Managing to care: the importance of using existing information to guide service provision for informal carers

All managerial deciions are taken on the basis of the information. It is important that managers use appropriate information to base their decisions upon about service provision to ensure erhcient use or resources. This basic premise serves as a framework for examining how quantitative and qualitative information can be of help to nurse managers in taking these decisions in the context of developing services for informal carers. The current emphasis on surveys as a means of assessing client need is questioned, and it is suggested that a wealth of evidence, relating to the experience of carers, already exists. Examples of accounts which express the needs of informal carers are presented and their utility, in terms of highlighting the carers' perspective, is discussed to reinforce the importance of utilizing this information. The paper concludes that nurse managers can use these sources as a basis for decision-making in the area of service provision and this may result in a more effective use of resources through a needs-based approach.     

Managing nurses and nursing: short courses as role development

This paper describes the development over a 3-year-period of short management courses for registered nurses offered as part of a professional development educational programme by Oxfordshire Health Authority (OHA) Clinical Education and Practice Team (OXCEPT). The courses were seen as role development for staff nurses, team leaders, sisters, charge nurses and senior sisters, and the content and length of courses were altered, extended and developed in response to evaluation of the courses by tutors and participants. The emphasis is on integrating participants' clinical, managerial and educational roles, as professional practitioners managing nurses and nursing.     

Senile Macular Degeneration – The Effects and Management: The Pathological Processes

ABSTRACT This paper, the second in the series on the effects and management of senile macular degeneration (SMD), presents an overview of the pathological processes in the evolution of SMD. The normal macula is first defined and the ageing and degenerative changes which can occur are then described. The histological changes are related to the clinical observations of pigmentary disturbance in the development of either geographic atrophy or disciform macular degeneration. The importance of the appearance of drusen as an indicator of the stage of degeneration is detailed.