TGF-β Induces Foxp3 + T-Regulatory Cells from CD4 + CD25 − Precursors

CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent suppressors, playing important roles in autoimmunity and transplantation tolerance. Understanding the signals necessary for the generation and expansion of Tregs is important for clinical cellular therapy, but only limited progress has been made. Recent reports suggest a role for TGF-beta in the generation of Tregs from CD4 + CD25 - precursors, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-beta2 triggers Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25 - precursors, and these Foxp3 + cells act like conventional Tregs. The generation of Foxp3 + Tregs requires stimulation of the T-cell receptor, the IL-2R and the TGF-beta receptor. More importantly, strong costimulation through CD28 prevents Foxp3 expression and suppressive function in an IL-4-dependent manner. Furthermore, TGF-beta-driven Tregs inhibit innate inflammatory responses to syngeneic transplanted pancreatic islets and enhance islet transplant survival. Thus, TGF-beta is a key regulator of the signaling pathways that initiate and maintain Foxp3 expression and suppressive function in CD4 + CD25 - precursors. TGF-beta and signaling through TGF-beta receptor, CD28 costimulation and IL-4 may be key components for the manipulation of Treg. The de novo generation of Foxp3 + cells from CD4 + cells has the potential to be used for treatment of autoimmune diseases and induction of transplant tolerance.     

A PCR-basedRapidNeutralizationAssay for GII.4 NorovirusInfection in HIEC6CellCulture

Because of limited viral replication and lack of cytopathic effect in cell culture,a new PCR-based rapid seroneutralization assay for detection of GII.4norovirus neutralized antibodies was developed with serum samples from acute-phase patients,convalescent-phase patients and healthy controls.According to this study,neutralizing antibodies were detected in 100% of     

L-NAME对实验性自身免疫性心肌炎的保护作用

目的观察NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对实验性自身免疫性心肌炎(EAM)Lewis大鼠模型的治疗效果,并探索可能的治疗机理。方法 20只Lewis大鼠建立EAM动物模型:双足底注射心肌C蛋白片段和完全弗氏辅佐剂的油状混合物,腹腔注射百日咳毒素。大鼠随机等分为治疗组和模型对照组,每组各10只。治疗组腹腔注射5 mg·kg-1·d-1L-NAME,从免疫注射术后第1天开始连续20 d,1次/d。对照组相同时间内给予相同剂量生理盐水腹腔注射。治疗结束后第1天处死动物,心脏取材,进行系列检测。其中组织病理学石蜡切片苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测心肌炎症分级,免疫组织化学染色检测T淋巴细胞浸润,天狼星红染色检测心肌胶原纤维含量,硝酸还原酶法检测NO水平,明胶酶谱法检测胶原酶活性。结果与对照组比较,L-NAME治疗组心肌炎症级别下降[(3.42±0.31)vs(2.51±0.22),P<0.01]、T淋巴细胞浸润数目减少[(28.2±4.6)vs(13.2±1.9),P<0.01]、心肌间质纤维化级别下降[(2.33±0.26)vs(1.14±0.17),P<0.01]、血清NO水平降低[(68.34±8.61)μmol/L vs(45.71±6.53)μmol/L,P<0.01],明胶酶活性降低[(254 526±4 729)vs(184 712±3 869),P<0.01]。结论 L-NAME抑制EAM病理发展过程,其机制可能与通过降低NO水平和明胶酶活性,从而降低心肌炎症细胞浸润,延缓心肌间质纤维化有关。     

Saber切口与锁骨上切口治疗锁骨骨折的临床疗效

目的比较Saber切口与锁骨上切口治疗锁骨骨折的临床疗效。方法选取138例锁骨骨折患者,分为锁骨上切口者56例,Saber切口者82例,观察两组患者术中及术后情况。结果两组患者的切口长度,手术时间,出血量,并发症比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),Saber切口组优于锁骨上切口组。结论锁骨骨折患者术中使用Saber切口优于使用锁骨上切口。     

240例社区内就诊的腰椎间盘突出症患者临床资料分析

目的：探讨社区内就诊椎间盘突出症病人的临床资料,以便更好地指导社区医疗临床。方法：对在广西南宁市五所社区门诊的240例非急性期腰椎间盘突出症患者的相关临床资料进行总结和分析。结果：本组240例患者中,女性发病率略高于男性,发病年龄多集中在40~59岁之间,职业以非体力劳动者为主,长期慢性积累性劳损、腰部外伤史是发病的主要因素,病程较短但容易复发。结论：社区内就诊椎间盘突出症病人有不同于住院椎间盘突出症病人的临床特征。     

六分钟步行距离试验在鉴别肺高血压血流动力学类型中的价值

目的 探讨6 min步行距离试验在鉴别肺高血压血流动力学类型中的意义.方法 收集164例心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级初诊肺高血压患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.根据肺高压血流动力学指标及右心功能状况分为A组(毛细血管前肺动脉高压、右心功能正常,62例)、B组(毛细血管后肺动脉高压、右心功能正常,58例)、C组(毛细血管前肺动脉高压合并右心功能不全,44例),主要分析指标为6 min步行距离及运动前后动脉血氧饱和度.结果 A组、B组和C组6 min步行距离分别为(397±112)、( 299±63)和(294±111)m,A组明显高于B组和C组,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);B组与C组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 肺高血压合并心功能不全6 min步行距离明显减少;但单独6 min步行距离检查不能区分血流动力学类型.     

Estimation of paracrine signaling using quantitative RT-PCR from multiple patchy lesion samples

We investigated whether correlations between mRNA levels of cytokines versus other proteins from patchy lesion could estimate cytokine paracrine signaling in vivo. Experiments with rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), a patchy myocarditis model, indicated IL-1 and other protein levels were correlated, indicating paracrine signaling pathways in vivo.     

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of penis: A case report

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is rare and commonly arises in the retroperitoneum, limbs, head and neck. There is no significant difference between EOS and other malignant tumors in soft tissue. Localized pain and swelling are the common presenting symptoms. Clinical diagnosis of EOS is difficult, imaging techniques may be helpful and careful, and the histopathological analysis is necessary. The common histological variants of EOS include: osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma, and fibroblastoma, and other unusual subtypes were reported occasionally. It should be distinguished with myositis ossificans, malignant mesenchymoma, giant cell tumor and parosteal osteosarcoma. We present an EOS arising in the penis. The primary site and histological category of the tumor were extremely rare. We hope the case will be helpful to the recognition of clinical signs, iconography and histopathology of EOS.     

红花栝楼鲨烯合酶基因的克隆及其序列分析

目的克隆红花栝楼鲨烯合酶(squalene synthase,SS)的基因并进行序列分析,为进一步研究葫芦科植物三萜合成通路关键酶SS的正选择位点与功能的关联性分析奠定基础。方法根据绞股蓝与罗汉果SS基因c DNA比对分析的结果,设计SS的5’端简并引物,采用3’RACE扩增红花栝楼SS全长c DNA基因。结果获得红花栝楼SS c DNA全长共1 466个核苷酸,其中包括一个含有1 254个核苷酸的开放读码框,编码417个氨基酸残基。通过NCBI的Blast比对,发现红花栝楼SS基因编码的氨基酸序列与已知植物SS基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性为78%~94%,核苷酸的同源性为74%~93%。结论成功克隆了红花栝楼SS的全长c DNA,为进一步研究红花栝楼SS基因结构、基因表达、基因突变提供了基础,并为葫芦科植物三萜合成通路关键酶SS的正选择位点与功能的关联性分析提供了数据支持。