无创正压通气减少儿童心内直视术后再次插管

目的 探讨鼻(面)罩双水平无创正压通气(bilevel positive airway pressure,BiPAP)应用于儿童心内直视术后呼吸功能不全的呼吸支持,减少再次插管的疗效.方法 将2007年1月至2007年12月在浙江大学医学院附属儿章医院行先天性心脏病(先心病)体外循环心内直视术后在拔除气管插管后表现呼吸费力、呼吸功能不全经常规治疗无效,已符合二次插管机械通气指征的25例患者进行前瞻性研究,记录无创BiPAP通气应用前后临床和动脉血气等指标的变化并进行单因素方差分析,同时分析患者的转1月.结果 (1)25例患者共30例次接受无创鼻(面)罩BiPAP.其中25例次患者(25/30,83.3%)在应用无创BiPAP通气后成功地避免了再次插管.4例患者共5例次接受无创鼻(面)罩BiPAP呼吸衰竭无法改善予气管捕管.(2)该组患者平均在撤离有创通气后9.4 h(0-72)h应用无创BiPAP治疗,BiPAP应用时间1.96 d(0.03-12)d,并发症少而轻微.(3)应用无创BiPAP治疗1 h后患者心率、呼吸频率及心率收缩压乘积显著降低(P<0.05);同时血气pH,SaO2 PaO2/FiO2显著升高(P<0.05),A-aDO2显著下降(P<0.05);4 h后PaCO2显著下降(P<0.05).结论 无创鼻(面)罩BiPAP正压通气可显著改善体外循环心内直视术后呼吸功能不全患儿的氧合,降低氧耗量,减少再次插管,是一种安全有效的无创的呼吸支持手段.     

Ⅲ型食管闭锁术后治疗9例

目的　探讨Ⅲ型食管闭锁术后治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 9例Ⅲ型食管闭锁术后治疗经过及转归。结果　本组 8例治愈 ,1例自动出院。 9例均并肺炎 ,黄疸 4例 ,胸腔感染、败血症、瘘各 2例。呼吸机应用时间 0 .7～ 1 3 .0d ,术后进食时间 3～ 2 2d ,住院时间 1 3～ 58d。治愈病例出院时无呼吸困难及吞咽困难 ,体质量较术前增加。出院后随访 6个月～ 2年 ,3例有不同程度食管狭窄 ,予食管扩张治疗后好转。结论　Ⅲ型食管闭锁术后应加强呼吸道管理、抗感染及营养支持等治疗。     

含乌司他丁肺保护液在心肺转流术中的肺保护作用

Objective To evaluate protective effects of hypothermic pulmonary protective solution with uli-nastatin on lung function during cardiopulmouary bypass (CPB) in the patients with congenital heart disease(CHD) and pulmonary hypertenion. Method Fifty-four children,who had CHD of left-to-fight shunts with moderate-se-rious pulmonary hypertension, were enrolled. They had been performed with the radical operation under CPB from September 2005 to December 2006 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children' s Hospital of Zhejiang University. Moderate-serious pulmonary hypertension was defined as pulmonary-to-systolic pressure ratio > 0.45(Pp/Ps > 0.45). Fifty-four children were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in group A (n = 18)didn't receive pulmonary protective solution, and scrved as control; patients in group B (n = 18) were adminis-tered with pulmonary protective solution without ulinastatin;patients in group C (n = 18) were administered with pulmonary protective solution with ulinastatin. The serum concentrations of MDA and MPO were measured at five different time points:pre-operation, 0 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h in the intensive care unit (ICU) (T1～5). Patients'lung functions were monitored at T1 - T4. The time of mechanical ventilation was recorded. Results No one died in this study. The mean time of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the group B and group C than that in the group A. The MDA and MPO levels were lower in group B compared with group A at T4. The MDA level at T3-T5 and the MPO level at T4 was lower in group C than those in group A. There were no significant in MDA and MPO levels between group B and group C at five time point.A-aDO2 was lower in groups B and C than those in group A at T3 and T4, whereas at T4, A-aDO2 was lower in group C than that in group B. Cdyn was higher in group B at T3and group C at T3 - T4 than those in group A. Cdyn was lower in groups C than that in group B at T4.Condusions Lung perfusion with hypothermic protective solution during CPB can all lung injury and promote recovery after operation, especialy with ulinastatin.