Anti-obesity action of Salix matsudana leaves (Part 2). Isolation of anti-obesity effectors from polyphenol fractions of Salix matsudana

Previously, it was reported that polyphenol fractions prepared from the leaves of Salix matsudana reduced the elevation of the rat plasma triacylglycerol level at 3 and 4 h after oral administration of a lipid emulsion containing corn oil, at a dose of 570 mg/kg. Moreover, body weights at 2-9 weeks and the fi nal parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet with 5% polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves than in those fed the high-fat diet alone. The polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves also significantly reduced the hepatic total cholesterol content, which was elevated in mice fed the high-fat diet alone. In addition, the polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves inhibited palmitic acid uptake into brush border membrane vesicles prepared from rat jejunum and alpha-amylase activity, and their fractions enhanced norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells. To clarify the active substances inhibiting the palmitic acid uptake into small intestinal brush border membrane, the alpha-amylase activity or enhancing the norepinephrine-induced lipolyis in fat cells, the isolation of the active substances from polyphenol fraction was attempted using the above three assay systems. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were isolated from the polyphenol fractions and identified as apigenin-7-O-d-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside and chrysoeriol-7-O-d-glucoside, respectively. Among three flavonoids, apigenin-7-O-d-glucoside inhibited alpha-amylase activity, and luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside and chrysoeriol-7-O-d-glucoside inhibited palmitic acid uptake into small intestinal brush border membrane. Furthermore, three flavonoid glucosides enhanced norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells.     

COAPC方案联合脑部放射治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移

背景与目的：放射治疗具有治疗脑转移癌的主要手段。而到目前为止化疗与放疗联合治疗脑转移癌的研究较少,本研究旨在观察COAPC方案化疗与脑部放射同时治疗非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)脑转移患者疗效,不良反应及生存率。方法：45例NSCLC脑转移患者接受COAPC方案化疗,环磷酰胺0．3g/m^2第1天静推,长春新碱1．4mg/m^2第1天静推,阿霉素50mg/m^2第1天静推,顺铂20mg/m^2第1－5天静滴,司莫司汀80mg/m2第1天口服,每3－4周为1疗程,脑部放射治疗于化疗第1疗程的第6天开始,每次2Gy,每天1次,每周5天,脑转移灶1－3个者,全脑放疗40Gy后,缩野放疗至总量60Gy,脑转移灶＞3个者,全脑放疗至总量40Gy.结果：治疗后80％患者神经系统症状改善,对脑转移灶的客观有效率为64．4％,对肺原发灶的有效率为40％,治疗的主要不良反应为骨髓抑制(Ⅲ-Ⅳ度占35％）,中位生存期10个月,1年生存率44．1％,5年生存率6．7％,单纯脑转移患者的中位生存期14个月,高于多发远处转移患者的9个月（P＝0．012）。结论：化疗联合脑部放射治疗NSCLC脑转移患者有效率与生存率较高,且患者耐受性较好。     

乌鲁木齐市6-12岁儿童睡眠状况的流行病学研究

目的 了解乌鲁木齐市小学儿童的睡眠状况及其相关因素.方法 2005年11月-12月间在乌鲁木齐市3个行政区随机抽取l 853名6-12岁儿童,由专人负责对其家长进行家庭、社会环境与睡眠健康问卷调查.结果 乌鲁木齐市6-12岁儿童平均每天睡眠时间均明显低于国外标准,而各年龄组周末睡眠时间基本在正常范围;睡眠问题的发生率为55%.其中睡眠时辗转不安14.65%,梦呓4.76%,梦游1.47%,遗尿1.52%,磨牙5.72%,频繁打鼾12.85%,呼吸暂停0.49%,憋醒1.9%;影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素有:完成家庭作业所需时间、母乳喂养断乳时间、孩子吃晚餐时间等;睡眠问题发生的主要危险因素有:曾长期或近期服用某些药物、常患感冒、家庭人均住房面积、家族中有人有睡眠障碍、与父母同睡等.结论 乌鲁木齐市小学儿童睡眠时间不足,睡眠质量差.睡眠问题的发生率较高,应引起社会及家长的重视.造成儿童睡眠时间不足和睡眠问题的因素较多,对其防治还需进一步深入研究. [临床儿科杂志,2008,26(4):320-324]     

高产AmpC酶大肠埃希菌的分子生物学研究

目的研究医院临床分离的大肠埃希菌高产AmpC酶的流行情况和分子生物学特性。方法利用药敏试验常规纸片扩散法,以头孢西丁抑菌环直径≤17mm为标准筛选可疑产AmpC酶的大肠埃希菌株;三维实验确证AmpC酶;对AmpC酶阳性的菌株,采用多重PCR技术进行质粒AmpC酶的筛选并测序确定基因型别;对多重PCR阴性的大肠埃希菌进行染色体ampC启动子和衰减子的克隆、测序,分析其基因突变的特点。结果临床分离的586株大肠埃希菌中,头孢西丁抑菌环直径≤17mm的有10株占1.70%,酶粗提取物三维实验全部为阳性;其中4株大肠埃希菌质粒多重PCR阳性（0.07%）,为DHA-1型质粒AmpC酶;6株为染色体突变高产AmpC酶（1.02%）,启动子、衰减子基因克隆测序与大肠埃希菌K12比较,具有基因多态性的特点。结论分离的大肠埃希菌持续高产AmpC酶的耐药机制是获得DHA-1型质粒AmpC酶或染色体ampC启动子、衰减子基因突变导致。     

弱视眼高阶像差分析

目的 研究弱视儿童眼高阶像差的特点,分析高阶像差在弱视形成中的作用机制,为弱视治疗探寻新的依据.方法 利用客观像差仪对4组儿童眼的像差进行检测(分别为正视组25例,弱视治愈组63例,弱视组79例,难治性弱视组25例),并对弱视眼与正视眼的像差进行对比研究.结果 弱视组与正视组、弱视治愈组相比总高阶像差、各项像差均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);难治性弱视组总高阶像差为(0.30±0.12)μm、第5阶像差为(0.11±0.07)μm明显高于正视组的总高阶像差(0.25±0.12)μm和第5阶像差(0.06±0.04)μm(P＜0.05).而弱视治愈组的总高阶像差(0.27±0.14)μm 和第5阶像差(0.08±0.04)μm与正视组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 难治性弱视的形成与高阶像差有一定关系.     

经皮肾微造瘘气压弹道碎石取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的总结经皮肾微造瘘取石术（MPCNL）配合气压弹道碎石治疗复杂性肾结石的经验。方法本组复杂性肾结石患者53例，男29例，女24例；其中单侧复杂性肾结石45例，双侧8例。先采用经皮肾微造瘘气压弹道碎石取石术治疗，较大残留结行再行体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）。结果一次取石45例，二次取石3例，5例残留结石，配合ESWL，结石取净率93．4％。平均手术时间为95min，出血100-800ml，无大出血、尿瘘、气胸、假性尿液囊肿、腹腔脏器损伤等严重的并发症。结论MPCNL配合气压弹道碎石治疗复杂性肾结石安全、有效。具有损伤小、出血少、恢复快等的优点。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general adult population in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where many minorities of north China live. Methods Sampling surveywas performed in the residents aged 20 years and older in the Hulunbeir Prefecture. All the investigated subjects were tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); hematuria by microscopy of urinary sediment; and GFR estimated by modified MDRD equation for Chinese adults (eGFR). The related risk factors of CKD were also investigated. Results A total of 4522 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.11％, hematuria was 2.64％ and reduced eGFR [60 ml-min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] was 2.75％. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.90％; hyperglycemia 6.61％; hyperlipidemia 2.72％; increased waist 24.79％ and metabolic syndrome 15.02％. After the subjects with combined microalbuminuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR were excluded, the prevalence of CKD was 12.95％. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis showed increased age, increased waist, elevated systolic pressure, hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with albuminuria;increased age, elevated systolic pressure and hyperglycemia were independently associated with reduced eGFR; increased age was independently associated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of adult CKD is 12.95％ in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Independent risk factors of CKD include increased age, increased waist, hypertension,abnormal blood glucose or lipid, and metabolic syndrome.     

人硫酸酯酶1对生长因子介导的胰腺癌细胞生长的作用

目的:探讨人硫酸酯酶1对生长因子诱导下胰腺癌细胞生长作用的影响及其机制.方法:应用lipofectamine方法转染人硫酸酯酶1基因到低表达该基因的胰腺癌细胞Panc-1,通过Northern bloting筛选阳性转染的细胞克隆,并检测转染后胰腺癌细胞硫酸酯酶1的水平;应用噻唑氮蓝比色分析(MTT)法检测转染后胰腺癌细胞对生长因子作用的影响;应用Western bloting检测人硫酸酯酶1转染对生长因子受体与MAPK磷酸化水平的影响.结果:硫酸酯酶1稳定转染入Panc-1细胞后,Panc-1细胞稳定表达硫酸酯酶1 mRNA,并且硫酸酯酶1表达水平升高.FGF-2、HB-EGF、EGF均促进胰腺癌细胞Panc-1的生长,硫酸酯酶1基因转染后减弱FGF-2对细胞的生长促进作用,降低FGF-2所诱导的MAPK磷酸化水平,但对HB-EGF、EGF的作用无明显影响.结论:人硫酸酯酶1 转染减弱生长因子FGF-2所诱导的胰腺癌细胞的生长促进作用;人硫酸酯酶1可能参与胰腺癌的病理发生发展过程.     

悉生蚕的研究与应用

悉生蚕是指蚕体内外栖息的其他生物体是已知的蚕,不仅培育方法较哺乳动物简单,且彻底克服蚕的季节性和地域性饲育限制,为蚕在实验动物科学中的广泛应用打下基础。随着现代生物技术的发展,悉生蚕作为生物反应发生器或转基因工程动物的应用已逐步进入实用化研究阶段。     

云南省1139例美沙酮门诊受治者6个月HIV新发感染率调查

目的獉獉:了解云南省美沙酮门诊受治者HIV新发感染率及其影响因素。方法獉獉:于2008年10月招募HIV血清抗体阴性的美沙酮门诊受治者1139名进入队列,6个月后随访并进行血清学检测确定HIV新发感染率。将结果进行χ2检验及帕松回归分析。结果獉獉:6个月后随访894名调查对象,观察总人年为505.25人年,HIV阳转12人,HIV新发感染率为2.38/100人年。影响因素有:临沧地区门诊,"输入带有HIV的血液或血液制品会感染HIV"知识点答错,未了解或接受过免费安全套发放服务,了解或接受过机会性感染治疗、抗病毒治疗的调查对象HIV新发感染率较高。结论獉獉:美沙酮门诊受治者HIV新发感染率低于一般静脉吸毒人员。在美沙酮门诊加强艾滋病知识的培训,各种服务获得途径的宣传,以及扩大安全套免费发放的范围和数量,对于降低HIV新发感染率有意义。