Bio-guided isolation of plant growth regulators from allelopathic plant-Codonopsis pilosula: phyto-selective activities and mechanisms

Natural pesticides are the subject of growing interest, as the overuse of synthetic pesticides severely threatens the safety of humans and the eco-environment. Allelopathic plants can release plentiful secondary metabolites as natural plant growth regulators to affect the growth of neighboring plants. Bio-guided isolation of the aerial waste part of typical allelopathic plant-Codonopsis pilosula led to six active compounds being produced, including ginsenoside Rg₁ (1), ginsenoside Re (2), luteolin (3), luteolin-5-O-glucoside (4), ginsenoside Rb₁ (5) and lobetyolin (6). Ginsenosides and luteolin-5-O-glucoside were firstly found in Codonopsis. Phyto-activity tests showed that all compounds showed inhibiting effects toward C. pilosula, and compounds 2, 4, 5 and 6 were also inhibitors of Amaranthus retroflexus. By contrast, the compounds promoted the seedling growth of wheat, rice and Setaria viridis. At certain concentrations, compounds 1, 4, 5 and 1, 2, 4 could observably promote the growth of wheat and rice seedlings, respectively, exceeding Setaria viridis. The different effects toward the two weeds might be related to the different ROS levels induced by the compounds. The ROS amounts in the root tips of S. viridis were as low as those in the control test, and the ROS content in the root tips increased with aggravation of the inhibition effect. In summary, successful isolation of phyto-selective chemicals from allelopathic plants may provide a promising method for natural herbicide screening. The compounds isolated could potentially be applied as inhibitors of dicotyledon weeds and promoters of monocotyledon crops for weed management in agriculture.

Bio-guided isolation of the aerial waste part of typical allelopathic plant-Codonopsis pilosula led to six active compounds being produced.     

培菲康联合马来酸曲美布丁早期治疗对脓毒症患者肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨培菲康联合马来酸曲美布丁早期治疗对脓毒症患者肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法将92例入住综合性ICU未出现肠功能障碍的脓毒症患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组46例。治疗组有4例及对照组有5例因不符合病例研究标准,最终被剔除本研究。除接受基础治疗外,治疗组患者入组第1天开始,鼻饲或者口服培菲康及马来酸曲美布丁,连用7 d以上,对照组则给生理盐水。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定治疗前及第3、5、7天血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性及D-乳酸浓度。在治疗后第5、7天评定2组肠功能。结果治疗前2组患者DAO活性及D-乳酸浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(t=0.802 9、0.340 3,P>0.05),治疗第7天,治疗组DAO活性及D-乳酸浓度均低于对照组(t=7.560 8、5.502 3,P<0.05)。2组组内比较,治疗前DAO活性及D-乳酸浓度最高,随着时间的推移,2项指标均逐渐下降(P<0.01,P<0.05)。治疗后第5、7天,治疗组肠功能评分均低于对照组[(0.485±0.312)分vs.(0.634±0.363)分;(0.216±0.354)分vs.(0.425±0.367)分,P<0.05]。而组内比较,2组第7天肠功能评分均低于第5天(P<0.05)。结论培菲康联合马来酸曲美布丁早期治疗有助于保护脓毒症患者肠黏膜屏障功能。     

关节镜微创手术配合复方丹红注射液及维生素B12局部穴位注射治疗膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的：观察关节镜微创手术配合复方丹红注射液及维生素B12局部穴位注射治疗膝骨关节炎疗效。方法选取2012年2月—2013年3月诊断为膝关节骨关节炎90例患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为丹维治疗组、曲利治疗组、对照组。每组各30例。所有患者行关节镜下炎症滑膜清理术,丹维治疗组患者配合局部痛点注射复方丹红注射液（2 mL）及维生素B12注射液（0．5 mg）;曲利治疗组患者配合局部痛点注射醋酸曲安奈德注射液（2 mL）配伍盐酸利多卡因注射液（1 mL）;每周1次局部注射,3次为1疗程。对照组患者仅关节镜微创手术治疗。治疗出院后随访6个月。结果应用Lequsne疗效评定法来评定术后1周临床治疗效果,结果显示,丹维治疗组、曲利治疗组患者术后1周的有效率明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）;术后1周、术后3个月及术后6个月采用Ly-sholm法评分,丹维治疗组、曲利治疗组患者评分优于对照组（P＜0．05）;但丹维治疗组评分与曲利治疗组评分无明显差异（ P＞0．05）。结论关节镜微创手术配合复方丹红注射液及维生素B12局部穴位注射治疗膝骨关节炎具有较好的临床疗效,并且避免了因为应用糖皮质激素导致的多种并发症。     

Effects of perioperative statins on patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis

Background: Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery. However, controversy remains regarding whether perioperative administration of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has a beneficial effect on patient outcomes.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to validate the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to 10 November 2017. RCTs were eligible for inclusion if they compared perioperative statin treatment with control treatment in patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery and reported data pertaining to clinical outcomes.

Results: Twelve RCTs involving 4707 patients (2371 in the perioperative statin group and 2336 in the control group) were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation were all lower in patients treated with statins than in control group patients, as shown by the fixed-effects model (odds ratio (OR)?=?0.460, 95% confidence interval (CI)?=?0.324–0.653, p?=?0 for myocardial infarction; OR?=?0.617, 95% CI?=?0.476–0.801, p?=?0 for composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke; OR?=?0.406, 95% CI?=?0.247–0.666, p?=?0 for new atrial fibrillation). No significant differences in the incidences of stroke or transient ischemic attack, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were observed between the statin and control arms.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that perioperative statins effectively reduce the incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

• Key Messages

• Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery.

• We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery.

     

The formation and growth of calcium sulfate crystals through oxidation of SO2 by O3 on size-resolved calcium carbonate

Calcium sulfate is a major constituent of atmospheric sulfate, with a typical rod-like morphology ranging from several hundred nanometers to approximately two micrometers observed in field studies. However, the chemical formation mechanism is still not well known. In this study, the kinetics and mechanism for the formation and growth of rod-like calcium sulfate crystals through oxidation of SO₂ by O₃ on size-resolved CaCO₃ at different relative humidity (RH) were investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that the concentration and formation rate of sulfate decreased with the increasing diameter of CaCO₃ particles, and thus smaller particles could enhance the formation of sulfate due to more reactive sites on smaller particles. The rod-like calcium sulfate crystals were formed only at RH above 60% and in the presence of reactant gases through the heterogeneous pathway. The liquid-like water layer formed by promotion of high RH in the presence of reactant gases could facilitate the formation and aggregation of calcium sulfate hydrates and thus promote the formation and growth of rod-like calcium sulfate crystals. This study provides a possible mechanism for the formation and growth of rod-like calcium sulfate crystals existing in the atmosphere.

The heterogeneous formation pathway of rod-like calcium sulfate crystals in the atmosphere.     

Low molecular weight heparin and aspirin for prevention of deep vein thrombosisafter orthopaedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - To comprehensively evaluate the clinical effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and aspirin for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients after...     

急性冠状动脉综合征腔内影像学性别差异研究进展

近年来,腔内影像学技术的快速发展为急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的诊断、治疗和研究提供了有力的支持和指导。目前发现,不同性别患者间的病理生理学特点、介入治疗方式的选择及后续临床事件发生等方面存在着一定的差异,且相关研究仍存在争议。腔内影像学以其精准性和可靠性等优点为ACS患者性别差异的后续探索开辟了新的视角。本文对近年来应用腔内影像学针对ACS患者性别差异的相关研究进行归纳总结。     

铁路生活饮用水安全管理探讨

铁路安全供水关系到铁路运输旅客和职工及家属的身体健康,如何解决好铁路的供水安全问题,关系到保障铁路运输安全、稳定沿线职工工作等关键问题。铁路供水特点为点多线长、分布较散、日供水量小、运行成本高、大多分散于无自来水供应的农村地区、供水人口多为10~80人。铁路供水存在的问题较多,主要为水质质量指标超标较多、管理存在漏洞以及资金问题、与卫生监督部门配合等问题。针对上述问题,本文提出完善安全供水的长远规划、建立安全供水管理体系、强化预防性卫生监督作用、保障资金投入、加大消毒药物的使用、建立完善的水质检验制度、充分发挥卫生监督部门及现场单位的主观能动性等对策。