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91.
INTRODUCTION: This prospective study of children undergoing major craniofacial surgery was undertaken to determine whether abnormal hemostasis occurred and to characterize any coagulopathy found. METHODS: Coagulation tests, blood loss and blood product transfusions were recorded perioperatively. Packed red blood cells (PRBC) were transfused to maintain target hematocrit. Patients with blood loss >100 ml/kg (group A, n = 5) were compared to patients with blood loss <100 ml/kg (group B, n = 22) using Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Twenty-seven children (age range 2.9--27.9 months) had median total blood loss of 64 ml/kg. At completion of surgery, median coagulation values differed significantly between groups for prothrombin time (A: 16.6 s; B: 13.8 s), partial thromboplastin time (A: 44 s; B: 29 s), thrombin time (A: 28 s; B: 23 s), thromboelastograph reaction time (A: 7 mm; B: 4 mm), prothrombin fragment F1.2 (A: 1.9 nmol/l; B: 3.3 nmol/l) and platelet count (A: 174 K/mm(-3); B: 239 K/mm(-3)). Fibrinolysis was not associated with blood loss. Median units transfused were in group A 3 units and group B 1 unit (p = 0.001). All patients received PRBC transfusions but only group A patients received other blood products (fresh frozen plasma, platelets). CONCLUSION: Children transfused with PRBC during craniosynostosis repair can become coagulopathic from coagulation factor depletion when hemorrhage approaches 1.5 times estimated blood volume. 相似文献
92.
三尖杉树皮粗提取物中的一个新生物碱—高三尖杉酯碱酰胺(homoharringtonamide)的结构,经质谱—质谱分析,初步建议为16。类似的酰胺类生物碱,例如三尖杉碱酰胺(cephalotaxamide,6)、11-羟基三尖杉碱酰胺(11-hydroxycephalotaxamide,9)、三尖杉酯碱酰胺(harfingtonamide,14)或异三尖杉酯碱酰胺(isoharringtonamide,15)也可能存在,后三者(9,14,15)尚未见报道。 相似文献
93.
Preduodenal mechanisms in initiating gallbladder emptying in man 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S Ellenbogen S A Jenkins J S Grime M Critchley C R Mackie J N Baxter 《The British journal of surgery》1988,75(10):940-945
The existence of preduodenal phases of gallbladder emptying in normal volunteers was investigated by evaluating the effect of sham feeding a sandwich (chew and spit) (n = 15), the sight and smell of food followed by sham feeding a cooked meal (n = 15), and gastric distension (intragastric balloon tube) (n = 9) on gallbladder emptying and comparing these responses with those after ingestion of a standard meal (n = 14). A control group given no intestinal stimuli were studied to determine the frequency of spontaneous emptying during fasting (n = 18). 99mTc-EHIDA (2,6 diethylphenylcarbamoylmethyliminodiacetic acid) was used as the biliary tracer. The frequency of gallbladder emptying during fasting was 0.0045/min. Thus, in any 20 min period emptying occurred spontaneously in only about 1 in 11 volunteers. Significant emptying (greater than 5 per cent over 20 min) occurred in 8 out of 15 volunteers after sham feeding a sandwich (P less than 0.001 versus control), in 8 out of 15 volunteers after sham feeding a cooked meal (P = 1.0 versus sandwich sham feed, n.s.), in 6 out of 9 volunteers after gastric distension (P less than 0.001 versus control) and in 14 out of 14 volunteers after meal ingestion. The rate of emptying was significantly greater in the gastric distension and meal ingestion groups compared with other groups (P less than 0.05). However, the emptying rate after sham feeding was not significantly different from spontaneous gallbladder emptying (P greater than 0.05, n.s.). There was no significant difference in time to onset of emptying between the four stimulus groups (P greater than 0.05, n.s.). These results suggest that pre-duodenal stimuli can evoke gallbladder emptying in man, although the precise physiological significance of this phenomenon remains to be established. 相似文献
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95.
PJ Fielder SE Gargosky M Vaccarello K Wilson P Cohen F Diamond J Guevara-Aguirre AL Rosenbloom RG Rosenfeld 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1993,82(S389):40-43
Six adult patients with growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) (2 men, 4 women) with an identical defect in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene, were treated with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), 40 μgikg S.C. twice daily, for 7 days. Serum concentrations of IGF peptide and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays; serum IGFBPs were also measured by Western ligand blotting. The size distribution of both IGF-I and IGF-II was measured in serum following size-exclusion fast-performance liquid chromatography. IGF-I treatment resulted in a normalization of serum IGF-I levels on days 1–7 of treatment and a decrease in serum IGF-II levels. The fall in IGF-II levels and the simultaneous rise in IGF-I levels, however, resulted in an unchanged total serum IGF level. The low IGFBP-3 values did not significantly change during treatment, whereas there was a slight increase in IGFBP-2 levels. Preliminary analysis of size-fractionated sera suggested an increase in IGF-I levels in the 40 and 150 kDa regions at the expense of IGF-II levels. The results suggest that despite the failure of IGF-I treatment to increase IGFBPs significantly, serum IGFBP concentrations were sufficient to maintain normal levels of IGF-I. 0 Laron syndrome, growth hormone receptor deficiency, insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 相似文献
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97.
Blood loss and replacement in total hip arthroplasty: a multicenter study. The Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation Study Group 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To determine blood loss, the number of transfusions, and the hemoglobin levels achieved in patients via transfusion in the course of total hip arthroplasty, 324 patient records from 1987 through 1989 were reviewed at three university and three community hospitals. Calculated blood loss was 3.2 +/- 1.3 units in primary procedures and 4.0 +/- 2.1 units in revision procedures (mean +/- SD). Of 777 red cell units transfused, 455 (59%) were autologous units. Transfused patients received 2.0 +/- 1.8 units for primary procedures and 2.9 +/- 2.3 units for revision procedures (mean +/- SD). The maximum number of units given to 95 percent of the transfused patients was 4 for primary procedures and 6 for revision procedures. The mean postoperative hemoglobin level after all transfusions was 103 to 110 g per L, regardless of patient age group of physical status, autologous donor status, or hospital. No difference in length of hospital stay was observed for patients less than 65 years old with hemoglobin concentrations of 80 to 139 g per L at discharge. 相似文献
98.
WOLFRAM GRIMM JÜRGEN HOFFMANN ULRICH KÖHLER JÖRG HEITMANN JÖRG H. PETER PETER VON WICHERT BERNHARD MAISCH 《Journal of sleep research》1995,4(S1):160-165
SUMMARY Twelve patients (aged 48 ± 12 y) with ventricular asystole of >3s due to complete atrioventricular (AV) block ( n = 8), sinoatrial (SA) block or sinus node arrest ( n = 3) or both ( n = 1) associated with obstructive sleep apnoea underwent invasive electrophysiological evaluation of sinus node function and AV conduction properties before and after administration of atropine (0.02 mg kg-1 ). Ventricular asystole lasted for 5.9 ± 2.8 s (range 3.1–13 s). Sinus node function was assessed by measurement of sinus node recovery time, sinoatrial conduction time, and the response of sinus rate to atropine. Parameters of AV-conduction assessment included AH- and HV-intervals, AV- and VA-Wenckebach periods, and effective refractory period of the AV node before and after atropine. Sinus node function was normal in 11 of the 12 study patients and moderately abnormal in 1 patient. AV-nodal function was normal in 8 patients and moderately abnormal in 4 patients. A slightly prolonged HV-interval (59–63 ms) was present in 6 patients. Intra- or infra His block was not observed in any patient. In conclusion, normal or only moderately abnormal electrophysiological findings in patients with sleep apnoea-associated ventricular asystole suggest that a neurally mediated cardioinhibitory reflex may cause ventricular asystole in these patients. This sleep apnoea-triggered 'vasovagal' reflex may unmask pre-existing mild to moderate structural abnormalities of the AV conduction system. 相似文献
99.
100.
Jeffrey G. Ojemann Savannah C. Partridge Andrew V. Poliakov Toba N. Niazi Dennis W. Shaw Gisele E. Ishak Amy Lee Samuel R. Browd J. Russell Geyer Richard G. Ellenbogen 《Child's nervous system》2013,29(11):2071-2077