超声靶向破坏微泡技术介导shRNA抑制小鼠肝癌细胞株JNK1基因表达

目的 探讨应用超声靶向破坏微泡（UTMD）技术介导shRNA抑制小鼠肝癌细胞株JNK1基因表达的能力。方法 构建并筛选shRNA最佳表达载体。体外培养肝癌细胞Hca-F,共分为5组：A组为空白对照组;B组为shRNA质粒组;C组为脂质体组;D组为超声微泡+超声辐照组;E组为脂质体+超声微泡+超声辐照组。应用倒置荧光显微镜观察转染率;荧光定量PCR检测JNK1的mRNA水平;Western-Blot检测JNK1的蛋白质表达。结果 获得了shRNA干扰效果最好的表达载体。各组转染率比较：E组均大于B、C、D组（P均<0.05）;C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。荧光定量PCR和Western-Blot检测各组JNK1mRNA和蛋白表达比较：E组的JNK1mRNA和蛋白表达水平均最低（P均<0.05）。结论 脂质体转染法与UTMD技术结合可以提高小鼠肝癌细胞株JNK1 shRNA的转染效率,并能够增强基因表达的抑制效果。     

滋肾清肝代平方中7种成分血药浓度的测定及其在大鼠体内的药代动力学分析

目的:建立UPLC-MS-MS同时测定大鼠血浆中2,3,5,4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,1-脱氧野尻霉素和决明子苷、红镰霉素龙胆二糖苷、橙黄决明素、甲基钝叶决明素、白藜芦醇的分析方法,研究大鼠服用滋肾清肝代平方后的药代动力学特征。方法:采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱,流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离源,扫描方式为多反应离子监测。结果:7种成分在大鼠血浆中线性关系良好,提取回收率94.83%~106.58%,日内、日间精密度和准确度良好。7种成分在模型组大鼠中的药时曲线下面积、末端半衰期、达峰时间、清除率、表观分布容积、药峰浓度分别为(326.65±26.66)μg·L-1·h-1,(3.64±1.69)h,0.33 h,(60.56±5.32)L·h-1·kg-1,(325.13±167.18)L·kg-1,(169.25±18.02)μg·L-1。结论:该方法特异、快速、准确、灵敏,可用于滋肾清肝代平方在大鼠体内的药动学研究。     

Scanning electron microscope observations on collagen fibers in human dentin and pulp

Abstract – Human permanent teeth were examined in the scanning electron microscope after demineralization and exposure to preparative procedures based on hydrogen peroxide, trypsin, and EDTA. These substances removed the inorganic material, the cellular structures, the homogeneous connective tissue ground substance, and interfibrillar matrix. The remaining tissue components comprised a network of distinct collagen fibers whose organization was related to the type of tissue in which these were incorporated. A similar or identical method has not been developed or applied to teeth previously. Dentin and predentin comprised a compact mass of fibers which basically were parallel to the continuously growing interior surface of the predentin, or arranged at an acute angle to this plane. Collagen fibers in the pulp were numerous, but lacked any particular orientation in most areas. Interodontoblastic fibers crossed the odontoblastic zone at a right angle to the pulp chamber wall and mingled with collagen fibers in predentin. When previously published findings of ours are taken into account, it is possible to conclude that other factors than the organization of the collagen fibers are responsible for the stainability of these fibers in predentin and in interglobular dentin with silver methenamine, and that aldehyde groups on collagen fibers in predentin may be actively and directly involved in the mineralization of the dentin.     

Spontaneous Regression of Budd-Chiari Syndrome (Hepatic Venous Occlusion) in a Young Female

ABSTRACT. Hultcrantz R, Angelin B, Einarsson K, Friman L (Departments of Internal Medicine and Roentgenology, Serafimer Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Spontaneous regression of Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic venous occlusion) in a young female. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:503–7. A case of occlusion of the hepatic veins in an 18-year-old girl is presented. The onset was sudden with massive ascites and markedly impaired general condition. The diagnosis was based on liver biopsy and angiograms of the caval and hepatic veins as well as of the celiac artery. No predisposing factors could be found. The patient was treated conservatively with laparo-centesis and diuretics. Clear improvement was seen after two weeks, and after four weeks she had no ascites and could be discharged. All liver function tests were then normalized. After three months, all diuretics could be withdrawn, and in the following 11 years she has remained completely recovered. The case illustrates that also widespread thrombi of the hepatic veins may sometimes rapidly dissolve spontaneously, with apparent total reconstitution of hepatic function. This case is unusual since previously reported cases have had high mortality rates and, in surviving cases, operative procedures or large doses of diuretics have been required to control the ascites.     

Caries status and microbial conditions in children in 1973 and 1984

Abstract — In 1973 all 9–12-yr-old children in a county in Sweden were examined with regard to caries prevalence, salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Eleven years later the same parameters were analyzed in 250 randomly selected children of the same age and from the same county. Both the number ofcariogenic microorganisms and the caries prevalence were significant-ly lower in 1984 than in 1973 (P<0.001). The lower number of S. mutans and lactobacilli could be due to several EBctors and is probably one of the reasons for the low caries prevalence in the children in the present study.     

Insulin and C-peptide Secretory Responses to Glucagon in Man: Studies on the Dose-Response Relationships

ABSTRACT. The present study investigated the insulin and C-peptide secretory responses to glucagon in non-diabetic humans. Glucagon induced a transient increase in plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations. At the dose level of 0.5 mg, glucagon elicited more efficient responses than at the dose level of 0.25 mg (p<0.05). However, the responses were not further potentiated by glucagon at 1.0 mg. Plasma glucose levels did not change during the first 2 min after glucagon injection, when already a marked increase in plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were observed. Thereafter, however, plasma glucose levels increased, to be maximal at 20 min after glucagon injection. Calculations of the minute-to-minute increase of plasma insulin and C-peptide levels revealed that plasma insulin levels increased by 32±7% of the increase in plasma C-peptide levels during the first 2 min, and by 36±6% of the increase in plasma C-peptide levels during the 3rd and 4th min after injection; the difference being the liver extraction of insulin. We conclude from this study in man 1) that glucagon stimulates insulin secretion through both direct and indirect effects, 2) that following glucagon injection, approximately 65% of the secreted insulin is extracted by the liver, and 3) that the dose level of 0.5 mg glucagon is the optimal dose level for the stimulation of insulin secration.     

Clodronate Treatment in Patients with Malignancy-associated Hypercalcemia

ABSTRACT. Rastad J, Benson L, Johansson H, Knuutila M, Pettersson B, Wallfelt C, Åkerström G, Ljunghall S (Departments of Surgery and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Clodronate treatment in patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:489–94. The possibility of reducing symptomatic hypercalcemia and of maintaining total serum calcium concentrations <2.8 mmol/1 with clodronate (dichloromethylene bisphosphonate) was evaluated in 28 patients with various types of malignant tumors. Four episodes of hypercal-cemic crisis with mean serum calcium concentrations of 4.43 mmol/1 were controlled within 4–6 days of intravenous clodronate (4 mg/kg BW/day). This was accompanied by a moderate increase in serum creatinine values which, however, returned to pretreatment levels after therapy withdrawal in all but one case. Oral clodronate successfully reduced a mean serum calcium concentration of 3.16 mmol/1 in 22 out of 25 patients after 3–12 days (800–3 200 mg/ day). After reversal of the hypercalcemias oral clodronate controlled the serum calcium concentration for up to 42 weeks in six out of 15 patients After discontinuation of initial therapy five of seven recurrent hypercalcemias were successfully treated with oral or intravenous clodronate. Hypocalcemia and subjective side-effects were uncommon. It is concluded that clodronate is a valuable clinical tool in the management of patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.