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??Value of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer SUN Xiao*, LIU Juan-juan, WANG Yong-sheng, et al. *Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, China
Correcponding author: WANG Yong-sheng, E-mail: wangysh2008@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract Objectives Background Although preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients is undergone commonly, its clinical significance remains controversial. Methods Firstly, a database containing 716 consecutive breast cancer patients who received preoperative lymphoscintigraphy before SLNB was retrospectively analyzed. Secondly, 565 consecutive breast cancer patients were prospectively randomized into groups with or without preoperative lymphoscintigraphy before SLNB. Results In the retrospective study, sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were well imaged by lymphoscintigraphy in 86.6% patients, and negative lymphoscintigraphy results were associated with axillary node metastases. Failure of identification of SLNs by isotope alone was associated with whether axillary hot spot was imaged by lymphoscintigram (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the false negative rate (P=0.731) of SLNB by isotope alone, in the identification rate (P=0.174) and the false negative rate (P=0.947) of SLNB by combination of dye and isotope between patients who had axillary hot spot in lymphoscintigram and those who had not. In the prospective study, 290 patients were randomized into the group with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (82.1% patients were well imaged by lymphoscintigraphy) and 275 patients without. There were no significant differences between two groups in the identification rate (P=0.757) and the false negative rate (P=1.00) of SLNB by isotope alone, also in the identification rate (P=1.00) and the false negative rate (P=1.00) of SLNB by combination of dye and isotope. Conclusion Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy could not improve the identification rate and reduce the false negative rate of SLNB in breast cancer patients, and it is not a prerequisite for SLNB.     

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??Ultrasound characteristics of thyroid microcarcinoma PAN Fu-shun*??XIE Xiao-yan??LI Xiao-xi??et al. *Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou 510080,China
Corresponding author??XIE Xiao-yan??E-mail??xxy1992@live.cn
Abstract Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods The ultrasound imaging of thirty-four cases of thyroid microcarcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology between January 2003 and January 2009 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University was analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-two (94.1%) cases were detected as hypo-echo nodules. Twenty-eight (85.3%) cases were with irregular shape. Twenty-six (76.5%) cases were with irregular edges calcification. Blood flow was detected in 7 cases with CDFI and lymph node metastasis was found in 4 cases. Conclusion Hypo-echo nodules, regular shape, irregular edges and calcification are the ultrasound characteristic. Comprehending the characteristics may improve the pre-operation diagnosis efficacy.     

氨磷汀预防顺铂所致肾毒性

目的观察氨磷汀对顺铂所致肾毒性的预防性保护作用。方法随机将大鼠分成5组,即空白对照组,顺铂5mg·kg-1组,顺铂7.5mg·kg-1组,顺铂5mg·kg-1 氨磷汀200mg·kg-1组和顺铂7.5mg·kg-1 氨磷汀200mg·kg-1组,分别测定肾脏脏器系数、血尿素氮、肌酐水平,并做肾组织病理学检查。结果顺铂5mg·kg-1及7.5mg·kg-1组大鼠BUN、Cr值均明显高于对照组和加用氨磷汀组,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);氨磷汀组肾脏脏器系数明显下降,病理分级显示氨磷汀肾损害保护率分别为61.5%和56.8%。结论氨磷汀能有效地预防顺铂所致肾毒性。     

多西环素牙周缓释凝胶的配方筛选研究

目的探索一种牙周缓释凝胶的最佳配方。方法将聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)浓度、溶剂配比和多西环素浓度按三个水平作正交设计,进行体外释放度试验,以第6天的释放百分率和凝结时间的综合分为指标,计算极差。结果按极差大小,PLGA浓度>溶剂配比>多西环素浓度,最佳配方为PLGA浓度15%,1MP:GTA=7:3,多西环素浓度为6%。结论用正交设计进行配方筛选是一种较好的试验方法。     

白及多糖提取工艺的研究

目的对从白及块茎中提取多糖的工艺进行改进,为白及多糖的开发提供理论依据。方法采用煎煮前浸泡24 h及加入一定量ZTC1 1(Ⅱ)型天然澄清剂等新工艺,运用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量及转移率。结果在提取液中,加入澄清剂4%的B组分、2%的A组分,且B∶A=2∶1,共澄清4 h,白及多糖含量及转移率均明显提高,且提取效果最好。结论白及多糖提取新工艺值得推广。     

丙泊酚靶控输注用于儿童鼾症鼻内镜手术

目的评价丙泊酚靶控输注在儿童鼻内镜手术中对血压、心率、术野出血及术后苏醒过程的影响。方法86例因腺样体肥大拟行手术患儿,ASA为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,随机分成二组,每组43例,B组行丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉,I组行异氟醚吸入麻醉。分别观察手术开始后10,25,45 m in血压、心率变化及术野质量评分,记录术毕患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间,观察术后恶心、呕吐、躁动的发生率。结果①两组收缩压、舒张压和术野质量评分无显著差异;②B组患儿术后自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间显著短于I组;③I组并发症高于B组。结论丙泊酚靶控输注用于儿童鼻内镜手术,血压、心率、术野质量评分佳,术毕麻醉恢复更为迅速、优良。     

Trabecular aspiration in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma--surgery to primarily reduce intraocular pressure

BACKGROUND: Trabecular aspiration has been discussed during the past few years as a new surgical method in the treatment of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. In this procedure PEX-material, pigment and detritus are aspirated from the trabecular meshwork. Trabecular aspiration has been evaluated mainly in combination with cataract extraction. This study reports on our first experiences concerning the IOP-reducing effect of trabecular aspiration as a primary surgical method in the management of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. MATERIALS: 17 eyes of 14 patients (7 m, 7 f; 12 OD, 5 OS; age 71 +/- 6 years) with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma were included in this study and operated on by standardised trabecular aspiration (vacuum max. 200 mm Hg, 180 - 270 degrees, 5 min). Therapy success was defined as an IOP reduction by more than 20 % and less than 21 mm Hg. RESULTS: Therapy success was 82 % (14 out of 17) on the first postoperative day, 50 % after 30 days (8 out of 16) and 23 % after 180 days (3 out of 13). IOP was 26.8 +/- 8.5 mm Hg before surgical intervention, 18.1 +/- 11.4 mm Hg after 1 day, 19.1 +/- 7.9 mm Hg after 30 days and 19.2 +/- 5.2 mm Hg after 180 days. Mean quantity of antiglaucomatous eye drops application was 3.1 +/- 0.9 preoperatively, 0.9 +/- 1.6 after 1 day, 0.8 +/- 1.2 after 30 days and 1.0 +/- 1.3 after 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: Trabecular aspiration achieves a good short-term effect in the reduction of IOP in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. However, this effect was limited to a few weeks in most patients. Trabecular aspiration as a primary surgical method in the management of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma does not appear to be suitable for long-term IOP reduction.