Surgical treatment for pulmonary hydatidosis (a review of 422 cases)

OBJECTIVE: Hydatidosis in man is frequently encountered in sheep and cattle raising regions of the world. We reviewed 422 patients, treated surgically for pulmonary hydatid disease in our clinic between January 1980 and January 1998, assessing the clinical features and results of results of operative treatment management in our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 52 of the patients were female and 370 were male. The median age of the patients was 33 years (range, 11 to 66 years). The cysts were located in the right lung in 214 (50.7%) patients, the left lung in 156 (37%) and bilaterally in 17 (4%) cases. We found an intrathoracic extrapulmonary cyst in 35 (8.3%) patients. We performed enucleation and capitonnage in 202 cases, wedge resection in 40, cystotomy and capitonnage in 171, and lobectomy in 9 patients. The high-risk patients were treated with Albendazol (10 mg/kg/day), for a period of 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnosis was based primarily on chest roentgenograms and led to correct diagnosis in 347 cases (82.2%). An additional computerised tomography (CT) scan in 56 cases and magnetic resonavive imaging (MRI) were required in 15 cases. The diagnosis is established intraoperatively in 4 cases. Most (296) patients presented with a solitary lung cyst. The rest were found to have multiple cysts in one or more lobes. 87 of 422 also had cysts in the liver, 19 in the spleen, and 1 in the pancreas. The follow-up data was completed in 392 of 422 (92.8%) patients. The mean follow-up period was 4.3 years (2 to 19 years). We detected recurrence in 3 patients (0.71%). CONCLUSION: The effective treatment of hydatid cyst(s) in the lung is complete excision of the cyst(s) with maximum preservation of the lung parenchyma. Additional medical treatment with Albendazole should be carried out for high-risk group patients.     

Phases of A beta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD

BACKGROUND: The deposition of the amyloid beta protein (Abeta) is a histopathologic hallmark of AD. The regions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are hierarchically involved in Abeta-deposition. OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether there is a hierarchical involvement of the regions of the entire brain as well and whether there are differences in the expansion of Abeta-pathology between clinically proven AD cases and nondemented cases with AD-related pathology, the authors investigated 47 brains from demented and nondemented patients with AD-related pathology covering all phases of beta-amyloidosis in the MTL (AbetaMTL phases) and four control brains without any AD-related pathology. METHODS: Abeta deposits were detected by the use of the Campbell-Switzer silver technique and by immunohistochemistry in sections covering all brain regions and brainstem nuclei. It was analyzed how often distinct regions exhibited Abeta deposits. RESULTS: In the first of five phases in the evolution of beta-amyloidosis Abeta deposits are found exclusively in the neocortex. The second phase is characterized by the additional involvement of allocortical brain regions. In phase 3, diencephalic nuclei, the striatum, and the cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain exhibit Abeta deposits as well. Several brainstem nuclei become additionally involved in phase 4. Phase 5, finally, is characterized by cerebellar Abeta-deposition. The 17 clinically proven AD cases exhibit Abeta-phases 3, 4, or 5. The nine nondemented cases with AD-related Abeta pathology show Abeta-phases 1, 2, or 3. CONCLUSIONS: Abeta-deposition in the entire brain follows a distinct sequence in which the regions are hierarchically involved. Abeta-deposition, thereby, expands anterogradely into regions that receive neuronal projections from regions already exhibiting Abeta. There are also indications that clinically proven AD cases with full-blown beta-amyloidosis may be preceded in early stages by nondemented cases exhibiting AD-related Abeta pathology.     

超滤法分析黄芪水煎液中胶体态铜的分布

目的建立黄芪水煎液中胶体态铜的分析方法。方法采用0.45μm微孔滤膜、截留相对分子质量为14万、5万、1万、0.4万超滤膜组成的超滤系统,对黄芪水煎液进行分级处理,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定超滤液中元素铜。结果截留相对分子质量1万的超滤膜对相对分子质量4万的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)具有良好的截留效率(0.99)和较小的吸附损失(4.3%);元素铜在超滤过程中的回收率介于93.8%~105.1%之间,RSD<12.2%;黄芪水煎液可溶态中,元素铜主要与相对分子质量大于5万和小于0.4万的胶体颗粒结合,这与黄芪多糖分子质量分布相吻合。结论本法操作简便、快速,适用于黄芪水煎液中胶体态铜的分析,结果令人满意。     

经食管超声心动图引导经颈静脉封堵婴儿房间隔缺损（附13例报告）

目的　探讨经食管超声心动图引导下经颈静脉封堵婴儿房间隔缺损的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年3月在青岛市妇女儿童医院经食管超声心动图引导经右侧颈静脉行房间隔缺损封堵的13例1岁以内房间隔缺损患儿，评价手术效果、手术时间及并发症等临床资料。结果　13例婴儿均封堵成功，食管超声心动图可准确引导输送轨道的建立，手术时间（27.2±15.1）min。全部患儿封堵器形态满意、位置固定，无新发心律失常、溶血、栓塞、感染、气胸、血胸及心血管损伤等并发症。结论　经食管超声心动图引导下经右侧颈静脉封堵婴儿房间隔缺损方法可行，可避免外科手术风险及低年龄、低体重患儿介入血管并发症，同时可避免潜在的辐射损伤。     

浙江地区新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症的遗传学分析

目的　分析浙江地区新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase，G6PD）缺乏症的基因突变特点，探讨其遗传多样性。方法　以2015年3月至2017年9月在浙江地区出生、经浙江省新生儿遗传代谢筛查中心G6PD缺乏症筛查发现的2242例患儿为对象，收集其新生儿筛查的G6PD活性值与剩余干滤纸血斑，并提取其血斑的基因组DNA。采用MassARRAY技术检测35个G6PD突变位点。采用SPSS 22.0软件统计分析基因型与G6PD活性的关系，P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果　2163例检出突变，总检出率为96.47%，其中男性为96.51%（1995/2067），女性为96%（168/175）。共检出21种突变位点，44种变异基因型，其中男性半合子19型，女性杂合子14型，女性纯合子3型，女性复合杂合8型。95.93%的G6PD突变位于12、9、2、5外显子，其中c.1376G＞T、c.1388G＞A、c.1024C＞T、c.95A＞G、c.871G＞A、c.392G＞T占92.96%。c.1376G＞T、c.1388G＞A、c.1024C＞T、c.95A＞G四种基因型的G6PD活性差异有统计学意义（P＜0.0001）。结论　浙江地区G6PD缺乏症存在基因突变热点，c.1024 C＞T的突变频率具有明显地域特征，MassARRAY技术检测特定G6PD突变位点可推荐为G6PD缺乏症的二级筛查方法之一。     

Adjustable laparoscopic gastric banding in patients with morbid obesity: radiographic management, results, and postoperative complications

PURPOSE: To determine the role of radiographic assessment in patients who underwent an adjustable laparoscopic gastric banding (ALGB) for the treatment of morbid obesity, and to evaluate the frequency and type of postoperative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 1995 to March 1998, 98 consecutive patients (18 men, 80 women; mean age, 39 years; age range, 22-62 years) with morbid obesity (mean body weight, 132 kg; mean body mass index, 47.1 kg/m(2)) underwent ALGB. In all patients, fluoroscopy was performed postoperatively to confirm band position and to exclude perforation and at 6-8 weeks later to measure and adjust the stoma between the pouch and stomach for optimal weight loss. All patients underwent another examination 12 months postoperatively, whereas patients with unsatisfactory weight loss or patients suspected of having complications were examined earlier and on several occasions. RESULTS: Port puncture was feasible in all cases, and stomal adjustments could easily be repeated. Absolute (ie, total) weight loss after 1 year ranged from 8.8% to 39.2% (mean, 18.3%). Twenty patients showed unsatisfactory weight loss. No early complications occurred. Late complications occurred in 34 patients and included pouch dilatation (concentric or eccentric with posterior slippage), eccentric band herniation, band penetration, disconnection, axial pouch herniation, and port-site infection. CONCLUSION: ALGB is an effective method in the treatment of morbid obesity. Radiographic assessments are crucial in the management of weight loss and detection of postoperative complications.     

生脉注射液联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌36例临床观察

目的：观察生脉注射液对减轻晚期胃癌患者化疗药物副反应和改善生存质量的作用。方法：将68名患者随机分为治疗组36例和对照组32例，2组均接受ELF方案静脉化疗2周期，治疗组化疗期间加生脉注射液治疗，共4周。观察2组近期疗效、治疗后生存质量评分、毒副作用、化疗期间血白细胞改变等。结果：近期疗效有效率、止痛有效率治疗组分别为47．22％、55．56％，对照组分别为21．88％、31．25％，2组比较，差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。2组治疗后生存质量（KPS评分）比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组恶心呕吐、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）升高发生率明显低于对照组，2组比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗后白细胞下降不明显，与治疗前比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；对照组治疗后白细胞下降明显，与治疗前比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：生脉注射液联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌，可明显提高有效率，并能减少药物毒副作用，改善患者生存质量。     

去甲斑蝥素微球介入治疗对大鼠肝癌细胞凋亡和细胞增殖相关基因表达影响的研究

目的：探讨去甲斑蝥素微球介入治疗对大鼠肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法：89只肝癌大鼠随机分组后，分别经肝动脉注入生理盐水，去甲斑蝥素，空白微球，去甲斑蝥素加碘油，去甲斑蝥素微球。治疗后每组取8只观察生存时间，治疗后第8天处死余下大鼠，取肿瘤组织采用TUNEL标记法检测细胞凋亡指数，免疫组化SP法检测肝癌组织caspase-3，bcl-2，Ki67的表达。结果：治疗后N-MS（去甲斑蝥微球）组大鼠生存期明显长于其他各组（P〈0．01）。NMS组凋亡指数和caspase-3阳性率均高于其他各组（P〈0．01）；NMS组bcl-2阳性率和Ki67表达率低于其他各组（P〈0．01）。结论：去甲斑蝥素微球介入治疗能够延长肝癌大鼠的生存期；其介入治疗肝癌的机制与抑制Ki-67、bcl-2基因表达，上调caspase-3表达，从而抑制肝癌细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡有关。     

干扰素α-1b联合川芎嗪治疗慢性乙型肝炎40例疗效观察

目的：观察干扰素联合川芎嗪治疗慢性乙肝的疗效。方法：40例患者随机分为两组，对照组18例仅用肝得健等一般常规护肝药及多种维生素治疗，不用抗病毒药物；治疗组22例用干扰素α-1b300万U肌肉注射，同时加用川芎嗪治疗。结果：HBeAg、HBV—DNA阴转率无论在治疗结束时还是治疗后1年，治疗组与对照组之间差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）。HBeAg阴转同时伴HBV—DNA阴转率、抗-HBe阳转率，治疗组也显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：干扰素联合川芎嗪治疗慢性乙肝效果好。