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991.
Kerstin Wolk Harald S. Haugen Wenfeng Xu Ellen Witte Kim Waggie Monica Anderson Elmar vom Baur Katrin Witte Katarzyna Warszawska Sandra Philipp Caroline Johnson-Leger Hans-Dieter Volk Wolfram Sterry Robert Sabat 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2009,87(5):523-536
Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease with a largely unknown pathogenesis. We demonstrate here that transgenic over-expression
of interleukin (IL)-22 in mice resulted in neonatal mortality and psoriasis-like skin alterations including acanthosis and
hypogranularity. This cutaneous phenotype may be caused by the direct influence of IL-22 on keratinocytes, since this cytokine
did not affect skin fibroblasts, endothelial cells, melanocytes, or adipocytes. The comparison of cytokines with hypothesized
roles in psoriasis pathogenesis determined that neither interferon (IFN)-γ nor IL-17, but only IL-22 and, with lower potency,
IL-20 caused psoriasis-like morphological changes in a three-dimensional human epidermis model. These changes were associated
with inhibited keratinocyte terminal differentiation and with STAT3 upregulation. The IL-22 effect on differentiation-regulating
genes was STAT3-dependent. In contrast to IL-22 and IL-20, IFN-γ and IL-17 strongly induced T-cell and neutrophilic granulocyte-attracting
chemokines, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-α potently induced diverse chemokines and additionally enhanced the expression
of IL-22 receptor pathway elements and amplified some IL-22 effects. This study suggests that different cytokines are players
in the psoriasis pathogenesis although only the IL-10 family members IL-22 and IL-20 directly cause the characteristic epidermal
alterations.
Kerstin Wolk and Harald S. Haugen equally contributed to this work. 相似文献
992.
Objectives
Gynaecological cancer is common. It is highly amenable to effective treatment, but thrombosis remains a common complication. There is controversy about whether microparticles (MPs), particularly tissue factor (TF) positive MPs, are increased in patients with malignancy and/or thrombosis. We therefore set out to investigate the relationship between MPs of different cellular origins, in patients with gynaecological malignancy. We hypothesised that patients with gynaecological malignancy have increased numbers of MPs. We measured MPs released by different cell types in these patients, and correlated the results with measures of haemostatic activation.Methods
We measured the number of platelet-derived MPs (PMPs), endothelial cell-derived MPs (EMPs), leucocyte-derived MPs (LMPs), TF+ve MPs and annexin V (AV) binding MPs in fresh plasma by flow cytometry in patients with gynaecological malignancy and a control group. We also measured D-dimers, prothrombin fragments 1 and 2 (PF1&2) and thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) complexes as indirect markers of haemostatic activation.Results
The number of MPs (from all cell types) was similar in the two patient groups, with no significant differences. The number of circulating TF+ve MPs was also similar between the two groups. D-dimers (p < 0.001) and PF1&2 (p = 0.009) were significantly higher in the malignant group reflecting haemostatic activation, but there was no correlation between the level of D-dimers, PF1&2 and TAT and MP numbers.Conclusion
Using fresh samples, MPs were not significantly increased in patients with gynaecological malignancy. There was, however, evidence of haemostatic activation in the patients with malignancy, but no correlation between the number of MPs and haemostatic activation. 相似文献993.
It has been estimated that roughly 25% of all Deaf women in the United States are victims of intimate partner violence (Abused Deaf Women's Advocacy Services [ADWAS]), a figure similar to annual prevalence rates of 16% to 30% for intimate partners in the general population. One goal of the present study was to ascertain the prevalence of intimate partner violence victimization in a sample of Deaf female college students. When comparing the prevalence of physical assault, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion victimization to hearing female undergraduates, the current sample was approximately two times as likely to have experienced victimization in the past year. 相似文献
994.
Anderson D 《Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health》2011,56(3):222-239
Parenteral opioids for pain relief during labor have been the subject of research for many decades. Commonly used systemic opioids provide limited pain relief during labor yet are used extensively for managing labor pain. These opioids share similar pharmacologic profiles but differ in potency, pharmacokinetics, and side effects. This article reviews the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical research related to the commonly used systemic labor pain analgesics morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, remifentanil, butorphanol, and nalbuphine. 相似文献
995.
996.
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a novel species belonging to the viridans group streptococci (VGS). Accurate species identification is challenging due to significant homology to other VGS. Whole-genome sequencing of S. pseudopneumoniae suggests it most likely originated from Streptococcus pneumoniae, sharing many of its virulence genes. There are several limitations when using traditional phenotypic identification methods to identify this organism. Other identification approaches include genotypic methods, pherotype analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. S. pseudopneumoniae is most commonly isolated from respiratory specimens, and its associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and aspiration pneumonia have been previously described, suggesting that the organism treads the fine line between commensal and pathogen. Recent isolation of S. pseudopneumoniae from blood raises the important question of its clinical relevance. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S. pseudopneumoniae indicate a higher level of resistance than other VGS. However, further information may be required to determine the choice of breakpoints. 相似文献
997.
Christa Smolarchuk Lin Fu Zhu William F. N. Chan Colin C. Anderson 《European journal of immunology》2014,44(8):2263-2273
Cervical thymus mimics the thoracic thymus in supporting T‐cell development and exists in a subset of mice and humans. Importantly, it remains unknown whether the cervical thymus can generate T cells that are self‐tolerant in the complete absence of signals from the thoracic thymus. Using a fetal liver reconstitution model in thoracic thymectomized RAG?/? mice, we found that T cells could be generated without contribution from the thoracic thymus. However, these mice had decreased T cells, increased proportions of effector memory T cells and Treg phenotype cells, increased serum IgG1/2b, and increased frequency of T cells expressing IFN‐γ, IL‐17 or IL‐10. Half of the mice that received a thoracic thymectomy and fetal liver cells, unlike sham surgery controls, developed substantial morbidity with age. Disease was associated with lymphopenia‐driven activation rather than inherent defects in the cervical thymus, as both thoracic and cervical thymocytes could generate disease in lymphopenic recipients. Administration of the homeostatic cytokine IL‐7 caused a rapid, transient increase in T‐cell numbers and reduced the time to disease onset. Together the data suggests that the cervical thymus can function in the complete absence of the thoracic thymus; however, the T cells generated do not establish homeostasis. 相似文献
998.
Application of central immunologic concepts to cancer: Helping T cells and B cells become intolerant of tumors 下载免费PDF全文
Colin C. Anderson 《European journal of immunology》2014,44(7):1921-1924
CD4‐mediated T‐cell help in the activation of CD8+ T cells and B cells, through linked‐recognition of antigenic determinants, is a long‐standing concept foundational to our understanding of immunity (presence of help) versus tolerance (lack of help). Surprisingly, this function of CD4+ T cells has not been extensively examined as a means to overcome immune tolerance of the self‐antigens made by tumor cells. Hesitation to employ this powerful mechanism may be due to the potential to cause unwanted autoimmune pathology. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Snook et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 1956–1966] identify a state of split tolerance, showing that CD4+ T cells specific for a number of tumor‐associated self‐antigens are robustly tolerant, while their CD8+ T‐cell and B‐cell counterparts are far less tolerant. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that provision of linked foreign helper epitopes, such as influenza hemagglutinin, substantially enhances both CD8+ T‐cell and B‐cell responses to tumor self‐antigens without causing any overt autoimmune pathology. These findings provide a strong rationale to employ foreign helper epitopes in cancer vaccines and highlight the need to fully explore therapeutic strategies that are based on well‐established immunologic concepts. 相似文献
999.
Background
Participation in regular physical activity is among the most promising and cost effective strategies to reduce physical and cognitive decline and premature death. However, confusion remains about the amount, frequency, and duration of physical activity that is likely to provide maximum benefit as well as the way in which interventions should be delivered.Aims
This paper aimed to review research on the impact of leisure-time and general physical activity levels on physical and cognitive decline in postmenopausal women. In a systematic review of the literature, empirical literature from 2009 to 2013 is reviewed to explore the potential impact of either commencing or sustaining physical activity on older women's health.Results
All studies found that physical activity was associated with lower rates of cognitive and physical decline and a significant reduction in all-cause mortality. In this review we found that exercise interventions (or lifestyle activities) that improved cardiorespiratory exercise capacity showed the most positive impact on physical health.Conclusions
Findings suggest that programs should facilitate and support women to participate in regular exercise by embedding physical activity programs in public health initiatives, by developing home-based exercise programs that require few resources and by creating interventions that can incorporate physical activity within a healthy lifestyle. The review also suggests that clinicians should consider prescribing exercise in a tailored manner for older women to ensure that it is of a high enough intensity to obtain the positive sustained effects of exercise. 相似文献1000.
N Ontiveros J A Tye-Din M Y Hardy R P Anderson 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2014,175(2):305-315
T cell cytokine release assays are used to diagnose infectious diseases, but not autoimmune or allergic disease. Coeliac disease (CD) is a common T cell-mediated disease diagnosed by the presence of gluten-dependent intestinal inflammation and serology. Many patients cannot be diagnosed with CD because they reduce dietary gluten before medical workup. Oral gluten challenge in CD patients treated with gluten-free diet (GFD) mobilizes gluten-reactive T cells measurable by interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramers. Immunodominant peptides are quite consistent in the 90% of patients who possess HLA-DQ2·5. We aimed to develop whole blood assays to detect gluten-specific T cells. Blood was collected before and after gluten challenge from GFD donors confirmed to have CD (n = 27, all HLA-DQ2·5+), GFD donors confirmed not to have CD (n = 6 HLA-DQ2·5+, 11 HLA-DQ2·5−) and donors with CD not following GFD (n = 4, all HLA-DQ2·5+). Plasma IFN-γ and IFN-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after whole blood incubation with peptides or gliadin, and correlated with IFN-γ ELISPOT. No T cell assay could distinguish between CD patients and controls prior to gluten challenge, but after gluten challenge the whole blood IFN-γ ELISA and the ELISPOT were both 85% sensitive and 100% specific for HLA-DQ2·5+ CD patients; the whole blood IP-10 ELISA was 94% sensitive and 100% specific. We conclude that whole blood cytokine release assays are sensitive and specific for detection of gluten-reactive T cells in CD; further clinical studies addressing the utility of these tests in patients with an uncertain diagnosis of CD is warranted. 相似文献