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41.
LN Weinberger MJ Zirwas JC English III 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(2):156-162
Male genital oedema can be defined as swelling or the appearance of swelling of the scrotum and/or the penile shaft and prepuce. Despite the various causes of genital oedema reported in the published work, a concise approach to the evaluation and management has not been sufficiently addressed. 相似文献
42.
The neuroprotective actions of kynurenic acid and MK-801 in gerbils are synergistic and not related to hypothermia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The broad spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid was evaluated in a transient forebrain ischaemia model in gerbils. When administered i.p., 15 min prior to a 5 min period of ischaemia, a dose-related neuroprotective effect was seen with 800 mg/kg of kynurenic acid showing very good protection. A combination of kynurenic acid (200 or 400 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) gave a synergistic neuroprotective effect. Neither kynurenic acid (200 or 400 mg/kg) nor MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) was neuroprotective when administered by itself 30 min post-ischaemically, but when co-administered significant protection of the CA1 pyramidal neurones of the hippocampus was seen. In addition, we examined the effect of maintaining core body temperature on the neuroprotective action of MK-801 and kynurenic acid following the suggestion that it was a hypothermic effect of MK-801 which resulted in neuroprotection in gerbils. When the body temperature of the gerbils was maintained at 37 degrees C for a period of 24 h it did not affect the neuroprotective action of MK-801 (0.1 or 10 mg/kg) or kynurenic acid (200 mg/kg). 相似文献
43.
44.
The relationship between stressful family life events and somatic complaints in 477 school children was studied. There was a significant association between life events and somatic complaints, with a general trend for somatic complaints to increase in almost direct proportion to the number of family life events. Overall occurrence of these nonspecific symptoms was more in girls. The somatic complaints were significantly more in children from nuclear families and of illiterate or poorly educated mothers. No significant association was observed between somatic complaints and number of children in the family or socio-economic status. Assessment of psychodevelopmental tasks and family environment during routine check up of children by the school health teams and their appropriate training in this field should be stressed upon. 相似文献
45.
46.
Uroscopy in the 21st century: high-field NMR spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Neild GH; Foxall PJ; Lindon JC; Holmes EC; Nicholson JK 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(3):404-417
From the experiments described, it can be seen that there are different
research approaches that can be taken and these are summarized in Table 1.
Whereas much scientific research is principally hypothesis led, there
remains, nevertheless, an important place for exploratory research. High
resolution NMR can measure, directly and simultaneously, a wide range of
endogenous metabolites in biological fluids and has the unique capability
of providing structural information on the metabolites detected. It has
proved to be a powerful research tool with which to study inherited
metabolic diseases, renal disease, drug metabolism, and toxicity, and can
be used to monitor the effects of drug therapy. For instance, by using a
library of experimental toxins one can map the metabolic profile of
site-specific nephron injury. With this approach in man one could
eventually take an unknown disease such as Balkan nephropathy and predict
the initial site of tubular injury, the mode of injury and therefore the
kind of toxin capable of producing that injury. NMR spectroscopic
techniques are still advancing rapidly, with ever increasing sensitivity
and sophistication of NMR pulse sequences to enhance structural elucidation
in complex mixtures. Given the advances in directly coupled HPLC-NMR and
even HPLC-NMR-mass spectroscopy it is likely that these technologies in
conjunction with pattern recognition will make major contribution to our
understanding of renal processes and provide new diagnostic insights in the
21st century.
相似文献
47.
New reference allelic ladders to improve allelic designation in a multiplex STR system 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
R. A. L. Griffiths M. D. Barber P. E. Johnson S. M. Gillbard M. D. Haywood C. D. Smith J. Arnold T. Burke A. J. Urquhart P. Gill 《International journal of legal medicine》1998,111(5):267-272
This paper reports the composition of a new reference allelic ladder mixture for use with a multiplex DNA profiling system
consisting of six short tandem repeat loci. The loci included in this mixture are HUMTH01, D21S11, D18S51, D8S1179, HUMVWAF31/A,
HUMFIBRA/FGA and an amelogenin sex test. Sequence analysis of individual ladder alleles was carried out and allelic designations
made in accordance with the recommendations of the International Society of Forensic Haemogenetics (1992; 1994). A series
of rare alleles which increase the range of alleles previously reported were identified. By including some of the rare alleles
into the ladder marker system, we have significantly improved the ability to identify new alleles in unknown samples.
Received: 12 August 1997 / Received in revised form: 7 November 1997 相似文献
48.
With regard to cadmium toxicity, Drosophila strains v;bw and Austin represent extremes in resistance and sensitivity, respectively. Both strains produced metallothionein (MT) in response to Cd ions in their diet. Austin produced more metallothionein than v;bw at Cd ion levels below 0.2 mM, when both strains were allowed lifetime development on Cd2+-containing media. When the rate of MT appearance was measured for 4 days in young adults the results showed no clear trend with time within a strain or between strains. The plot of LC50 vs. MT levels for identical developmental conditions revealed that for v;bw small increases in MT corresponded to large increases in resistance whereas for the sensitive Austin even large increases in MT had comparatively little effect on increasing LC50. Results given here suggest that differences in total MT content do not explain the genetically demonstrable difference in Cd2+-resistance between v;bw and Austin. However, since two MT genes are identified in Drosophila, differences in resistance could be reflective of greater relative amounts of one "more important" MT in the resistant fly. 相似文献
49.
It has previously been shown that of all the soluble reovirus-specified proteins present in the infected cell lysate, protein sigma 1 alone possesses the capacity to bind to host cells (P.W.K. Lee, E.C. Hayes, and W.K. Joklik, 1981, Virology 108, 156-163). We found that sigma 1 from urea-disrupted reovirus particles was also capable of such specific binding. Reovirions were therefore used as a source of functional sigma 1. Accordingly, a simple procedure has been developed to purify sigma 1 by subjecting urea-disrupted reovirions to DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. Protein sigma 1 thus isolated was electrophoretically homogeneous and the recovery was estimated to be 50 to 60% of the theoretical yield. The purified protein presumably maintained its native conformation since it was recognized by a panel of monoclonal anti-sigma 1 antibodies previously isolated, and was capable of specifically binding to host cell receptors, agglutinating human erythrocytes and inducing neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies. Subsequent chemical crosslinking studies revealed the presence of oligomeric (mostly dimeric) sigma 1 forms in the preparation. The amino acid composition of the purified sigma 1 was found to closely match that inferred from the S1 gene sequence. However, attempts to determine its amino-terminal sequence have not been successful. The p/ of the purified protein was determined to be 6.8. Circular dichroic measurements of the purified sigma 1 indicated that 54 and 19% of its residues were arranged in alpha-helical and beta-sheet secondary structures, respectively. 相似文献
50.
A delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction is induced by a sensitizing intradermal injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA) into the abdomen of mice and a subsequent challenge injection of MBSA into the hind paw. Paw volume increase is measured by mercury plethysmography. The conditions for sensitization have been investigated. Sensitization with a 0.25% MBSA emulsion resulted in a small but significant swelling of the paw following the challenge injection. The magnitude of the footpad response to the challenge injection was increased if the antigen administered in the sensitizing injection was emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Incorporation ofMycobacterium butyricum in the emulsion greatly increased the footpad response if added at doses of 0.05 and 1 mg per animal. A higher dose (4 mg), however, resulted in a lower response. The time course of development of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction has been studied. An 8-day interval between sensitization and challenge resulted in a greater delayed hypersensitivity response than a shorter (3-day) or longer (15-, 21-, 28-day) interval. Cyclophosphamide (250 mg kg–1) administered 3 days prior to the sensitizing injection of MBSA produced a modest enhancement of the DH reaction.On the basis of these studies a protocol for conducting the DH reaction to MBSA was established and the activity of drugs on processes underlying the sensitization phase of the reaction or processes underlying the elicitation phase of the reaction have been examined. Steroid and immunosuppressant drugs were found to inhibit the DH footpad response when dosed during the sensitization whereas several specific-anti-rheumatic and immunoactive compounds were without effect. Indomethacin and sudoxicam inhibited the DH reaction if dosed during the elicitation of the reaction but other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories tested did not significantly reduce the response. The clinically used anti-rheumatic drugsd-penicillamine and levamisole did not inhibit the elicitation phase of the DH response but niridazole at 100 mg kg–1 did reduce the inflammatory response.This paper has been presented in part as a poster presentation to the British Pharmacological Society, 4–6 January 1978. 相似文献