北京市某区托幼机构消毒效果监测评价

目的评价城市托幼园所卫生消毒效果,为加强托幼机构消毒卫生管理提供依据。方法采用现场调查和采样检测方法,对北京市西城区34家托幼机构进行卫生消毒质量调查与评估。结果 2013年度从该城区内34家托幼机构及其分园共采集不同消毒对象678件,卫生消毒效果平均合格率为81.86%。托幼机构物体表面消毒质量合格率为80.23%,教室等场所空气卫生质量合格率为90%,幼教人员和幼儿手卫生质量合格率为65.89%。幼儿餐饮具消毒效果合格率为96.97%,使用中消毒剂卫生质量合格率为60%。结论该城区托幼机构消毒卫生状况总体评价应为中上偏低,幼教人员手卫生和科学使用消毒剂应重点加强管理。     

Beneficial effects of insulin-like growth factor I on epithelial structure and function in parenterally fed rat jejunum

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The functional significance of intestinal hyperplasia stimulated by insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is unclear and has not been studied in a model of mucosal atrophy induced by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The aim of this study was to determine how IGF-I affects intestinal structure and epithelial function in the absence of luminal nutrition caused by TPN. METHODS: Rats were maintained with TPN with or without IGF-I (800 micrograms/day), and jejunal histology and epithelial ion transport were measured after 5 days. In a third TPN group without IGF-I, a short-term dose of IGF-I was added during in vitro flux chamber experiments. RESULTS: Rats given TPN with IGF-I had greater jejunal mucosal weight, greater protein and DNA content, and increased villus height and crypt depth compared with rats given TPN only. TPN increased ionic permeability and ion transport responses to secretory and absorptive agents. IGF-I in vivo reversed most of these changes; IGF-I in vitro enhanced sodium-dependent glucose absorption but had no other effects. CONCLUSIONS: Coinfusion of recombinant human IGF-I with TPN solution stimulates intestinal hyperplasia and attenuates transport changes induced by TPN. The latter effect seems to be primarily associated with the growth state of the epithelium. (Gastroenterology 1996 Dec;111(6):1501-8)     

The major histocompatibility complex region marked by HSP70-1 and HSP70- 2 variants is associated with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in two different ethnic groups

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been associated with susceptibility to drug-induced adverse reactions. We previously found that clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CA) is associated with the HLA-DRB1*0402, DRB4*0101, DQB1*0302, DQA1*0301 haplotype in Ashkenazi Jewish patients and with the HLA-DRB1*1601, DRB5*02, DQB1*0502, DQA1*0102 haplotype in non-Jewish patients. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the variants of the heat- shock protein 70 (HSP-70) encoded by the HSP-70 loci located within the MHC region and known to be involved in apoptosis and regulation of cell proliferation could play an important role in molecular mechanisms of CA. First, we analyzed HSP70-2 polymorphism in risk-associated haplotypes from HLA homozygous cells and normal individuals and confirmed that the HSP70-2 9-kb variant was associated invariably with DR4 (HLA-DRB1*0402, DQB1*0302) and DR2 (HLA-DRB1*01601, DQB1*0502, DQA1*0102 and HLA-DRB1*1501, DQB1*0602) haplotypes, which were the haplotypes found increased in Jewish and non-Jewish patients with CA, respectively. The 9.0-kb variant was also found to be associated with HLA-B44, DRB1*0401 and HLA-B44, DRB1*07 haplotypes. Second, in patients with CA (12 Ashkenazi Jewish and 20 non-Jewish patients), HSP70-1 A and HSP70-2 9.0-kb variants were associated with the MHC haplotypes found by us to be markers of susceptibility to CA. The clozapine-treated control group had an excess number of HSP70-1 C and HSP70-2 8.5-kb variants, consistent with genetic resistance to CA associated with those variants. This finding supports our hypothesis that a dominant gene within the MHC region (marked by HSP70-1 and HSP70-2), but not necessarily HLA, is associated with CA in two different ethnic groups.     

Analysis of ASPM in an ethnically diverse cohort of 400 patient samples: perspectives of the molecular diagnostic laboratory

Primary Autosomal Recessive Microcephaly (MCPH) is characterized by congenital microcephaly usually without additional clinical findings. The most common gene implicated in MCPH is ASPM and a large percentage of mutations described have been homozygous and in consanguineous families primarily of East Asian and Middle Eastern origin. ASPM sequencing was performed on 400 patients between the years 2009 and 2012. Seventy of the patient samples were also analyzed for copy number changes in the ASPM gene. Forty protein truncating mutations, including 29 novel mutations, were identified in 39 patients with MCPH. Approximately one third of patients were compound heterozygotes, indicative of non‐consanguinity in these patients. In addition, 46 non‐synonymous variants were identified and interpreted as variants of uncertain significance. No deletion/duplication in ASPM was identified in the patients analyzed. A wide ethnic distribution was observed, including the first reported patients with ASPM‐related MCPH of Hispanic descent. Clinical information was collected for 26 of the ASPM‐positive patients and 41 of the ASPM‐negative patients. As more individuals are identified with MCPH, we anticipate that we will continue to identify ASPM mutation‐positive patients from all ethnic origins supporting the occurrence of this genetic condition beyond that of consanguineous families of certain ethnic populations.     

Active tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients under treatment from an endemic area in Latin America

BACKGROUNDThere has been an increase in cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in recent years. There is also greater access and availability of immunosuppressive and biological agents, which increase the risk of opportunistic infection despite improving the quality of life and promoting mucosal healing. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem, and it has a high incidence in several countries. Therefore, knowledge of the risk of developing TB in patients with IBD is important.AIMTo evaluate the risk of active TB in patients with IBD under treatment from an endemic area in Latin America.METHODSA standard questionnaire included demographic variables, clinical aspects of IBD disease, history of active TB during treatment, active TB characteristics and evolution, initial screening and results and time from the start of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) to TB development.RESULTSAzathioprine, anti-TNFα and the combination of these two drugs were associated with a higher risk of active TB incidence. The TNFα blockers increased the relative risk of developing active TB compared to other treatments. All four multivariable models showed that the use of TNFα blockers alone or in combination with azathioprine was an important risk factor for the incidence of active TB. After adjustment for sex, age, type of IBD and latent TB, anti-TNFα with azathioprine increased the relative risk to 17.8 times more than conventional treatment. Late TB, which was diagnosed 3 mo after the start of anti-TNFα, was the most frequent.CONCLUSIONTreatment with anti-TNFα increased the risk of active TB in IBD patients from an endemic area in Latin America. This risk was increased when anti-TNFα was combined with azathioprine. The time from the beginning of the treatment to the active TB diagnosis suggests a new TB infection.     

CT影像组学预测胃癌不同预后组织学分型的可行性

目的: 探讨CT影像组学在胃癌不同预后组织学分型预测中的应用价值。方法: 回顾性分析570例胃癌患者的临床资料,按组织学分型分为预后较差组和预后较好组,按照2 ∶1的比例随机分为训练组和验证组。采用软件ITK SNAP从CT图像中分割胃癌原发病灶。采用多因素分析筛选出与胃癌不同预后组织学分型最大相关性的临床特征,并以此构建临床特征模型。从所有分割图像中提取特征,再使用最大相关最小冗余(mRMR)、最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)回归和逐步回归筛选出有效特征,并以此建立影像组学标签。最后,拟合影像组学标签与临床特征,构建影像组学模型,并用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）进行性能评估。结果： 提取了985个二维图像特征,包括一阶统计量、形状特征、纹理特征等。通过去冗余特征筛选,得到5个最有效特征构建影像组学标签。3个临床特征（年龄、性别、CT M分期）作为构建临床特征模型的参数。相较于临床特征模型和影像组学标签,影像组学模型的预测性能表现最佳,影像组学模型AUC在训练组和验证组分别为0.726 2(95%CI：0.676~0.776),0.707(95%CI：0.632~0.781)。结论： CT影像组学在术前无创预测胃癌不同预后组织学分型方面具有一定的应用潜力。     

CXCL12-CXCR4轴促进胶质母细胞瘤前神经间质转化

［摘要］目的: 探讨CXC趋化因子配体12-CXC趋化因子受体4(CXC chemokine ligand 12 CXC chemokine receptor 4,CXCL12-CXCR4)轴对脑胶质母细胞瘤前神经间质转化的作用。方法: 分析TCGA GBM基因数据库中CXCR4 mRNA在不同胶质瘤分子分型肿瘤组织中的水平差异及其对肿瘤患者生存率的影响;人胶质瘤LN428、U87MG细胞经不同浓度CXCL12 (0、20、40、60、80、100 ng/mL)及20 μmol/L普乐沙福(选择性CXCR4拮抗剂)预处理48 h,免疫印迹实验检测细胞内OLIG2、E-钙黏蛋白、YKL-40、N钙-黏蛋白和波形蛋白表达水平;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,CCK8法和克隆形成实验检测肿瘤细胞增殖能力。结果： TCGA GBM数据库分析结果显示,与健康者相比,胶质瘤患者CXCR4 mRNA表达显著增高,且与患者生存率呈负相关;间质型胶质母细胞瘤组织标本中CXCR4 mRNA水平显著高于前神经型胶质母细胞瘤(P均＜0.05)。与对照组相比,CXCL12组细胞间质型相关蛋白YKL-40、N-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白表达水平显著升高,而前神经型相关蛋白OLIG2、E-钙黏蛋白表达水平显著降低,人胶质瘤LN428、U87MG细胞迁移和侵袭能力、增殖能力显著增强(P均＜0.05);给予普乐沙福处理后,与CXCL12组相比,人胶质瘤LN428、U87MG细胞迁移和侵袭能力、增殖能力显著降低,且间质型相关指标蛋白表达显著降低,前神经型相关指标蛋白表达显著升高(P均＜0.05)。结论： CXCL12-CXCR4轴具有促进胶质母细胞瘤前神经间质转化,及迁移和侵袭、增殖的作用。     

恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯治疗耐拉米夫定慢性乙型肝炎患者48周的疗效分析

目的：观察恩替卡韦（ETV）联合阿德福韦酯（ADV）治疗耐拉米夫定（LAM）慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法选取 LAM 耐药患者66例,随机分成两组,治疗组36例应用 ETV 联合 ADV 挽救治疗,对照组30例应用 LAM 联合 ADV 挽救治疗,观察两组治疗前及治疗后12周、48周谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBIL）、乙型肝炎病毒 DNA（HBV-DNA）、乙型肝炎 e 抗原（HBeAg）含量变化以及治疗48周时非 rtM204I 位点变异发生率。结果治疗组挽救治疗后12周 ALT 和 AST 分别降至（36．5±13．23）U／L 和（50．2±11．66）U／L,显著低于同期对照组 ALT[（60．3±12．28）U／L,P ＜0．01]及 AST [（69．7±13．56）U／L,P ＜0．01]含量;治疗后48周治疗组 ALT 和 AST 降至（27．9±10．58）U／L 和（26．7±10．95）U／L,低于同期对照组 ALT[（50．4±11．53）U／L,P ＜0．01]及 AST[（44．9±15．33）,P ＜0．05]含量。治疗12周及48周,治疗组 HBV-DNA 转阴率分别为85．5％及91．7％,显著高于同期对照组转阴率（53．3％和73．3％,P 均＜0．05）。治疗组48周后出现1例新的非 rtM204I 位点变异,而对照组非 rtM204I位点变异情况为6例,两组相比差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．12,P ＝0．024）。结论ETV 联合 ADV 用于既往 LAM 耐药的慢性乙型肝炎患者的挽救治疗疗效明显,值得临床推广。