醋氨酚缓释包衣颗粒研究

包衣颗粒体外溶出试验证明在释放量达66%以前为零级恒速释放,此后释放速率降低为非零级释放。颗粒在室温下密闭贮存21个月后,释放速率增快,但仍为零级释放,也是在释放量达66%以后转变为非零级释放。用尿药排泄速率法研究了包衣颗粒的体内动力学并与常规片剂作比较,并测出两者的消除速率常数。常规片剂所得药物t 1/2=3.21h,而包衣颗粒剂所得半衰期约延长2.5倍。通过吸收百分率与体外溶出百分率在不同时间下数值的比较得到线性关系,相关系数r=0.9886。说明体外溶出数据可以作为控制吸收率的依据。按一级吸收一室模型公式计算了一定剂量下的血药浓度,在13h以内血药浓度都在治疗浓度范围(5～20μg/ml)以内。最高浓度为10.5μg/ml,达峰时间为3.27h。本品一次服1.1g可延效12h。     

Cross sectional study of use of alternative medicines in Chinese cancer patients

The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of alternative medicine consumption in Chinese cancer patients on active conventional treatment. A cross sectional survey of 100 consecutive advanced cancer patients admitted to a cancer clinical trial referral unit were personally interviewed by their assigned oncology research nurse using a specially designed questionnaire. The results showed that 64% of our patients used indigenous Chinese medication. In all age groups except the over-70s (P = 0.043), > 50% took such medication, more female (76%) than male (57.6%) patients (P = 0.323). Patients of all educational levels (P = 0.062) and religious backgrounds (P = 0.08) consumed alternative medicines. Duration of alternative medication consumption was less than three months in 50% of patients, with costs between US$40 and 2000/month for 70% of patients. Reasons cited for alternative medication consumption was hope that it might be of some benefit to their well being or disease control, and maybe even result in a miracle cure. Sources of advice on medication were mostly from strangers (by word of mouth), family, friends, the media, and infrequently from qualified professional Chinese doctors. Reasons for discontinuing such treatment were mostly given as lack of positive effect. In conclusion, Chinese cancer patients, willingly, rampantly and non-selectively seek out and consume alternative medications, with almost total ignorance of the medication consumed, oblivious to any potential side effects, and with little subjective benefit.      

Maintenance of growth in cystic fibrosis despite reduction in pancreatic enzyme supplementation

Twenty one children with cystic fibrosis were advised to decrease their pancreatic enzyme supplement (PES) dose to less than 10,000 units lipase/kg/day. Mean PES dosage was significantly decreased in 15 patients from 18,380 to 8647 units lipase/kg/day. There were no significant changes in energy or fat intake, but there were significant increases in weight SD score, height SD score, and weight/height ratio.     

The natural history of hidradenitis suppurativa

AIM: To investigate aspects of the natural history of hidradenitis. BACKGROUND: The natural history of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not well known. There is incomplete published data on the average age of disease onset, progression of the disease, average monthly incidence and duration of boils, and factors that relieve or exacerbate disease symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Questionnaire-based survey among HS patients identified from hospital records of three hospitals in Nottinghamshire, UK. RESULTS: One hundred and ten of 156 questionnaires (70.5%) were returned, 93 from females and 17 from males. The average patient's age was 40.1 years and the average reported age of disease onset was 21.8 years. At the time of the survey patients had suffered an average disease duration of 18.8 years. Most patients (98 of 110) still had experienced active disease within the past year. There was some evidence that in women the condition has a tendency to ease or subside after the menopause. Forty-four per cent of women felt that their condition was aggravated by menstruation. Thirty-eight per cent of patients gave a positive family history of the disorder. The average duration of painful boils was 6.9 days. In addition, 62% of patients acknowledged the presence of permanently painful boils that failed to subside. Patients developed a median of two boils per month. Factors that could aggravate the condition were primarily sweating or heat, stress or fatigue and tight clothing or friction. Factors that could improve the condition consisted largely of a variety of medical treatments and a number of life-style measures, such as swimming or baths. Twenty-four per cent of patients had failed to find anything at all to help their condition, despite an average disease duration of almost 19 years. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights several of the factors that make HS one of the most distressing dermatological diseases, such as the average monthly incidence of painful lesions, their average duration and the chronicity of the disease. It seems striking that the mean duration of an HS boil (6.9 days) roughly equals the duration of an average course of antibiotics. The postulated response of HS to oral antibiotics may thus simply have its explanation in the natural history of the condition itself.