11例急性早幼粒细胞性白血病全反式维甲酸治疗疗效观察

目的观察11例急性早幼粒细胞性白血病患者经全反式维甲酸治疗后的临床效果。方法予全反式维甲酸40～60mg/d,持续服药至缓解,缓解后与化疗药物序贯治疗,用药前后检察患者血象及骨髓象。结果用全反式维甲酸诱导缓解率达91%,达缓解天数平均44d,所需维甲酸总剂量2648mg。结论全反式维甲酸对急性早幼粒细胞性白血病患者的预后有很大改善。     

Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Preventing Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Cancer Patients: A Network Meta-analysis

Objective Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity(OIPN) is the main limitation for its continuation in cancer patients.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) have been used to prevent OIPN in China and have been demonstrated to be effective.However,due to the lack of direct comparison among TCMs,it remains unclear that which TCM is the best for OIPN prevention.Consequently,the present study aimed to compare the relative efficacies of TCMs to find out the best TCM by applying a network meta-analysis.Methods Studies were identified by searching PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Libraries,CNKI,WanFang,and WeiPu database from January 1990 to May2016.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of TCMs in preventing OIPN in cancer patients were included.Statistical analysis was performed with ADDIS 1.1 6.6.Results Twenty-five RCTs(1572 patients) involving five TCMs were included.The results of network meta-analyses showed that compared with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy alone,the combination with Huangqi Injection(HQI),Shenmai Injection(SMI),Shenfu Injection(SFI),Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BHD),and Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction(HGWD) could decrease the overall OIPN incidence and the severe OIPN incidence in cancer patients.In addition,probability ranking results showed the order of efficacy in preventing overall OIPN incidence was HQI HGWD SFI =SMI BHD,while the order of efficacy in preventing severe OIPN incidence was HQI HGWD BHD SFI = SMI.Conclusion All five TCMs are effective neuroprotective agents against OIPN.Among these TCMs,HQI and HGWD were superior to others in clinical efficacy.Moreover,Astragalus membranaceus might be a more promising herb for the OIPN prevention.However,more direct head-to-head RCTs with high quality and large sample size are still needed to further confirm the conclusion.     

A five‐CpG DNA methylation score to predict metastatic‐lethal outcomes in men treated with radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer

Background

Prognostic biomarkers for localized prostate cancer (PCa) could improve personalized medicine. Our group previously identified a panel of differentially methylated CpGs in primary tumor tissue that predict disease aggressiveness, and here we further validate these biomarkers.

Methods

Pyrosequencing was used to assess CpG methylation of eight biomarkers previously identified using the HumanMethylation450 array; CpGs with strongly correlated (r >0.70) results were considered technically validated. Logistic regression incorporating the validated CpGs and Gleason sum was used to define and lock a final model to stratify men with metastatic‐lethal versus non‐recurrent PCa in a training dataset. Coefficients from the final model were then used to construct a DNA methylation score, which was evaluated by logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses in an independent testing dataset.

Results

Five CpGs were technically validated and all were retained (P < 0.05) in the final model. The 5‐CpG and Gleason sum coefficients were used to calculate a methylation score, which was higher in men with metastatic‐lethal progression (P = 6.8 × 10^?6) in the testing dataset. For each unit increase in the score there was a four‐fold increase in risk of metastatic‐lethal events (odds ratio, OR = 4.0, 95%CI = 1.8–14.3). At 95% specificity, sensitivity was 74% for the score compared to 53% for Gleason sum alone. The score demonstrated better prediction performance (AUC = 0.91; pAUC = 0.037) compared to Gleason sum alone (AUC = 0.87; pAUC = 0.025).

Conclusions

The DNA methylation score improved upon Gleason sum for predicting metastatic‐lethal progression and holds promise for risk stratification of men with aggressive tumors. This prognostic score warrants further evaluation as a tool for improving patient outcomes.

     

Intermittent Pringle Versus Continuous Half-Pringle Maneuver for Laparoscopic Liver Resections of Tumors in Segment 7

Segment 7 is considered an unfavorable portion for laparoscopic hepatectomy because of technical difficulties in exposure and controlling bleeding. We compared intermittent Pringle with continuous half-Pringle maneuver in laparoscopic liver resections of tumors in segment 7. A retrospective analysis was conducted in a total of 36 consecutive patients with tumors in segment 7 undergoing laparoscopic liver resections between July 2011 and February 2016 (16 in the Pringle group versus 20 in the half-Pringle group). The two groups were well matched in baseline characteristics. The operative time (274.5?±?34.3 versus 237.6?±?41.8 min), overall declamping time (28.4?±?8.6 versus 2.3?±?2.5 min), and ischemic duration (69.7?±?16.5 versus 52.7?±?13.2 min) were significantly longer in the Pringle group (P?<?0.05). The amount of intraoperative blood loss (612.5?±?222.3 versus 417.4?±?163.8 mL) and transfusion (335.2?±?58.7 versus 224.8?±?76.2 mL) was significantly greater in the Pringle group (P?<?0.05). The Pringle group was associated with significantly lower postoperative albumin and higher C-reactive protein levels on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 (P?<?0.05). Laparoscopic hepatectomy for tumors in segment 7 can be performed safely and effectively with successful exposure of surgical field and proper hepatic blood flow occlusion. Continuous half-Pringle maneuver offers the advantages of less operative time and blood loss, less injury, and better recovery.     

冰敷对不同血脂水平高热大鼠降温效果的实验研究

目的探索冰敷对不同血脂水平高热大鼠降温效果的影响,为不同血脂水平的高热患者实施冷疗提供参考。方法将同一批大鼠随机分为高脂组和对照组,每组10只。高脂组采用高脂饲料饲养,对照组采用普通饲料饲养。饲养3周后采用20%干酵母混悬液将其致热,致热成功后将大鼠麻醉,再使用10mL清水冰袋对其颈部和腋下冰敷30min。冰敷结束0、15、30、45、60、75、90、120、180、240、300、360min监测两组大鼠体温。体温观察结束采集两组大鼠血液检测血脂水平。结果两组大鼠血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。冰敷结束45min内高脂组体温显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论使用高脂饲料喂养大鼠可在短期内改变血脂状况。血脂水平对降温效果有一定影响,血脂水平高者降温效果差。冰敷过程中针对血脂水平高者应适当增加冰袋或延长冰敷时间,以达到更好的降温效果。     

MicroRNA-466a-3p attenuates allergic nasal inflammation in mice by targeting GATA3

Allergic rhinitis is thought to be an allergic disease associated with immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated immune response, characterized by increased T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production, elevated eosinophil levels in the nasal mucosa and induced nasal secretions. MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray data revealed that the expression level of miR-466a-3p was significantly decreased. Notably, GATA binding protein (GATA-3) was identified as one of its target genes through miRNA target prediction web tools. The expression levels of miR-466a-3p were altered by mimics and lentivirus both in vivo and in vitro, similar to those of GATA-3. Furthermore, the symptoms and histology of allergic rhinitis as well as the levels of serum IgE and interleukin (IL)-4 were examined in different groups of mice. Interestingly, the results for lentiviral miR-466a-3p-treated allergic rhinitis mice were relatively similar to normal mice, compared to allergic rhinitis mice without treatment. Also, miR-466a-3p negatively regulated GATA-3 expression in allergic rhinitis mice, indicating the participant of Th2-cell responses in allergic rhinitis. Taken together, our findings highlight a new perspective on the role of miR-466a-3p in allergic rhinitis. In addition, this study provides a theoretical framework and experimental reference for future research targeting microRNAs as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers of allergic rhinitis.     

A novel heterozygous variant p.(Trp538Arg) of SYNM is identified by whole‐exome sequencing in a Chinese family with dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a relatively frequent myocardial disease that may lead to heart failure, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. Genetic factors play important roles in the etiology of the disease. To date, at least 50 genes have been identified in patients with DCM, among them, only three mutations have been reported in Synemin (SYNM) gene. In this study, we investigate a Chinese family of three generations with four patients with DCM. Employing whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics strategies, a novel heterozygous missense mutation p.(Trp538Arg) of SYNM was identified and cosegregated with the affected family members. The missense mutation locates in the C‐terminal domain of SYNM and leads to a substitution of tryptophan by arginine and may cause the structure change of synemin protein. In conclusion, we employed WES to detect the mutations of DCM patients and identified a novel likely pathogenic mutation in SYNM gene. Our study not only expands the spectrum of SYNM mutations, it further confirms that mutations in SYMN may underlie nonfamilial DCM, and offers genetic testing information to additional DCM patients.