The role of motivation and self‐efficacy on the practice of health promotion behaviours in the overweight and obese middle‐aged American women

The study investigated the relationship between motivation, self‐efficacy and demographic variables, and determined if they affect the performance of health promotion behaviours in overweight or obese middle‐aged American women. The sample consisted of middle‐aged American women from a small town in Michigan. Two groups of women aged 30–65, one with a body mass index (BMI) range of 25–29, and the second with a BMI of ≥ 30, completed the Health Self‐Determinism Index, the General Self‐Efficacy Scale and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile‐II. Self‐efficacy was found to be a significant predictor in the performance of health‐promoting behaviours in both the overweight and obese participants in this study. Motivation was not found to be a significant predictor of performance of health promotion behaviours in either participant group. Education was found to be a significant predictor of performance of health promotion behaviours in the obese participants only. Nurses need to develop effective methods of supporting self‐efficacy in both the overweight and obese middle‐aged American women. Nursing‐based research focusing on interventions to improve self‐efficacy, as well as studies identifying effective educational techniques to improve the practice of health promotion behaviours in this population is necessary. Further investigation into the effect of motivation and demographics on the performance of health promotion behaviours is also needed.     

世界胃肠病学组织(WGO-OMGE)临床指南——发展中国家幽门螺杆菌感染

我非常高兴向大家推荐这份发展中国家幽门螺杆菌（H．priori）临床指南。该指南的编译是由数位在该领域具有丰富临床经验的世界知名专家共同完成的。     

Antisickling effects of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate depletion

Elevation of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in sickle erthrocytes (SS RBCs) and concomitant acidification of the cell interior promote polymerization by decreasing the solubility (csat) of deoxyhemoglobin S. The antisickling effect of 2,3-DPG depletion was evaluated after activation of the 2,3-DPG phosphatase activity of bisphosphoglycerate mutase by glycolate-2-phosphate, leading to rapid loss of intracellular 2,3-DPG. To ensure its maximal reduction in a physiologic medium, isosmotic CO2/bicarbonate-buffered saline, pH 7.0, was used. Substitution of K+ for Na+ as the major extracellular cation suppressed K:Cl cotransport, prevented cell shrinkage, and allowed demonstration of the full antisickling effect of 2,3-DPG depletion. The modest effect on solubility per se of removing intraerythrocytic 2,3-DPG (delta Csat = 1.6 g/dL) was amplified into a much larger antisickling effect by interaction with three other cellular variables affecting solubility and polymer content (intracellular pH, O2 saturation, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration). Acting in concert, these four antisickling effects (three solubilizing, one osmotic) reduced polymer fraction of glycolate-treated SS RBCs by 32% to 63%, with a concomitant decrease in sickling of 46% to 95% at the nominal pO2 of the microcirculation (20 mm Hg). A decrement in sickling of this magnitude should significantly ameliorate the vasoocclusive severity of sickle cell disease.     

Group treatment of adolescent inpatients: A pilot study using a structured therapy approach

The article describes a research pilot study using a structured group therapy approach vs. a discussion group on an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit. The results were measured using the Global Assessment Scale and the Inventory of Interpersonal Relationships. The authors discuss the data, the difficulties inherent in doing research with adolescent groups, and recommendations for future studies.