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Hyperbaric nitrogen-oxygen exposure developed in rats a decrement of the striatal dopamine release, which was reversed by repetitive exposures. This dopamine decrease could be the result of the antagonistic effect of nitrogen on NMDA receptors. The increment of the dopamine release, following repetitive exposures to nitrogen, could be attributed to a desensitisation of NMDA receptors to the effects of nitrogen. To test these hypotheses, male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with electrodes in the striatum to measure dopamine release by voltammetry and cannula in the substantia nigra pars compacta for NMDA injection. Free-moving rats were exposed up to 3MPa of nitrogen-oxygen mixture before and after 5 exposures to 1MPa. At the first exposure to 3MPa, the dopamine level decreased (-15%) but is counteracted by NMDA administration. In contrast, after repetitive exposure, the second exposure to 3MPa, induces a 10% dopamine increase. NMDA administration significantly potentiated this increase. Our results neither support the hypothesis of an antagonist effect of nitrogen on NMDA receptors at the first exposure, nor that of a NMDA receptor desensitization following repetitive exposures to hyperbaric nitrogen. 相似文献
34.
L. Rosenberg M.D. I. T. Jackson D. Sharpe J. Weiss 《European journal of plastic surgery》1987,9(4):158-159
Summary A system which can be used for injection or infiltration of large volumes of fluid is described. This consists of a syringe which fills automatically from a reservoir through an inlet/outlet valve. 相似文献
35.
Pharmacotherapy of psychiatric emergencies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The psychiatric emergency service has become a major provider of psychiatric care over the past decade. Concomitant with this growth has been an emphasis on pharmacological treatment. While rapid tranquilization is the best known and most frequently used intervention, a growing diagnostic awareness has led to a variety of other chemotherapeutic approaches. The current reviews of pharmacologic intervention in the psychiatric emergency service do not detail the variability of treatment approaches or examine alternative treatment approaches. The goal of this article is to critically review current pharmacologic treatments and address areas in which there is no consensus in treatment approach. From this review the authors suggest guidelines for pharmacotherapy of psychiatric emergencies. The authors discuss rapid tranquilization, the treatment of alcohol and drug intoxication and withdrawal, and anxiety disorders. 相似文献
36.
Abnormalities of fine motor control in schizophrenia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Response time and fine motor control during a classification task were examined in schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics. The task involved decisions about either the sensory characteristics of auditory and visual stimuli or the referential meanings of spoken words and viewed pictures. Nonschizophrenics responded more quickly and exhibited a smoother and faster motor response on all tasks. Response time and motor control were influenced by stimulus modality and the complexity of the classification task in both groups. In the analysis of motor control, the schizophrenics differed from the nonschizophrenics in exhibiting a pattern suggestive of a specific difficulty with decisions involving referential meaning. The observed motor control dysfunction in schizophrenics is a psychomotor deficit similar to previously reported abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movement. Further, the interaction of group and task variables in the motor response suggests that decisions about the abstract referential meaning of words and pictures produce greater cognitive loads in schizophrenics than in nonschizophrenics. 相似文献
37.
Lamine Abdennour Paola Sanchez-Pea Damien Galanaud Vincent Navarro Nicolas Weiss Louis Puybasset 《Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment》2007,3(5):695-702
As for the majority of antiepileptic drugs, encephalopathy, manifested by transient somnolence, mood and motor disorders, is a possible side-effect. To our knowledge, there is little information about gabapentin-induced coma. We report a third case of gabapentin-induced coma where magnetic resonance-spectrometry was performed in diagnosis assessment. 相似文献
38.
Eran Maman David M. Steinberg Batia Stark Shai Izraeli Shlomo Wientroub 《Journal of children's orthopaedics》2007,1(1):63-68
Purpose Studies on musculoskeletal manifestations (MSM) of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have yielded variable findings
with regard to their clinical impact. We investigated the significance for differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome of
musculoskeletal complaints as presenting symptoms of ALL, and their correlation with leukemia immunophenotypes, for which
data is lacking.
Methods Data on 783 children in the national study for childhood ALL between 1984 and 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical
analysis examined possible relationships between MSM at the time of diagnosis and demographic and clinical data, biological
features of leukemia (peripheral blood counts, immunophenotype and main cytogenetic aberration), response to initial prednisone
treatment, and outcome.
Results Of 765 children with data on orthopaedic complaints, 240 presented with MSM (31.4%). Among these children, B cell precursor
(BCP) was much more common (209/576, 36.3%) than T cell ALL (25/176, 14.2%). Patients with MSM had lower white blood cell
counts (WBC) (median of 9 vs. 20 × 109/L, P < 0.001) and percentage of blast cells in the peripheral blood at diagnosis compared to those without (median of 27 vs. 53%,
P < 0.001). Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were less common in MSM group (67 vs. 53% <3 cm, P < 0.001, and 63 vs. 50% <3 cm, P < 0.001, respectively). Poor response to initial treatment with prednisone was recorded in 7.1% of patients with MSM versus
11.5% of those without (P = 0.086). The analysis revealed no independent effect of MSM on event-free survival (EFS), after correcting for differences
in EFS related to immunophenotype or initial WBC.
Conclusions MSM occur mostly in children with BCP ALL who present with less involvement of extramedullary organs, low peripheral blood
blasts and white blood cells counts. These findings highlight the importance of including ALL in the differential diagnosis
of MSM even in the presence of an apparently normal peripheral blood count. Our study also suggests that MSM are caused by
leukemic cells with enhanced biological propensity to remain relatively confined within the intramedullary bone-marrow space. 相似文献
39.
40.
M Kühne B Schaer C Kaufmann N Moulay T Cron T Cueni P Weiss C Schindler C Sticherling S Osswald 《Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology》2007,9(12):1185-1190
AIMS: DDD-pacemakers are favoured in patients with sick-sinus-syndrome or AV-block. However, AAI-pacemakers for sick-sinus-syndrome or VDD-pacemakers for AV-block may provide similar benefit with lower costs. The aim is to show that a tailored approach (TA) with arrhythmia-specific pacemaker selection was equal to a standard approach (SA) regarding quality of life (QoL) at lower costs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was prospective and randomized with QoL as primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were a combined endpoint of all-cause mortality, worsening heart failure or angina, atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, these endpoints individually and costs. Of 198 patients (age 77 +/- 10 years, 43% female, ejection fraction 54 +/- 12%, follow-up 38 +/- 15 months), 94 were randomized to SA and 104 to TA. Thirty-two patients (34%) died in the SA group vs. 25 (24%) in the TA (P= ns). QoL showed no differences in all dimensions. The combined secondary endpoint was reached more frequently with SA (51%) compared to TA (37%, P = 0.045). There was no difference regarding all single secondary endpoints. Hardware costs were reduced by 15% (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In long-term follow-up, a TA is equal to SA regarding the primary endpoint QoL and secondary endpoints as AF and mortality. Depending on the healthcare system, it may significantly reduce costs. 相似文献