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41.
42.
Abstract: Data from the National Education Longitudinal Study were combined with census data at the zip code level to examine the impact of neighborhood racial and ethnic diversity and consolidated inequality, in addition to individual, family, and school factors, on the likelihood of dropping out of high school. Results indicate that while the effects for diversity and consolidated inequality did not support the stated hypotheses, main effects for family risk and prior academic achievement were significant and in the stated direction. Also, when controlling for individual, family, school, and neighborhood characteristics, African Americans were less likely than White students to drop out of school. Implications for contextual effects research and educational outcomes are discussed. 相似文献
43.
44.
L Laforest E Van Ganse G Devouassoux S Chretin L Osman G Bauguil Y Pacheco G Chamba 《The European respiratory journal》2006,27(1):42-50
French asthma patients may be supervised by general practitioners (GPs) and/or specialists. Therefore, this study examined asthma management in patients exclusively supervised by specialists (SPE), GPs, (GP) and both (GP+SPE group), and compared the findings. Asthma patients were consecutively recruited in 348 pharmacies. Each patient completed a questionnaire providing data on personal characteristics, asthma management, perception of disease and asthma supervision. Asthma control was measured using the Asthma Control Test. Questionnaires were linked to computerised records of medications which had been dispensed before inclusion in the study. From the 1,256 patients (mean age = 36.1 yrs, 54.3% females), 11.4, 36.6, and 52.0% were placed in the SPE, GP, and GP+SPE groups, respectively. During the previous 4 weeks, most patients in the SPE group were properly controlled (52.2 versus 26.4 and 21.5% in GP and GP+SPE groups, respectively). The SPE group made more use of fixed combinations of long-acting beta agonist and inhaled corticosteroid, while receiving less short-acting beta agonists, antitussives and antibiotics. Striking differences in symptoms and asthma management were observed according to the type of asthma supervision. The current results strongly support the need to improve the management of asthma in primary care, and the coordination of care between general practitioners and specialists. 相似文献
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46.
This is the third and final part of a series of articles that report the findings of a study that investigated the effects of a summer externship program on the transition into a professional role among nurses who participated in a summer nurse externship program at an acute care pediatric hospital. Specifically, this article reports the retention and recruitment benefits of a summer nurse externship program for the institution from 1998 through 2003. A total of 153 externs out of the 193 (79.0%) assumed a registered nurse position at the institution, and 77% remained in that role for 12 months. Overall, the nurse extern program for this institution appeared to be an effective recruitment and retention strategy that is on par with the institution and national data for retention and turnover data. 相似文献
47.
Sally Ann Lederman 《Journal of human lactation》2006,22(4):387; author reply 387-387; author reply 388
48.
Treatment of the dumping syndrome with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
In six patients suffering from severe early dumping and six patients with late dumping after peptic ulcer surgery, the effect of the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 was compared with placebo. In early dumpers subcutaneous administration of 50 micrograms SMS 201-995 prior to meal ingestion induced a strong improvement of dumping symptoms as reflected by a decrease of the Sigstad dumping score from 12 +/- 2 during placebo to 5 +/- 2 (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the postprandial increase of pulse rate was abolished; maximum pulse rate decreased from 85 +/- 7 beats/min to 67 +/- 7 beats/min (p less than 0.05). SMS 201-995 did not significantly affect postprandial changes in packed cell volume. In late dumpers 50 micrograms SMS 201-995 reduced peak plasma insulin after oral glucose from 173 +/- 16 mU/L during placebo to 35 +/- 9 mU/L during SMS 201-995 (p less than 0.05) and increased individual plasma glucose nadirs from 1.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/L to 7.5 +/- 3.3 mmol/L (p less than 0.01). Both in early and late dumpers SMS 201-995 improved postprandial expiratory breath hydrogen excretion indicating slowing of gastrointestinal hurry. SMS 201-995 is a powerful therapeutic agent for the management of patients suffering from the dumping syndrome after gastric surgery. 相似文献
49.
50.
Van Landeghem G; Haese P; Lamberts L; Barata J; DeBroe M 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(8):1692-1698
Background: The association between aluminium and
dialysis encephalopathy and deterioration of the neurological state during
desferrioxamine treatment of dialysis patients is well established. At
present little is known about the speciation and the mechanisms underlying
the element's neurotoxicity. Methods. Aluminium speciation was performed in
cerebrospinal fluid samples of acutely aluminium-intoxicated dialysis
patients using a recently developed high-performance liquid
chromatographic/electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometric hybrid
method. Results: Baseline cerebrospinal fluid
aluminium levels of samples taken shortly after the intoxication were low
but elevated (5.0±2.0 &mgr;g/l, n=3) as compared to subjects
with normal renal function (<1 &mgr;g/l). In contrast to the
situation noted in serum and to the iron speciation in cerebrospinal fluid,
aluminium was not bound to transferrin but appeared as two distinct
compounds, the main fraction eluting at the elution volume of aluminium
citrate/silicate. The second compound was not identified. Forty-four hours
after desferrioxamine administration the cerebrospinal fluid aluminium
levels had increased up to a concentration of 10.3±2.5
&mgr;g/l (n=3). This was accompanied by a change in the speciation
profile with aluminium appearing at the elution volume of aluminoxamine.
Conclusion: Our findings may contribute to a better
understanding of the neurotoxic effects of aluminium and its
desferrioxamine chelate in dialysis patients. 相似文献