Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中股动脉插管的应用

目的 :探讨经股动脉插管行主动脉夹层动脉瘤手术的应用。方法 :88例StanfordA型主动脉夹层动脉瘤经股动脉插管建立体外循环进行手术 ,其中 2 6例深低温停循环。结果 :8例 (9. 1% )在术中出现假腔灌注 ;4例 (4. 5 % )脑部并发症 (2例广泛脑缺氧 ,2例脑栓塞 ) ,2例死亡 ,1例不清醒 ,1例偏瘫 ;6例 (8. 0 % )皮肤切口延迟愈合 ,局部感染 1例 (1.3% )。术后插管侧无下肢缺血或股动脉血栓形成。结论 :经股动脉插管行体外循环或左心转流手术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法是有效的。采用经人工血管行股动脉插管可有效的降低了股动脉狭窄、血栓形成和下肢缺血的并发症发生率 ;股动脉插管主动脉逆行灌注造成的假腔灌注和脑部并发症在本组发生率虽较低 ,但后果严重。     

慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压手术与非手术治疗的转归及其临床分型的探讨

目的 探讨慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压的临床分型特点,并分析手术治疗与非手术治疗慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压的转归.方法 回顾性分析1995年2月至2007年10月收治的63例慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压的诊治资料,按治疗方法进行分组,其中手术治疗组(A组)45例,非手术治组(B组)18例.分别按圣地亚哥医学中心四分型方法和安贞医院改良二分型方法进行分型,并进行统计学分析.结果 A组围手术期死亡6例,在随访期间死亡4例.B组在住院治疗期间死亡2例,随访期间死亡9例.应用Fisher精确概率法检验表明,圣地亚哥分型Ⅰ型A组总生存率显著高于B组(P=0.009),而Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压A组与B组总生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.338,0.455,0.800).而按安贞医院改良二分型方法分型,中央型慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压A组总生存率显著高于B组(P:0.009),外周型慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压A组与B组总生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.125).A组中央型、外周型Kaplan-Meier生存曲线5年生存率分别为(91.7 4-8.0)%、(76±8.5)%(P=0.04),B组中央型、外周型的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线5年生存率分别为(42.9±18.7)%、(56.2±10.8)%(P=0.851).结论 与圣地亚哥医学中心四分型方案比较,安贞医院改良二分法分型方案是一个简便有效、对临床更实用的慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压分型方案,对慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压治疗方案的选择、预后判断有一定指导意义.     

三尖瓣置换术围术期及中长期临床效果分析

目的 评价三尖瓣置换术围术期及中长期疗效,并比较在三尖瓣位置生物瓣和机械瓣置换的相对优缺点和适应证,以提高该类手术的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析1992年4月至2008年2月收治的128例行三尖瓣置换术患者的围术期疗效及中长期随访结果 ,并按首次三尖瓣置换所采用的瓣膜种类不同分为机械瓣组(89例)和生物瓣组(39例).采用Kaplan-Meier曲线计算该类患者的中长期生存率和中长期人工瓣膜相关事件(包括血栓栓塞和人工瓣膜血栓形成、抗凝相关性出血、人工瓣膜毁损事件)的发生率.用 Binary logistic回归对三尖瓣置换患者早期、晚期死亡的危险因素进行多因素分析. 结果 围术期死亡19例(14.84%).随访103例(94.5%),6例失访,随访时间4.93±2.92年,随访期间死亡11例(10.7%).生物瓣组10年生存率为65.6%±17.4%,机械瓣组为68.7%±10.8%(Log-rank 检验, χ2=0.74,P=0.390).生物瓣组5年无血栓栓塞事件率为92.3%±7.4%,机械瓣组为87.1%±4.6%(Log-rank 检验,χ2=0.962,P=0.327).生物瓣组和机械瓣组10年无出血事件发生率分别为100%和79.7%±9.7%(Log-rank检验, χ2=1.483,P=0.223).9例患者行再次三尖瓣置换术,生物瓣组7年无再次手术率为71.1%±18.0%,机械瓣组10年无再次手术率为78.8%±10.2%(Log-rank检验, χ2=2.76,P=0.096).Binary logistic多因素分析结果 显示:三尖瓣置换术前有心脏手术史、腹水是早期死亡的危险因素,而术前有腹水、术前心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅲ/Ⅳ级、置换多个瓣膜为晚期死亡的危险因素. 结论 对重度三尖瓣反流,应该较早或较积极地施行三尖瓣手术,以防止右心功能进行性衰竭,而影响三尖瓣置换术的近期及中长期生存率和生活质量.在三尖瓣置换术中,机械瓣和生物瓣有相似的中长期效果.     

用新标准对76例马方综合征的诊断再分析

目的:由于马方综合征的临床处理与遗传咨询和其它疾病截然不同,因此应尽量避免滥诊和误诊.方法:基于1996年重新修订的新标准,对我院1986年～1996年76例诊断为"马方综合征"的手术患者,进行逐例分析其家族史和骨骼、眼及心血管等病变,最后作出诊断和排外.结果:诊断准确率为56.6%(43/76),误诊率32.9%(25/76),病因不明占10.5%(8/76).结论:大血管手术病例中马方综合征的滥诊现象极为普遍,严格按照新标准在很大程度上可以避免不必要的假阳性诊断.     

腱索折叠与腱索转移矫治二尖瓣前瓣脱垂的比较分析

目的比较应用腱索折叠、腱索转移两种成形术式治疗二尖瓣前瓣脱垂(ALP)的效果,探讨两种术式的适应证、优缺点。方法回顾性分析1985年3月至2008年3月北京安贞医院应用腱索折叠、腱索转移两种成形术式治疗的90例ALP患者的临床资料,按采用的手术方法不同分为腱索折叠组(n=23例)和腱索转移组(n=67例)。建立两组患者的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及免除再次手术曲线,并进行对比分析;对影响早期死亡及晚期心脏事件的危险因素进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析。结果围术期死亡6例(6.59%),其中腱索折叠组死亡3例(13.0%),腱索转移组3例(4.4%),两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.019,P=0.155)。随访时间为1个月～18年(7.70±5.41年),晚期死亡5例,其中腱索折叠组3例,腱索转移组2例。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果:5年生存率腱索折叠组低于腱索转移组,差异有统计学意义(70.00%±18.24%vs.98.00%±1.98%,χ2=12.50,P=0.000);5年免除再次手术率腱索折叠组低于腱索转移组,差异有统计学意义(83.30%±15.20%vs.96.10%±2.71%,χ2=10.27,P≤0.001)。单因素分析结果:年龄55岁、同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)、术前心功能Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级、术前有心力衰竭史、主动脉阻断时间90min、术前左心室射血分数(LVEF)45%是影响早期死亡的危险因子;术后中度以上二尖瓣反流、腱索折叠、术前有心力衰竭史、主动脉阻断时间90min为影响晚期心脏事件的危险因子。经多因素logistic回归分析结果:主动脉阻断时间90min、同期CABG、术前LVEF45%是影响早期死亡的危险因子;术后心功能Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级、腱索折叠残存二尖瓣2+以上反流为影响晚期心脏事件的独立危险因子。结论腱索转移、腱索折叠两种成形技术治疗ALP的围术期生存率差异无统计学意义;腱索转移术的5年生存率优于腱索折叠术,腱索转移术的中长期免除再手术率优于腱索折叠术;但在适应证方面腱索转移术只适合于脱垂范围较小而后瓣有可移植腱索的患者,对脱垂范围较广的ALP患者不适用。腱索折叠术是影响晚期心脏事件的独立危险因子。     

主动脉弓部动脉瘤的现代外科治疗

1概述 　　1.1定义：主动脉弓部动脉瘤位于主动脉弓部,常累及头臂血管.广义的定义是指胸主动脉瘤累及主动脉弓部,手术治疗时需要停循环、开放吻合的患者,其发生率约占胸主动脉瘤的10%.手术操作比较复杂,术中必须保护脑和心脏的供血、供氧,避免心、脑损害.术中常采用深低温停循环,顺行或逆行灌注进行脑保护.1.2病因：常见病因与升主动脉瘤常见病因相似,大部分是升主动脉瘤累及右半弓和全弓,少部分升主动脉瘤累及全弓和降主动脉.     

三尖瓣置换治疗重症儿童Ebstein心脏畸形

目的 评价三尖瓣置换术(TVR)治疗儿童重症Ebstein心脏畸形的效果,探讨提高其疗效的方法.方法 回顾性分析1993年5月-2007年7月北京安贞医院收治的15例行16次TVR Ebstein心脏畸形患儿的资料.根据手术技巧不同,将14例术后存活患儿分别按3种方法分组,并行统计学比较,即房化心室折叠组7例,房化心室不折叠组7例;自体三尖瓣保留组8例,自体三尖瓣不保留组6例;人工瓣膜高位置入组8例,人工瓣膜原位置入组6例.应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线计算5、10 a生存率和事件发生率.结果 1.死亡1例(6.6%),14例随访(91±84)个月,晚期死亡1例(7.1%),术后5、10 a Kaplan-Meier生存曲线生存率为(92.8±4.6)%、(86.5±5.81)%.发生瓣膜毁损而再次行TVR 1例.2.全组心胸比率术前0.72±0.16,术后0.5 a降低到0.61±0.17(P＜0.05).心功能纽约心脏协会(NYHA)分级Ⅰ级Ⅱ例,Ⅱ级2例.3.在真瓣环原位置人人工瓣膜组出现心律紊乱比率显著高于高位置入组(P＜0.05).术后远期超声检查发现,未折叠房化心室组在出现心室矛盾运动或运动减弱及左心室功能受损比率显著高于折叠房化心室的患儿( P＜0.05).结论 TVB治疗重症儿童Ebatein心脏畸形的围术期及中长期效果良好;根据病理解剖特点个体化选择术式可提高手术效果,TVR加房化心室折叠术能更有效地改善Ebstein心脏畸形左右心室功能.     

改良腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂(附16例临床分析)

Objective To introduce an operative technique for prolapse of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Methods From January 2002 through May 2005, chordal transfer and "edge-to-edge" technique was performed in 16 cases with serious mitral valve re- gurgitation due to prolapse of the anterior leaflet. The etiology was chordal rupture in 12 cases and chordtal elongation in 4. The mean regurgitation area yam (14.76±3.28) cn2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 33% - 69% before operation. Among those patients, 5 were in NYHA function class Ⅲ and 11 in class Ⅳ. Operations were performed under general anesthesia and car- diopulmonary bypass. First, "edge to edge" technique was performed. The free edge of the prolapsed anterior leaflet was sutyred to corresponding posterior leaflet. Then quadrangular resection was performed to transfer segment of posterior leaflet with its attached chordae. At last, the posterior leaflet was approximated after quadrangular resetion. Echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the times of follow-up. Results All patients survived the operation. One patient nequired mitral valve re- placement due to anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operatiom. The rest were free from reoperation. At the time d follow-up, all these patients were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ. Echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve. The cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3 -4.8 cm2[mean(3.78±0.52)cm2]. The mean regurgitation area was (0.45±0.22) cm2. Both dimension of left atrium and left vantricule reduced significantly. The diameter of left atrium was (48.26± 11.12) mm pre-operation vs. (37.57±9.56) mm post-operation (P=0.028). The ead-diastolic diameter of the left ventricule was (61.43±8.24)mm pre-operation vs (42.35±10.79) mm post-operation (P = 0.008). Conctusion Chordal transfer and "edge- to-edge" technique provides good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.     

改良腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂(附16例临床分析)

Objective To introduce an operative technique for prolapse of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Methods From January 2002 through May 2005, chordal transfer and "edge-to-edge" technique was performed in 16 cases with serious mitral valve re- gurgitation due to prolapse of the anterior leaflet. The etiology was chordal rupture in 12 cases and chordtal elongation in 4. The mean regurgitation area yam (14.76±3.28) cn2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 33% - 69% before operation. Among those patients, 5 were in NYHA function class Ⅲ and 11 in class Ⅳ. Operations were performed under general anesthesia and car- diopulmonary bypass. First, "edge to edge" technique was performed. The free edge of the prolapsed anterior leaflet was sutyred to corresponding posterior leaflet. Then quadrangular resection was performed to transfer segment of posterior leaflet with its attached chordae. At last, the posterior leaflet was approximated after quadrangular resetion. Echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the times of follow-up. Results All patients survived the operation. One patient nequired mitral valve re- placement due to anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operatiom. The rest were free from reoperation. At the time d follow-up, all these patients were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ. Echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve. The cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3 -4.8 cm2[mean(3.78±0.52)cm2]. The mean regurgitation area was (0.45±0.22) cm2. Both dimension of left atrium and left vantricule reduced significantly. The diameter of left atrium was (48.26± 11.12) mm pre-operation vs. (37.57±9.56) mm post-operation (P=0.028). The ead-diastolic diameter of the left ventricule was (61.43±8.24)mm pre-operation vs (42.35±10.79) mm post-operation (P = 0.008). Conctusion Chordal transfer and "edge- to-edge" technique provides good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.     

血管内皮细胞与心脏保护

长期以来，心肌保护和心脏保存技术都是围绕保护心肌细胞方面改进，但目前许多实验证实血管内皮细胞损伤可导致手术后心肌水肿、早期心功能不全、移植排斥和动脉粥样硬化，从而降低患者的存活率。因此，血管内皮结构和功能损伤而影响供心保存及移植后存活已成为国内外学者的研究热点。