全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4032篇 |
免费 | 280篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 24篇 |
儿科学 | 123篇 |
妇产科学 | 99篇 |
基础医学 | 676篇 |
口腔科学 | 59篇 |
临床医学 | 415篇 |
内科学 | 807篇 |
皮肤病学 | 95篇 |
神经病学 | 429篇 |
特种医学 | 101篇 |
外科学 | 374篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 424篇 |
眼科学 | 32篇 |
药学 | 284篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 360篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 35篇 |
2021年 | 84篇 |
2020年 | 46篇 |
2019年 | 76篇 |
2018年 | 81篇 |
2017年 | 56篇 |
2016年 | 74篇 |
2015年 | 87篇 |
2014年 | 101篇 |
2013年 | 229篇 |
2012年 | 250篇 |
2011年 | 229篇 |
2010年 | 161篇 |
2009年 | 154篇 |
2008年 | 244篇 |
2007年 | 275篇 |
2006年 | 261篇 |
2005年 | 291篇 |
2004年 | 212篇 |
2003年 | 247篇 |
2002年 | 242篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 46篇 |
1998年 | 55篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 48篇 |
1995年 | 45篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 14篇 |
1963年 | 10篇 |
1961年 | 10篇 |
1960年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有4335条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
121.
Miguel A. Macías-Islas Isaac F. Soria-Cedillo Merced Velazquez-Quintana Victor M. Rivera Verónica I. Baca-Muro Edith A. Lemus-Carmona Erwin Chiquete 《Acta neurologica Belgica》2013,113(4):415-420
Limited data exist on the costs of care of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in low- to middle-income nations. The purpose of this study was to describe the economic burden associated with care of Mexican patients with relapsing-remitting MS in a representative sample of the largest institution of the Mexican public healthcare system. We analysed individual data of 492 patients (67 % women) with relapsing-remitting MS registered from January 2009 to February 2011 at the Mexican Social Security Institute. Direct costs were measured about the use of diagnostic tests, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), symptoms control, medical consultations, relapses, intensive care and rehabilitation. Four groups were defined according to DMT alternatives: (1) interferon beta (IFNβ)-1a, 6 million units (MU); (2) IFNβ-1a, 12MU; (3) IFNβ-1b, 8MU; and (4) glatiramer acetate. All patients received DMTs for at least 1 year. The most frequently used DMT was glatiramer acetate (45.5 %), followed by IFNβ-1a 12MU (22.6 %), IFNβ-1b 8MU (20.7 %), and IFNβ-1a 6MU (11.2 %). The mean cost of a specialised medical consultation was €74.90 (US $107.00). A single relapse had a mean total cost of €2,505.97 (US $3,579.96). No differences were found in annualised relapse rates and costs of relapses according to DMT. However, a significant difference was observed in total annual costs according to treatment groups (glatiramer acetate being the most expensive), mainly due to differences in unitary costs of alternatives. From the public institutional perspective, when equipotent DMTs are used in patients with comparable characteristics, the costs of DMTs largely determine the total expenses associated with care of patients with relapsing-remitting MS in a middle-income country. 相似文献
122.
123.
Good outcome after liver transplantation for ALD without a 6 months abstinence rule prior to transplantation including post‐transplant CDT monitoring for alcohol relapse assessment – a retrospective study
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Transplant international》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dagmar Kollmann Susanne Rasoul‐Rockenschaub Irene Steiner Edith Freundorfer Georg Philipp Györi Gerd Silberhumer Thomas Soliman Gabriela Andrea Berlakovich 《Transplant international》2016,29(5):559-567
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the second most common indication for liver transplantation (LT). The utility of fixed intervals of abstinence prior to listing is still a matter of discussion. Furthermore, post‐LT long‐term observation is challenging, and biomarkers as carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) may help to identify alcohol relapse. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients receiving LT for ALD from 1996 to 2012. A defined period of alcohol abstinence prior to listing was not a precondition, and abstinence was evaluated using structured psychological interviews. A total of 382 patients received LT for ALD as main (n = 290) or secondary (n = 92) indication; median follow‐up was 73 months (0–213). One‐ and five‐year patient survival and graft survival rates were 82% and 69%, and 80% and 67%, respectively. A total of 62 patients (16%) experienced alcohol relapse. Alcohol relapse did not have a statistically significant effect on patient survival (P = 0.10). Post‐transplant CDT measurements showed a sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 85%, respectively. In conclusion, this large single‐center analysis showed good post‐transplant long‐term results in patients with ALD when applying structured psychological interviews before listing. Relapse rates were lower than those reported in the literature despite using a strict definition of alcohol relapse. Furthermore, post‐LT CDT measurement proved to be a useful supplementary tool for detecting alcohol relapse. 相似文献
124.
Laser and electron‐beam powder‐bed additive manufacturing of metallic implants: A review on processes,materials and designs
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of orthopaedic research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Swee Leong Sing Jia An Wai Yee Yeong Florencia Edith Wiria 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2016,34(3):369-385
Additive manufacturing (AM), also commonly known as 3D printing, allows the direct fabrication of functional parts with complex shapes from digital models. In this review, the current progress of two AM processes suitable for metallic orthopaedic implant applications, namely selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are presented. Several critical design factors such as the need for data acquisition for patient‐specific design, design dependent porosity for osteo‐inductive implants, surface topology of the implants and design for reduction of stress‐shielding in implants are discussed. Additive manufactured biomaterials such as 316L stainless steel, titanium‐6aluminium‐4vanadium (Ti6Al4V) and cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) are highlighted. Limitations and future potential of such technologies are also explored. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:369–385, 2016. 相似文献
125.
Christine Dehlendorf Edith Fox Lauren Sobel Sonya Borrero 《Current obstetrics and gynecology reports》2016,5(1):55-63
Patient centeredness is an increasingly recognized aspect of quality health care. The application of this framework to contraceptive counseling and care has not been well described. We propose a definition of patient-centered contraceptive counseling that focuses on and prioritizes each patient’s individual needs and preferences regarding contraceptive methods and the counseling experience. Guided by this definition, we review recent research that has advanced our understanding of how patient-centered contraceptive counseling can be delivered in practice, focusing on how women decide on a contraceptive method, their preferences for counseling, and their experiences with counseling. This research provides evidence that women have diverse preferences around attributes of their contraceptive methods and value personal, supportive relationships with their family planning providers that focus on their individual preferences. We discuss the implications of this research for practice and review recent interventions that incorporate patient centeredness to varying degrees. 相似文献
126.
Jason?C.?LevineEmail author Edith?Burns Jeffrey?Whittle Raymond?Fleming Paul?Knudson Steve?Flax Howard?Leventhal 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2016,39(6):1001-1008
Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been recommended for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This trial tested an automated self-management monitor (ASMM) that reminds patients to perform SMBG, provides feedback on results of SMBG, and action tips for improved self-management. This delayed-start trial randomized participants to using the ASMM immediately (IG), or following a delay of 6 months (DG). Glycated hemoglobin (HgbA1c) level and survey data was collected at home visits every 3 months. 44 diabetic men and women, mean age 70, completed the 12-month trial. Baseline HgbA1c was 8.1 % ± 1.0, dropping to 7.3 ± 1.0 by 9 months, with a 3-month lag in the DG (F = 3.56, p = 0.004). Decrease in HgbA1c was significantly correlated to increased frequency of SMBG, R = 0.588, p < 0.01. Providing older diabetics with objective immediate contingent feedback resulted in more frequent SMBG that correlated with better glycemic control. This type of technology may provide real-time feedback not only to patient users, but to the health care system, allowing better integration of provider recommendations with patient-centered action. 相似文献
127.
128.
Impact of natural killer cell dose and donor killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotype on outcome following human leucocyte antigen-identical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Clausen J Wolf D Petzer AL Gunsilius E Schumacher P Kircher B Gastl G Nachbaur D 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2007,148(3):520-528
To define the role of quantitative graft composition and donor killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotype in clinical outcome following unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings, 43 consecutive transplants for haematological malignancies were analysed retrospectively. Twenty-four patients underwent myeloablative conditioning and 19 received busulphan/fludarabine-based reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). In patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS; n = 18), no relapse occurred following transplants meeting both a high (above median) natural killer (NK) cell count and missing HLA-ligand(s) to donor's KIR(s), compared to all other AML/MDS patients (0% versus 44%; P = 0.049). Missing HLA-B and/or HLA-C ligand combined with missing HLA-A3/11 (KIR3DL2 unblocked) predicted for reduced relapse incidence regardless of diagnosis or conditioning type (P = 0.028). Moreover, in AML/MDS patients, this constellation predicted superior overall survival (OS) (P = 0.046). Transplants with more than two different activating donor KIRs were associated with an increased risk for non-relapse mortality (NRM), both by univariate and multivariate analysis. Quantitative graft composition had a significant impact exclusively in RIC transplants. Here, a trend towards reduced relapse incidence was found in patients receiving high numbers of NK cells (16% versus 54%; P = 0.09). In patients receiving high versus low T cell numbers, OS was superior (83% versus 37%; P = 0.01), due mainly to reduced NRM (0% versus 33%; P = 0.046). By multivariate analysis, relapse risk was decreased significantly in patients receiving high NK cell numbers (P = 0.039). These data suggest that both the number of transplanted NK cells and the donor KIR genotype play a role in graft-versus-malignancy mechanisms in HLA-identical PBSCT. 相似文献
129.
Nathalie Dujardin Edith Staes Yogeshvar Kalia Peter Clarys Richard Guy Veronique Préat 《Journal of controlled release》2002,79(1-3):219-227
The application of short-duration high-voltage pulses to the skin has been shown to enhance transdermal drug delivery by several orders of magnitude and to transiently permeabilize cells in tissue. Both exponentially decaying (ED) pulses and square wave (SW) pulses have been applied. The latter have also been used for electrochemotherapy. To date, their effect on skin integrity has not been analyzed. The scope of this work was (i) to investigate the effect induced by SW pulses on the stratum corneum and the skin, (ii) to evaluate the safety issue associated with electroporation, (iii) to contribute to the understanding of drug transport. Biophysical techniques (transepidermal water loss, chromametry, impedance and laser Doppler velocimetry or imaging measurement) and histological methods were combined to provide a global picture of the effects. Ten SW pulses applied to the skin induced a mild impairment of the skin barrier function and a dramatic decrease in skin resistance. These changes were reversible. A transient decrease (<5 min) in blood flow was observed. Neither inflammation, nor necroses were observed. These studies confirm the tolerance of the skin to square wave pulses in vivo. 相似文献
130.
Thorsten Mikoteit Johannes Beck Anne Eckert Ulrich Hemmeter Serge Brand Roland Bischof Edith Holsboer-Trachsler Alexandra Delini-Stula 《Psychopharmacology》2014,231(15):2955-2965