上海市生活垃圾内河集装箱运输优势的探讨

对上海市生活垃圾的运输河道进行水质取样分析,讨论内河集装箱运输模式的优势及其改善水体状况的作用。     

Gender difference in acquired seizure susceptibility in adult rats after early complex febrile seizures

Gender differences are involved in many neurological disorders including epilepsy. However, little is known about the effect of gender difference on the risk of epilepsy in adults with a specific early pathological state such as complex febrile seizures（FSs） in infancy. Here we used a well-established complex FS model in rats and showed that：（1） the susceptibility to seizures induced by hyperthermia, pentylenetetrazol（PTZ）, and maximal electroshock（MES） was similar in male and female rat pups, while males were more susceptible to PTZ- and MES-induced seizures than age-matched females in normal adult rats;（2） adult rats with complex FSs in infancy acquired higher seizure susceptibility than normal rats; importantly, female FS rats were more susceptible to PTZ and MES than male FS rats; and（3） the protein expression of interleukin-1β, an infl ammatory factor associated with seizure susceptibility, was higher in adult FS females than in males, which may reflect a gender-difference phenomenon of seizure susceptibility. Our results provide direct evidence that the acquired seizure susceptibility after complex FSs is gender-dependent.     

左房功能指数评价左室射血分数正常心力衰竭的价值

目的 评价左房功能指数（LAFI）在左室射血分数正常心力衰竭（HFNEF）诊断中的价值.方法 选取HFNEF患者110例,按纽约心脏病协会（NYHA）心功能分级分为NYHAⅡ级组（43例）、NYHAⅢ级组（40例）和NYHAⅣ级组（27例）,另选择健康体检者33例作为对照组.均行超声心动图检查,并计算LAFI和舒张早期二尖瓣血流速度/舒张早期二尖瓣环运动速度（E/E’）,同期行血浆脑钠肽（BNP）测定,观察LAFI与NYHA心功能分级之间的关系,及LAFI与血浆BNP、E/E,的相关性.结果 心功能越差,血浆BNP、E/E’越高,LAFI越低,差异均有统计学意义[对照组：（40.9±26.1） ng/L,6.4±2.0,0.73±0.10,NYHAⅡ级组：（230.1±85.9） ng/L,10.0±3.7,0.46±0.30,NYHAⅢ级组：（398.6±98.7） ng/L、16.9±4.0,0.26±0.30,NYHAⅣ级组：（680.3±146.6） ng/L,23.8±3.9,0.17±0.20,P＜0.05].相关性分析结果显示HFNEF患者LAFI与血浆BNP、E/E’均呈负相关（r＝-0.868,-0.873,P＜0.01）.结论 HFNEF患者LAFI与左室舒张功能障碍有很好的相关性,LAFI能够很好地早期诊断和评价左室舒张功能.     

矿物粉尘诱导基因在恶性和结核性胸腔积液中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨矿物粉尘诱导基因（MDIG）在恶性和结核性胸腔积液中的表达情况及临床意义。方法收集确诊的54例恶性胸腔积液患者（恶性胸腔积液组）和50例结核性胸腔积液患者（结核性胸腔积液组）的胸腔积液标本。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组胸腔积液的MDIG蛋白浓度,反转录实时定量聚合酶链反应检测胸腔积液沉渣中的MDIGmRNA表达情况。通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）分析,评价MDIG蛋白和MDIGmRNA对诊断恶性胸腔积液的界值、敏感度、特异度等。通过Spearman相关性分析MDIG蛋白和MDIGmRNA的相关性。结果恶性胸腔积液组的MDIG蛋白明显高于结核性胸腔积液组[（304．38±228．47）ng／L比（44．43±40．57）ng／L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。恶性胸腔积液组MDIGmRNA明显高于结核性胸腔积液组（6．27±3．54比1．82±0．64）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。当诊断界值是114．23ng／L时,MDIG蛋白诊断恶性胸腔积液的敏感度和特异度分别为77．8％和94．0％。当诊断界值是2．75时,MDIGmRNA诊断恶性胸腔积液的敏感度和特异度分别为88．9％和92．0％。在恶性胸腔积液中,MDIG蛋白和MDIGmRNA表达具有相关性（r=0．915,P〈0．01）。结论MDIGmRNA和MDIG蛋白可在恶性胸腔积液中高水平表达,敏感度和特异度都较好。具有潜在诊断恶性胸腔积液的临床应用价值。     

3M透明敷料贴用于经股动脉穿刺全脑血管造影术的效果观察

目的探讨3M透明敷料贴用于预防经股动脉穿刺全脑血管造影术患者穿刺并发症的效果。方法回顾性分析200例经股动脉穿刺全脑血管造影术患者的临床资料。其中对照组为2012年2月至2013年2月未使用透明敷料贴患者80例,观察组为2013年3月至2014年2月使用3M^TMTegaderm^TM透明敷料贴固定动脉鞘患者120例。分析患者出现动脉鞘管折断、造影管折断、股动脉痉挛、穿刺处淤斑以及皮下血肿等并发症情况,评估使用3M透明敷料贴固定动脉鞘的可行性及有效性。结果观察组动脉鞘管折断、造影管折断、股动脉痉挛、穿刺处淤斑以及皮下血肿总并发症发生率明显低于对照组[5．8％（7／120）比26．2％（21／80）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论3M透明敷料贴价格低廉,安全性好,应用于固定股动脉穿刺鞘管可以有效减少股动脉穿刺相关并发症的发生,且操作方法简单,值得广泛推广使用。     

Subclinical infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices: Insights into the host–bacteria dialog from blood and pocket tissue with pyrosequencing

While bacteria exist in CIED patients without clinical signs of infection, the underlying bacterial community structure and diversity in the bloodstream and pocket tissue of asymptomatic CIED patients remain unknown. In this study, we performed high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA of blood and pocket tissue from 54 asymptomatic CIED patients as well as blood from 30 normal individuals (normal controls). Firstly, we observed a significant increase of blood bacterial diversity in patients as compared with blood of normal subjects or patient tissues. We also found significant differences in 13 blood-associated bacterial genera between patients and normal subjects, and 14 bacteria genera between blood and tissues within patients. Secondly, we found that the serum levels of four inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) in CIED patients were significantly higher than those in normal subjects. Thirdly, we found that there were significant correlations between 43 bacterial species and these inflammatory markers. Taken together, our results reveal a high diversity in the microbial community in CIED patients, and suggest the potential roles of multiple bacteria co-occurrence in the CIED subclinical infections.