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The incidence over 10% of premature delivery in Hungary was studied. The cause which motivated this work was the fact that despite of several preventive and therapeutic measures the incidence e.g. in BAZ county surpassed even the average of the country. Professors of clinics in different countries of Europe as well as medical societies dealing with this question have been consulted about the matter of whether it was sufficient to consider a neonate a premature infant and the delivery a premature one solely on the basis of birth weight (under 2.500 g). Data of BAZ county proved that this determination was misleading and proposals are made concerning the modification on the basis of the examinations of the authors. 相似文献
33.
D. Caroline Blanchard Jon K. Shepherd R. J. Rodgers Robert J. Blanchard 《Psychopharmacology》1992,106(4):531-539
The Proxemics/Activity test and the Eat/Drink test, two components of the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery, were developed to measure defensive reactions to situations associated with a natural predator (cat). In the present studies the behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT treatment (0.01–1.0 mg/kg, SC) were entirely consistent with anxiety/fear reduction. These effects included an increase in time spent near the cat compartment, and a complimentary decrease in time spent farthest from this compartment, together with an increase in transits and locomote behavior. 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg) also increased eat frequencies and durations (highly preferred food) both during and following cat presentation, without influencing drinking. This finding is discussed with reference to previous findings with 8-OH-DPAT in studies assessing both food intake and anxiolysis. Interestingly, 8-OH-DPAT was more potent in a majority of its effects in female subjects, a finding consistent with recent neurochemical data. These findings provide important behavioral evidence for a sexual differentiation in 5-HT function, and support the case for greater emphasis on female subjects in animal models of anxiety.Supported by NIH MH42803 and RCMI Grants RR03061 and RR01825 相似文献
34.
Complications of lymphangiomas in children. 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
B J Hancock D St-Vil F I Luks M Di Lorenzo H Blanchard 《Journal of pediatric surgery》1992,27(2):220-4; discussion 224-6
One hundred ninety-three cases of lymphangioma presenting in children were reviewed over a 10-year period. The diagnosis was established before 5 years of age in 87.0%. The distribution of lymphangiomas was: cervical (31.4%), craniofacial (18.9%), extremity (18.9%), trunk (9.2%), intraabdominal (9.2%), cervicoaxillothoracic (4.9%), multiple (3.8%), cervicomediastinal (2.2%), and intrathoracic (1.6%). Of 164 patients undergoing primary therapy, total excision was performed in 77.4% and partial excision in 20.7% with recurrence rates of 11.8% and 52.9%, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of all operations for lymphangiomas were performed for resection of recurrent or residual disease. The incidence of postoperative complications was 31.3%. Forty-four additional procedures were required to manage these complications. Sclerotherapy with 50% dextrose was used as an adjunct in 9.5%. Recurrences were seen after total resection in 17.6% of operations in which 50% dextrose was used and 11.8% in which it was not used. Seroma formation was noted in 3.5% of total resections and 40.0% of resections for recurrent disease in which adjunctive sclerotherapy with 50% dextrose was used. Seromas occurred in 9.8% of wounds in which local drains were used and 3.6% of wounds in which drains were not used. Infectious complications occurred after 6.6% of operations using perioperative antibiotics and 3.5% not using antibiotics. The management of lymphangiomas in children remains a difficult problem. Despite being benign lesions, lymphangiomas are attended by a high rate of morbidity from complications of the disease and its management. Complete excision still offers the best chance for complete cure. Sclerotherapy with 50% dextrose is not beneficial in the management of recurrent disease or postoperative seromas. Local drains and perioperative antibiotics do not appear to diminish the incidence of seromas and infectious complications, respectively. 相似文献
35.
36.
Elise Chiffoleau Gaëlle Bériou Patrick Dutartre Claire Usal Jean-Paul Soulillou Maria Cristina Cuturi 《American journal of transplantation》2002,2(8):745-757
A 20-day treatment with LF15-0195, a deoxyspergualine analog, induced long-term heart allograft survival in the rat without signs of chronic rejection. LF15-0195-treated recipients did not develop an anti-donor alloantibody response. Analysis of graft-infiltrating cells, IL10, TNFalpha, IFNgamma mRNA and iNOS protein expression in allografts, 5 days after transplantation, showed that they were markedly decreased in allografts from LF15-0195-treated recipients compared with allografts from untreated recipients. Surprisingly, spleen T cells from LF15-0195 recipients, 5days after grafting, were able to proliferate strongly in vitro, when stimulated with donor cells, but had reduced mRNA expression for IFNy compared with spleen T cells from untreated graft recipients. Furthermore, when T cells from naive animals were stimulated in vitro, using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, LF15-0195 also increased T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion: however, these cells expressed less of the Th1 -related cytokines, IFNgamma and IL2, compared with untreated cells, suggesting that LF15-0195 could act on T-cell differentiation. In conclusion, we show here that a short-term treatment with LF15-0195 induced long-term allograft tolerance, decreasing the in situ anti-donor response, and we illustrate evidence for the development of regulatory mechanisms. 相似文献
37.
Combined percutaneous antegrade and cystoscopic retrograde approach in the treatment of distal ureteric fistulae 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thierry de Baere Alain Roche Christine Lagrange Alban Denys Bernard Court Joël Isapoff Paris Pappas 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》1995,18(6):349-352
Purpose To determine the efficacy of a cystoscopic approach, as definitive treatment of ureteral fistulae, after failure of antegrade ureteral stent insertion.Methods Of 43 ureter fistulae encountered over 4 years, 10 postoperative and/or postradiotherapy fistulae could not be stented via an antegrade approach alone. A cystoscopic approach was used, with the antegrade approach available as back-up, if necessary.Results In two patients the ureteral orifice could not be visualized cystoscopically, thus precluding the retrograde approach. In the eight remaining patients, the retrograde approach alone never allowed successful stenting. In six patients, combined antegrade and retrograde approaches permitted stent insertions. In three of those six patients, a complex catheterization procedure was necessary. In two patients the combined approach failed altogether. Therefore, 6 of 10 patients underwent a successful stenting procedure with the combined approach; all ultimately closed the fistula.Conclusion Antegrade stent insertion remains the treatment of choice for ureteral leaks. If the antegrade approach fails, the retrograde approach alone is not likely to be successful. Instead, a combination of both approaches often does succeed. 相似文献
38.
S P Ga?batov A Z Magomedov M A Kazhlaeva 《Klinichna khirurhiia / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov'ia Ukra?ny, Naukove tovarystvo khirurhiv Ukra?ny》1992,(11):38-40
The results of treatment of echinococcosis of the left hepatic lobe in 15 patients have been analysed. Resection of the left hepatic lobe is considered an operation of choice in presence of a large cyst. 相似文献
39.
Cécile Viboud Pierre-Yves Bo?lle Simon Cauchemez Audrey Lavenu Alain-Jacques Valleron Antoine Flahault Fabrice Carrat 《The British journal of general practice》2004,54(506):684-689
BACKGROUND: Influenza transmission in households is a subject of renewed interest, as the vaccination of children is currently under debate and antiviral treatments have been approved for prophylactic use. AIMS: To quantify the risk factors of influenza transmission in households. DESIGN OF STUDY: A prospective study conducted during the 1999 to 2000 winter season in France. SETTING: Nine hundred and forty-six households where a member, the index patient, had visited their general practitioner (GP) because of an influenza-like illness were enrolled in the study. Five hundred and ten of the index patients tested positive for influenza A (subtype H3N2). A standardised daily questionnaire allowed for identification of secondary cases of influenza among their household contacts, who were followed-up for 15 days. Of the 395 (77%) households that completed the questionnaire, we selected 279 where no additional cases had occurred on the day of the index patient's visit to the GP. METHODS: Secondary cases of influenza were those household contacts who had developed clinical influenza within 5 days of the disease onset in the index patient. Hazard ratios for individual clinical and demographic characteristics of the contact and their index patient were derived from a Cox regression model. RESULTS: Overall in the 279 households, 131 (24.1%) secondary cases occurred among the 543 household contacts. There was an increased risk of influenza transmission in preschool contacts (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 3.26) as compared with school-age and adult contacts. There was also an increased risk in contacts exposed to preschool index patients (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.42) and school-age index patients (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.65), compared with those exposed to adult index cases. No other factor was associated with transmission of the disease. CONCLUSION: Our results support the major role of children in the dissemination of influenza in households. Vaccination of children or prophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors would prevent, respectively, 32-38% and 21-41% of secondary cases caused by exposure to a sick child in the household. 相似文献
40.