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans.