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71.
72.
ABSTRACT The presented study covered the analysis of 7 Internet media portrayals and 188 readers’ spontaneous Internet comments about a case of two adolescents who survived a serious suicide attempt. Articles with photographs attracted the most responses (82%), irrespective of the length and content of the articles. More than half of the comments expressed readers’ negative attitude (ironic 31% and angry 28%) while 21% of them remained neutral or indifferent. Twenty one percent of readers tried to initiate a serious discussion about the causes and prevention of suicide. An association was found between the style of media reporting and the number of readers’ comments as well as certain aspects of the content of the comments. Inadequate reporting of suicidal behavior is associated with comments expressing oversimplified attitudes towards suicide. The influence of suicide reporting on the Internet on attitude formation in the general population should not be underestimated. 相似文献
73.
74.
Peter Parzer Gloria Fischer Vladimir Carli Christina W. Hoven Camilla Wasserman Marco Sarchiapone Franz Resch Alan Apter Judith Balazs Shira Barzilay Julio Bobes Paul Corcoran Doina Cosmanm Christian Haring Miriam Iosuec Jean‐Pierre Kahn Helen Keeley Gergely Meszaros Bogdan Nemes Tina Podlogar Vita Postuvan Pilar A. Saiz Merike Sisask Alexandra Tubiana Airi Varnik Danuta Wasserman 《Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines》2014,55(4):337-348
75.
Michael Kaess Tony Durkee Romuald Brunner Vladimir Carli Peter Parzer Camilla Wasserman Marco Sarchiapone Christina Hoven Alan Apter Judit Balazs Maria Balint Julio Bobes Renaud Cohen Doina Cosman Padraig Cotter Gloria Fischer Birgitta Floderus Miriam Iosue Christian Haring Jean-Pierre Kahn George J. Musa Bogdan Nemes Vita Postuvan Franz Resch Pilar A. Saiz Merike Sisask Avigal Snir Airi Varnik Janina Žiberna Danuta Wasserman 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2014,23(11):1093-1102
Rising global rates of pathological Internet use (PIU) and related psychological impairments have gained considerable attention in recent years. In an effort to acquire evidence-based knowledge of this relationship, the main objective of this study was to investigate the association between PIU, psychopathology and self-destructive behaviours among school-based adolescents in eleven European countries. This cross-sectional study was implemented within the framework of the European Union project: Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe. A representative sample of 11,356 school-based adolescents (M/F: 4,856/6,500; mean age: 14.9) was included in the analyses. PIU was assessed using the Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire. Psychopathology was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Self-destructive behaviours were evaluated by the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory and Paykel Suicide Scale. Results showed that suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts), depression, anxiety, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention were significant and independent predictors of PIU. The correlation between PIU, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention was stronger among females, while the link between PIU and symptoms of depression, anxiety and peer relationship problems was stronger among males. The association between PIU, psychopathology and self-destructive behaviours was stronger in countries with a higher prevalence of PIU and suicide rates. These findings ascertain that psychopathology and suicidal behaviours are strongly related to PIU. This association is significantly influenced by gender and country suggesting socio-cultural influences. At the clinical and public health levels, targeting PIU among adolescents in the early stages could potentially lead to improvements of psychological well-being and a reduction of suicidal behaviours. 相似文献
76.
Airi Han Kyoung Eun Lee Hae Kyung Lee Yeon Hee Park Jeryoung Kim Sung-Won Kim Kyung Hae Jung Byung-Ho Son Korean Breast Cancer Treatment Consensus Conference Panelists 《JOURNAL OF BREAST CANCER》2014,17(4):308-313
The first Korean Breast Cancer Treatment Consensus ConferenceExpert Panel reviewed and endorsed new evidence on aspects of local and regional therapies and diagnostic procedures that support the conservative application of results from recent clinical trials. This conference clarified the barriers that limit the application of recent clinical trial results, such as questions about level of evidence, differences between the setting of clinical trials and that of daily clinical practice, and medical necessities and environment. Detailed decisions recommended for the treatment and diagnosis, according to the from the consensus conference, are recorded including details of the votes. These recommendations differed in the degree of support for clinical consideration of disease extent and host factors, medical necessities, and environment. 相似文献
77.
Lotta Krogius-Kurikka Anna Lyra Erja Malinen Johannes Aarnikunnas Jarno Tuimala Lars Paulin Harri Mäkivuokko Kajsa Kajander Airi Palva 《BMC gastroenterology》2009,9(1):1-11
Background
The HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa has had a major impact on infectious disease, and there is currently great interest in the impact of HIV on intestinal barrier function. A three year longitudinal cohort study in a shanty compound in Lusaka, Zambia, carried out before anti-retroviral therapy was widely available, was used to assess the impact of HIV on susceptibility to intestinal infectious disease. We measured the incidence and seasonality of intestinal infection and diarrhoea, aggregation of disease in susceptible individuals, clustering by co-habitation and genetic relatedness, and the disease-to-infection ratio.Methods
Adults living in a small section of Misisi, Lusaka, were interviewed every two weeks to ascertain the incidence of diarrhoea. Monthly stool samples were analysed for selected pathogens. HIV status and CD4 count were determined annually.Results
HIV seroprevalence was 31% and the prevalence of immunosuppression (CD4 count 200 cells/μL or less) was 10%. Diarrhoea incidence was 1.1 episodes per year and the Incidence Rate Ratio for HIV infection was 2.4 (95%CI 1.7–3.3; p < 0.001). The disease-to-infection ratio was increased at all stages of HIV infection. Aggregation of diarrhoea in susceptible individuals was observed irrespective of immunosuppression, but there was little evidence of clustering by co-habitation or genetic relatedness. There was no evidence of aggregation of asymptomatic infections.Conclusion
HIV has an impact on intestinal infection at all stages, with an increased disease-to-infection ratio. The aggregation of disease in susceptible individuals irrespective of CD4 count suggests that this phenomenon is not a function of cell mediated immunity. 相似文献78.
Algi Samm Liina-Mai Tooding Merike Sisask Kairi Kõlves Katrin Aasvee Airi Värnik 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2010,19(5):457-468
Depressive feelings and suicidal ideation in a non-clinical sample of adolescents in Estonia were analysed in the context
of family structure, mutual relationships amongst family members and schoolchildren’s preferences regarding intimate personal
contacts with particular family members. Data from the WHO collaborative study ‘Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2005/2006’
(HBSC) were used. A representative sample of schoolchildren aged 11, 13 and 15 years completed the semi-structured questionnaire.
The analyses included only adolescents living in households with at least one birth parent. The subjects were 4,389 schoolchildren
(2,178 boys and 2,211 girls), who were divided into three groups based on: (1) suicidal thoughts, with or without depressive
feelings; (2) depressive feelings; and (3) neither suicidal thoughts nor depressive feelings. Multinomial logistic regression
was used. The proportion of depressive feelings increased with age for both boys and girls. Girls expressed depressive feelings
more frequently than boys from ages 13 and 15 years, and suicidal thoughts from age 15 years. Self-reported satisfaction with
relationships in the family reduced the likelihood of depressive feelings and suicidal thoughts. Good communication with the
parents reduced the likelihood of suicidal thoughts in all age groups. Adolescents who were satisfied with their family relationships
suffered less frequently from depressive feelings and suicidal thoughts. The best environment for an adolescent was a family
with both birth parents. Of the adolescents in ‘non-intact’ families, those with a step-parent in the family showed suicidal
thoughts more frequently than those in single-parent families. Associations between family-related variables and suicidal
thoughts were significant even after adjusting for family economic deprivation score. 相似文献
79.
The past decade has produced significant advances in our understanding of antigen-presenting cells, tumor antigens, and other components of the immune response to cancer. Gene-based vaccination is emerging as one of the more promising approaches for loading dendritic cells (DC) with tumor-associated antigens. In this respect, it is proposed that adenoviral (AdV) vectors can deliver high antigen concentrations, promote effective processing and MHC expression, and stimulate potent cell-mediated immunity. While AdV vectors have performed well in pre-clinical vaccine models, their application to patient care has limitations. The in vivo administration of AdV vectors is associated with both innate and adaptive host responses that result in tissue inflammation and injury, viral neutralization, and premature clearance of AdV-transduced cells. A variety of strategies have been developed to address these limitations. The ideal vaccine would avoid vector-related immune responses, have relative specificity for transducing DC, and induce high levels of transgene expression. This review describes the range of host responses to AdV vaccines, identifies strategies to reduce viral recognition and enhance transgene antigen expression, and suggests future approaches to vector development and administration. There is every reason to believe that safer and more effective forms of AdV-based vaccines can be developed and applied to patient therapy. 相似文献