菠萝叶药用成分的研究进展

摘 要菠萝叶,即菠萝的叶片,具有多种药用价值,包括抗肿瘤、降血糖、调血脂、保护心脏等药理作用,可用于预防和治疗多种疾病。诸多研究表明,菠萝叶不良反应小,安全性高。本文重点介绍菠萝叶的化学成分、药用价值、毒性和安全性及对其质量的研究进展。     

Impact of varying ablation patterns in a simulation model of persistent atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Several strategies of endovascular ablation with varying success rates and proarrhythmic effects have been proposed to treat persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Evaluation of ablation patterns by computer simulation provides a tool for examination of its effectiveness and side effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: A biophysical model of the human atria based on magnetic resonance imaging derived geometry and a membrane kinetics model was used. Uniform conduction properties were assigned to the monolayer surface representing the atria. After induction of AF by burst pacing, progressively broader ablation patterns were applied: (A) individual pulmonary vein isolation (PVI); (B) double ipsilateral PVI; (C) double PVI with a roofline; (D) double PVI with a lateral mitral isthmus line, and (E) double PVI with both linear lesions. In addition, the influence of incomplete linear lesions and dilated atria were simulated. The incidence of AF termination was found to increase from pattern (A) to (E). Atrial flutter rate increased with incomplete ablations and in dilated atria. CONCLUSION: Computer simulation of various ablation patterns in persistent AF is feasible and can reproduce clinical results of catheter ablation. This model can be used to develop and simulate new ablation patterns and anticipate success rates and potential adverse effects.     

Single-Port Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Duodenal Ulcers

Background

Laparoscopic single-port surgery has widely been introduced for the treatment of various abdominal conditions. But controversies still exist regarding its potential advantages and risks, especially for emergency surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of a single-port laparoscopic repair using straight laparoscopic instruments for the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcers.

Methods

A prospective consecutive case series was conducted including all patients with a perforated duodenal ulcer who underwent a laparoscopic single-port repair at a single institution from January 2012 to June 2018. The operation was performed through a single port using conventional straight laparoscopic instruments and intra-corporeal knot tying techniques.

Results

Out of 75 patients, simple closure of the perforation without omental patch was accomplished in 96% of cases. Conversion to an open operation was required in one patient (1.3%) due to a posterior duodenal perforation, and additional trocar placement was needed in another patient (1.3%). The mean incision length was 2.0 ± 0.2 cm. The mean operation time was 63.0 ± 26.6 min. Meantime a nasogastric tube remained in place was 2.9 ± 0.8 days. Mean duration of analgesic use was 2.8 ± 0.8 days. The rate of postoperative complications was 2.7%, including two patients with wound infections. There were no instances of intestinal leak or abscess. The postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 ± 1.2 days.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic single-port repair using conventional straight laparoscopic instruments with intra-corporeal knot tying technique was safe and feasible for patients with perforated duodenal ulcers with low risk factors. This method offers results comparable to those expected with the standard multiport laparoscopic approach with the addition of improved cosmetic outcomes.

     

皮质下动脉硬化性脑病伴发抑郁的治疗分析

目的:观察抗抑郁治疗对皮质下动脉硬化性脑病伴发抑郁症患者抑郁症状、神经功能缺损及日常生活能力的改善情况。方法:选择2002-01/2005-06来自于河南省人民医院神经科门诊和住院的患者110例,随机分为米氮平治疗组(n=38),阿米替林治疗组(n=36)、对照组(n=36),各组均行常规神经营养药物和促智药物治疗,米氮平治疗组同时口服米氮平30mg/次,1次/晚;阿米替林组同时口服阿米替林25mg/次,分早晚两次口服,最大剂量为100mg/d,总疗程均为12～24周,治理期间不合并其他抗抑郁或精神障碍药。治疗前、治疗后1,2,4、8,12周及6个月分别采用汉密顿抑郁量表评定患者的抑郁症状。于治疗前及治疗后12周、6个月进行神经功能缺损和日常生活能力评定。记录治疗期间米氮平治疗组和阿米替林治疗组不良反应发生情况。并于6个月对各组患者的并发症及预后进行评定。结果:纳入患者110例,由于调查过程中停药、失访、患并发症、死亡等原因,米氮平治疗组、阿米替林治疗组和对照组分别脱落5、6和6例,分别进入结果分析33、30和30例。①汉密顿抑郁量表评分结果:米氮平治疗组在治疗第1,2,4,8,12周及6个月时汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分均明显低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01～0.05),阿米替林组在治疗后第2,4,8,12周及6个月时汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01～0.05)。②神经功能缺损及日常生活能力评定。结果:米氮平治疗组及阿米替林治疗组在治疗后第12周、6个月时神经功能缺损评分均明显低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01～0.05),日常生活能力得分明显高于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01～0.05)。③不良反应发生情况:治疗期间米氮平导致口干、便秘、视力模糊、恶心、呕吐、心电图异常、尿潴留等不良反应发生情况明显少于阿米替林治疗组(P<0.01～0.05)。④各组治疗后并发症及预后比较:对照组肺部感染、尿路感染、脑卒中、心血管事件的发生率高于米氮平治疗组、阿米替林治疗组(P<0.01～0.05),其死亡率也明显增高(P<0.01～0.05)。结论:抗抑郁治疗能有效改善皮质下动脉硬化性脑病伴抑郁的症状,有利于患者神经功能康复,提高生活能力,减少并发症,米氮平治疗副反应少,更安全。     

Joint instability and cartilage compression in a mouse model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis

Joint instability and cartilage trauma have been previously studied and identified as key mediators in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). The purpose of this study was to use an in vivo model to compare the effect of joint instability, caused by the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), versus cartilage compression. In this study, mice were subjected to cyclical axial loads of twelve Newtons (N) for 240 cycles or until the ACL ruptured. One and eight weeks after this procedure, knees were sectioned coronally and evaluated for osteoarthritis by histology. Using a scoring scale established by [Pritzker K, Gay S, Jimenez S, et al. (2006): Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14:13–29], the articular cartilage across each surface was scored and combined to produce a total degeneration score. The ACL‐ruptured group had a significantly greater total degeneration score than either control or compression treated joints at 1 and 8 weeks. Additionally, only sections from ACL‐ruptured knees consistently showed synovitis after 1 week and osteophyte formation after 8 weeks. Thus, it appears using that ACL rupture consistently creates a severe osteoarthritis phenotype, while axial cartilage compression alone does not appear to be an appropriate method of inducing PTOA in vivo. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:318–323, 2014.     

Alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates nicotine-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression in non-small cell lung cancer

By binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), nicotine induces the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have indicated that α5-nAChR is highly associated with lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence. However, the mechanisms through which α5-nAChRs may influence lung carcinogenesis are far from clear. In the present study, we investigated the roles of α5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of α5-nAChR and HIF-1α in 60 specimens of lung cancer and para-carcinoma tissue. The correlations between the expression levels of α5-nAChR and HIF-1α and other clinicopathological data were analyzed. In a cell line that highly expressed α5-nAChR, the loss of α5-nAChR function by siRNA was used to study whether α5-nAChR is involved in the nicotine-induced expression of HIF-1α and VEGF through the activation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Cell growth was detected using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). α5-nAChR (78.3%) and HIF-1α (88.3%) were both overexpressed in NSCLC, and their expression levels were found to be correlated with each other (P < 0.05). In the A549 cell line, α5-nAChR and HIF-1α were found to be expressed under normal conditions, and their expression levels were significantly increased in response to nicotine treatment. The silencing of α5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These results show that the α5-nAChR/HIF-1α/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that α5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.     

A simple fluorescent assay for cyromazine detection in raw milk by using CYR-stabilized G-quadruplex formation

A rapid biosensor for the detection of cyromazine in milk is reported based on a fluorescence quenching result. When an FAM labelled G-rich ssDNA Tcy2 is treated with cyromazine, it can form a G-quadruplex-CYR complex and cause a change in fluorescence. As a result, the presence of cyromazine can be determined by fluorescence quenching. This sensor is selective for the detection of cyromazine in raw milk and has a limit of detection of 0.68 ppb and a detection range from 0 to 200 ppb.

A rapid biosensor for the detection of cyromazine in milk is reported based on a fluorescence quenching result.     

Size Effects in Internal Friction of Nanocrystalline Aluminum Films

Al thin film is extensively used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and electronic interconnections; however, most previous research has concentrated on their quasi-static properties and applied their designs on larger scales. The present study designed a paddle-like cantilever specimen with metal films deposited on the upper surface to investigate the quasi-static properties of Al thin film at room temperature under high vacuum conditions at microscopic scales. Energy loss was determined using a decay technique in the oscillation amplitude of a vibrating structure following resonant excitation. Grain size and film thickness size were strictly controlled considering the quasi-static properties of the films. This study found that the internal friction of ultra-thin and thin Al films was more dependent on the grain boundaries than film thickness.     

胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物的脑保护作用

胰高血糖样肽1是一种肠促胰岛素,它通过促进胰岛素的释放,抑制胰高血糖素分泌、胰岛β细胞增殖、延缓胃排空等多种途径发挥降糖作用。在临床上胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物已用于2型糖尿病的治疗。近年来,研究发现胰高血糖样肽1受体不仅分布于胰腺中,在人和动物的脑中也有广泛分布,胰高血糖样肽1及其类似物具有脑保护作用,预示着他们有可能成为治疗中枢神经系统疾病的新型药物。