Preservation of root cementum: a comparative evaluation of power‐driven versus hand instruments

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three distinct periodontal treatment methods in comparison with hand instrumentation on residual cementum of periodontal diseased teeth. Cementum can influence the activities of periodontal cells and may play an important regulatory role in periodontal treatment. The ideal method for periodontal therapy involves removal of biofilm, calculus and endotoxin while preserving root cementum. Material and methods: Forty‐eight caries free, single‐rooted teeth in patients diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis were treated using four different methods prior to extraction. The teeth were instrumented subgingivally at one approximal site either by hand curettes (HC), piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers (U), piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers following air polishing (U + AP) or air polishing (AP) alone. Following extraction of teeth, instrumented and non‐instrumented sites were analysed with a dissecting microscope and SEM for measurement of the amount of and surface characteristics of residual cementum. Results: The percentage of coronal cementum remaining following subgingival instrumentation was 84% for U, 80% for U + AP, 94% for AP and 65% for HC. Although subgingival instrumentation of apical portions of the cementum demonstrated 6% less retained cementum in comparison with coronal portions, the amount of retained cementum with AP was still significantly greater than with HC. SEM results found the smoothest root surfaces were produced by the HC followed by the AP, while root surfaces instrumented by U or U + AP presented grooves and scratches. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that AP was superior to U devices in preserving cementum, whereas HC were the most effective instruments in removing cementum.     

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human interleukin- 11 in cancer patients with severe thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy

Thrombocytopenia is a complication of cancer treatment that can limit dose intensity. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a growth factor that increases platelet production. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11) in 93 patients with cancer who had already been transfused platelets for severe thrombocytopenia resulting from chemotherapy. The patients had received platelet transfusions for nadir platelet counts of < or = 20,000/microL during the chemotherapy cycle immediately preceding study entry. Chemotherapy was continued during the study without dose reduction. Patients were randomized to receive placebo or rhIL-11 at 50 or 25 micrograms/kg subcutaneously once daily for 14 to 21 days beginning 1 day after chemotherapy. Eight of 27 (30%) evaluable patients treated with rhIL-11 at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg did not require platelet transfusions versus 1 of 27 (4%) patients who received placebo (P < .05). Five of 23 (18%) patients treated with rhIL-11 at 25 micrograms/kg avoided platelet transfusions (P = .23). Side effects were fatigue and cardiovascular symptoms, including a low incidence of atrial arrhythmias and syncope. There were no differences among treatment groups in the incidence of neutropenic fever, days of hospitalization, or number of red blood cell transfusions. This study shows that rhIL-11 treatment of a dose of 50 micrograms/kg significantly increases the likelihood that patients who have already been transfused platelets for severe chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia will not require platelet transfusions during a subsequent chemotherapy cycle.     

青蒿琥酯经皮肤吸收治疗猴疟的疗效

青蒿琥酯为高效、速效、低毒的抗疟新药,但近期复燃率较高。为了提高疗效,方便使用,乃研究其经皮肤吸收制剂。青蒿琥酯经皮肤吸收对鼠疟的疗效,在小鼠及兔体内的药代动力学研究已取得较好的结果,现报告对猴疟的疗效。     

Comparison of the effect of bipolar coagulation and fibrillar structured oxidized cellulose on formation epidural fibrosis in rats

Background/aim Epidural fibrosis (EF) is a common cause of failed back surgery syndrome seen after spinal surgeries. The most frequent reason for the formation of EF is accumulated blood and its products in the operation zone. On the development of EF, the effect of bipolar coagulation and fibrillar oxidized cellulose, which are used frequently to control bleeding, was investigated.Materials and methodsIn the study, 45 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, fibrillar, and bipolar). Lumbar laminectomy was applied to all rats under sterile conditions. In the control group, the epidural area was washed with saline solution. Bleeding was controlled with fibrillar oxidized cellulose in the fibrillar group, with bipolar coagulation in the bipolar group. The area to which laminectomy had been applied was removed as a block 6 weeks later and evaluated histopathologically and genetically in terms of EF development. Fibrosis degree was determined histopathologically by counting fibroblasts using the modified Lubina and EF He grading systems. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1), and mRNA levels were measured by the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction method.ResultsThe number of epidural fibroblasts, percentage of modified Lubina, amount of IL-6, and He grading rates were significantly lower in the fibrillar group than in the bipolar and control groups (p ˂ 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference among the control, fibrillar, and bipolar groups in terms of TGFβ-1 values (p= 0.525).ConclusionThe use of fibrillar oxidized cellulose was more effective for hemostasis than bipolar coagulation in reducing the development of EF.     

动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者血同型半胱氨酸的变化

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系. 方法:采用高效液相色谱法检测98例动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者血浆Hcy水平,并与50例对照组进行比较分析. 结果:病例组空腹血浆Hcy含量(21.4±2.3) μmol/L显著高于对照组(10.2±1.5) μmol/L(P﹤0.01). 血浆Hcy升高率,病例组(48.0%)高于对照组(6.0%),两者存在极显著差异. 结论:高Hcy血症作为一种新的独立危险因素参与了动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的发生、发展过程.     

Quercetin Attenuates Benzo(α)pyrene-induced CYP1A Expression

<正>We studied effects of nutrient quercetin on cytochromes’Р450 1А(CYP1A)activities(measured spectrofluorimetrically using 7-ethoxy-resorufin for CYP1A1 and 7-methoxy-resorufin for CYP1A2 as substrates),on mR NA levels(measured by RT-PCR),and on DNA-binding activities(evaluated by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay)of proteins regulating CYP1A expression in untreated and benzo(α)pyrene(Ba P)-treated rats.Wistar rats     

补肾中药靶向经穴给药对骨质疏松患者的归经调节

目的:通过临床实验观察补肾方药靶向经穴位给药治疗骨质疏松症的疗效,分析靶向给药与药物归经的相关性。方法:①观察对象:选择2004-08/2006-12河北医科大学骨质疏松专科门诊和石家庄市桥东区医院门诊骨质疏松患者180例(患者知情同意,并经单位伦理委员会批准)。②实验分组:采用随机数字表法将180例患者分为6组:补肾方药口服组,外贴肾经组,外贴膀胱经组,依普拉封组,骨疏康组,非经非穴位组,每组30例,平均年龄(60.5±6.0)岁,平均病程(6.32±2.03)年。6组一般资料差异无显著性(P>0.05),具有可比性。补肾方药由地黄、淫羊藿、山药、丹参、骨碎补、独活等药物组成,每5丸含原药材3g;抗骨松贴剂:由地黄、淫羊藿、山药、丹参、骨碎补、独活等药物组成);依普拉封为正大青春宝药业有限公司产品;骨疏康颗粒由熟地黄、淫羊藿、黄芪、丹参、骨碎补、木耳、黄瓜子组成。③实验干预:补肾方药口服组:口服补肾方药10丸/次,3次/d,连续服用6个月。外贴肾经穴位组:选择足少阴肾经原穴太溪和络穴大钟;外贴膀胱经穴位组:选择足太阳膀胱经背部肾俞穴和络穴飞扬;外贴非经非穴位组:选择大腿外侧和后背部较广阔没有经络循行的区域;外贴组每个穴位贴2g生药量,每2天1次,左右交替进行。依普拉封组:口服依普拉封200mg/次,3次/d。骨疏康组:口服骨疏康颗粒10g/次,2次/d,各组均以6个月为1疗程,用药期间不进行任何其他中西医抗骨质疏松治疗。④实验评估:比较6组的骨痛症状与骨密度、血清Ca、P、碱性磷酸酶、尿羟脯氨酸,甲状旁腺素、降钙素、雌二醇、睾酮等指标的变化情况。进行综合疗效评价,评估标准分为显效、有效、无效。结果:180例患者全部进入结果分析。①补肾方药口服组、外贴肾经组、外贴膀胱经组、依普拉封组、骨疏康组治疗后,升高骨密度、雌二醇、睾酮、降钙素;降低甲状旁腺素;总有效率分别为90.0%,83.33%,83.33%,83.33%,83.33%。②非经非穴位组治疗后,骨密度、雌二醇、睾酮、降钙素、甲状旁腺素与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);总有效率为46.67%。结论:靶向经穴给药可明显提高补肾方药的归经调节作用,至少在骨和性腺两个靶点起作用。     

血管内皮生长因子与基质金属蛋白酶2在血管瘤不同生长过程中的表达特征

目的:观察血管内皮生长因子与基质金属蛋白酶2在血管瘤不同分期中的表达。方法:取自承德医学院附属医院1998-01/2005-12期间血管瘤手术切除的标本共60例及正常带血管皮肤手术切除标本10例,患者家属知情同意。①实验分组:根据Mulliken标准进行病理诊断并分类,所有标本共分4组。增生组22例;退化组20例;退化完成组18例。另取10例正常带血管皮肤组织作为对照组。②采用免疫组织化学S-P法对各组标本的血管内皮生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶2进行染色。③实验评估:以正常血管上皮细胞或肿瘤细胞胞浆出现棕黄色颗粒为阳性,检测各组血管内皮生长因子与基质金属蛋白酶2的表达。结果:①随着血管瘤病理时期的变化,血管内皮生长因子与基质金属蛋白酶2出现明显不同的表达。②增生组血管内皮生长因子与基质金属蛋白酶2的阳性表达率明显高于其他各组,且随着血管瘤的退化,两者的阳性表达率逐渐下降,至退化完成期时与对照组几乎无差别。③血管内皮生长因子与基质金属蛋白酶2的表达呈正相关。结论:血管内皮生长因子与基质金属蛋白酶2在血管瘤的不同分期中起重要作用,其表达水平与血管瘤的病理分期有密切关系。