肝移植拔除T管后胆漏的超声介入治疗

目的探讨超声引导下置管引流在肝移植拔除T管后胆漏中的价值,并与其他处理方法作比较。方法2001年8月至2005年3月肝移植行胆管端端吻合或胆肠吻合放置T管患者76例,拔除T管后发生胆漏9例,其中8例患者行超声引导下置管引流,男性7例,女性1例,年龄22-59岁,平均46.7岁。穿刺置管引流术方法为确定穿刺点,在超声引导下采用Seldinger法徒手操作,18G穿刺针穿入积液内,观察到针尖进入积液区后拔出针芯,见液体流出或抽出液体后放入导丝,退出穿刺针放置带内套针的7F直通管,导管进入积液内退出内套针和导丝,局部固定包敷引流管。结果8例患者拔除T管后分别出现剧烈腹痛、发烧、大汗淋漓等症状,超声检查发现均有盆腔积液,积液最大深度范围为3～7cm。8例超声引导下置管引流均一次成功,引流出淡黄色或金黄色胆汁,1d内症状均迅速改善或消失。5～10d后见管内无引流液后拔管,无并发症发生。结论超声引导下置管引流对肝移植拔除T管后胆漏的治疗是安全、有效的,具有重要价值。     

凉血散血法治疗缺血性中风的机理探讨

从分析缺血性中风的病因病机入手,揭示在肝肾阴虚基础上形成的瘀热互结为缺血性中风的重要病机之一,并且对瘀热互结的临床证候特点进行了总结,认为在此基础上进行凉血散血治疗可以取得较好疗效。     

脐尿管癌的超声诊断

目的分析探讨脐尿管癌的超声表现。方法对本组5例经手术、病理证实的脐尿管癌患者,进行分析总结。结果5例病灶均位于膀胱顶部或前壁,均累及膀胱壁全层,其中有2例浸润至侧壁,有3例侵犯膀胱周围组织。病理诊断均为腺癌。超声图像表现以低回声为主,回声不均质,肿块形态不规则。结论脐尿管癌是一种少见的恶性肿瘤,肿瘤的部位对于诊断较有帮助,超声检查可了解肿瘤的部位、大小及其侵犯程度,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

实时超声弹性成像在甲状腺占位性病变中的初步应用

目的探讨实时超声弹性成像在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法分析40例(44个病灶)甲状腺占位性病变的超声弹性图表现,将图像分为0～IV级,并与病理结果作对比。结果良性病变以0～II级多见,而恶性病变以III～IV级多见。以III级以上(含III级)作为判断恶性的标准,则其敏感性为100%,特异性为77.1%,准确性81.8%。结论超声弹性成像对甲状腺结节的诊断提供较大帮助。     

印度新专利法的实行对医药企业的影响

印度和我国一样都是发展中国家,人口众多,在医药领域既有很多相似之处,又存在激烈竞争:首先,从地理、人口、经济发展等方面看,中印两国国情比较相近,两国的制药产业也有惊人的相似之处(成本低廉,药品可获得性高);大部分企业仍处于低水平重复仿制阶段;研发力量较为薄弱,仿制药比     

新发涂阳肺结核患者发现延误对比分析

肺结核病传染源自开始出现症状至确诊接受治疗,这一阶段是向周围人群传播结核病的危险时期,因而,及时发现肺结核病传染源,对于控制结核病的传播具有十分重要的意义。为了解和掌握新发涂阳肺结核病人的发现延误情况,我们分别于2001、2006年进行了专题调查,现将资料对比分析如下。     

藏药独一味药理作用及临床应用新进展

简要综述了独一味及其制剂的药理作用和临床应用研究的最新进展,并对其今后的研究方向提出了建议。认为独一味有良好地利用价值和开发潜力,对其研究开发的前景广阔;对其药效的物质基础及作用机理的研究有待深入,尤其应重点关注其疗效确切的镇痛活性。     

IL‐27 improves adoptive CD8+ T cells’ antitumor activity via enhancing cell survival and memory T cell differentiation

IL‐27 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine that triggers enhanced antitumor immunity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. In the present study, we sought to develop IL‐27 into a therapeutic adjutant for adoptive T cell therapy using our well‐established models. We have found that IL‐27 directly improved the survival status and cytotoxicity of adoptive OT‐1 CD8⁺ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, IL‐27 treatment programs memory T cell differentiation in CD8⁺ T cells, characterized by upregulation of genes associated with T cell memory differentiation (T‐bet, Eomes, Blimp1, and Ly6C). Additionally, we engineered the adoptive OT‐1 CD8⁺ T cells to deliver IL‐27. In mice, the established tumors treated with OT‐1 CD8⁺ T‐IL‐27 were completely rejected, which demonstrated that IL‐27 delivered via tumor antigen–specific T cells enhances adoptive T cells’ cancer immunity. To our knowledge, this is the first application of CD8⁺ T cells as a vehicle to deliver IL‐27 to treat tumors. Thus, this study demonstrates IL‐27 is a feasible approach for enhancing CD8⁺ T cells’ antitumor immunity and can be used as a therapeutic adjutant for T cell adoptive transfer to treat cancer.     

Comparison of the safety and prognosis of sequential regorafenib after sorafenib and lenvatinib treatment failure in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThere is lack of studies on sequential regorafenib after sorafenib and lenvatinib treatment failure in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was to explore the safety and prognosis of sequential regorafenib after sorafenib and lenvatinib failure in HCC patients.MethodsThis study was a retrospective, real-world study that included 50 HCC patients who received sequential regrafinib after sorafenib and lenvatinib failure. The safety and prognosis of two groups were compared.ResultsThe incidence of all grade and III/IV adverse events were 68% and 24%. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1 and modified (m) RECIST standards, the objective response rates (ORRs) after receiving regorafenib were 14.0% and 22.0%, respectively. The disease control rates (DCRs) were 62.0% and 60.0%, respectively. Based on different first-line targeted drugs, 50 patients were divided into sorafenib (n=22) and lenvatinib group (n=28). There was no differences between two groups except age and bilirubin. And there was no differences in other treatments before or after regorafenib. The baseline between two groups was basically same and had good comparability. There was no difference in incidence of all grade and III/IV adverse events, ORR and DCR between two groups (P>0.05). On long-term prognosis, total overall survival (TOS) in sorafenib and lenvatinib group were 23.0 (95% CI: 15.1–30.9) vs. 29.7 (95% CI: 21.4–38.1) months. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.041). Besides, regorafenib overall survival (ROS) in sorafenib and lenvatinib group were 11.7 (95% CI: 7.1–16.3) vs. 15.9 (95% CI: 8.3–23.5) months. The difference was statistically significant ( P=0.045). The regorafenib progression-free survival (RPFS) was 5.6 (95% CI: 1.9–9.2) vs. 8.0 (95% CI: 5.1–10.9) months in sorafenib and lenvatinib group, respectively, and difference was not statistically significant (P=0.380).ConclusionsRegorafenib is an effective drug for second-line treatment of HCC, with fewer severe adverse events, ORR and DCR was 14–22% and 62–60%, respectively. Both TOS and ROS in lenvatinib group were better than those in sorafenib group. For HCC patients whose first-line targeted drug is lenvatinib, it is safe and effective to accept regorafenib after disease progresses.