95例小儿法乐氏四联症术后低心输出量综合征的预防

探讨如何有效地预防和治疗法乐氏四联症(TOF)根治术后低心输出量综合征(低心排)。利用近三年95例TOF根治术后监护资料,分析低心排发生的因素、术前和术后处理措施对疗效的影响。结果：本组TOF根治术患儿平均年龄4.64岁,术后发生低心排27例,发生率占28.42%,近一年来低心排发生率明显降低为12.5%;27例低心排病人中23例完全治愈,治愈率85.19%。揭示TOF病人完善的术前准备、手术矫形满意、体外循环时间缩短、超滤的采用及术后严密监测和积极治疗可大大减少低心排的发生。     

小儿心脏术后早期应用腹膜透析对预防急性肾功能不全的作用

目的:探讨小儿心脏术后早期应用腹膜透析术对肾脏的保护及治疗急性肾功能不全的作用.方法:本文回顾性分析2003年1月至2010年9月21例小儿心脏术后发生急性肾功能不全患儿.早期应用腹膜透析术的转归,比较术后开始应用腹膜透析术的时间对结果的影响.结果:术后4～8 h即应用腹膜透析术者15例,肾功能均恢复良好;迟至术后24～48 h应用腹膜透析术者6例,3例肾功能回复良好,3例未能控制肾功能衰竭.住院死亡5例,术后早期进行透析者死亡2例,死因与肾功能无关;术后较迟透析者死亡3例,与肾功能不全有一定关系.结论:小儿先天性心脏病术后早期发生肾功能不全者,早期进行腹膜透析对肾脏有一定保护作用,有助于肾功能恢复.     

1例新生儿严重低心排ECMO救治成功

2007年7月我们成功应用体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)救治1例2.8 kg新生儿心脏术后严重低心排,现将其监护治疗体会报道如下.     

脉搏指示连续心排血量法测定婴幼儿心内直视围手术期血流动力学变化的临床意义

目的临床应用脉搏指示连续心排血量法(PiCCO),初步研究和探索婴幼儿三种常见先天性心脏病(简称先心病)[室间隔缺损(VSD)、室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压(PH)、法洛四联症(TOF)]患者围手术期心排血量、血管内容量、血管外肺水、肺血管通透性等血流动力学参数,为进一步提高危重先心病的手术成功率提供更为客观、直接的依据。方法前瞻性连续选取浙江大学附属儿童医院2010年8月至2011年6月经体外循环心内直视根治手术的0～3岁先心病患儿30例为研究对象。其中TOF10例,VSD10例,VSD+PH10例。连续测定和记录所有患儿术后0h、4h、8h、12h、24h、48h、72h的血流动力学变化,包括心指数(CI)、全心舒张末期容积指数(GEDVI)、血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)、肺血管通透性指数(PVPI)等。抽血检测术前、术后4h、24h、48h、72h的血浆CK-MB活性、CK-MB质量、肌钙蛋白水平,同时监测和记录左心房压(LAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)、血管活性药评分、血乳酸和PaO2/FiO2。结果 (1)30例患儿中男18例,女12例,VSD、VSD+PH、TOF患者各10例,均顺利出院。(2)三组患者围手术期CK-MB活性、CK-MB质量、肌钙蛋白均于CPB术后4h达到最高值,后逐渐下降恢复。(3)三组患者术后8～12hCI相对最低,但与术后0h比较无统计学差异,VSD+PH组和TOF组术后48hCI值均较术后0h显著上升(P<0.05)。TOF组患者在术后各时点的CI均低于VSD组(P<0.05)和VSD+PH组(P<0.05)。(4)所有3组患者术后各时点的mPAP和PVRI与术前比较均无统计学差异;组间比较显示VSD+PH组患者术前和术后的mPAP和PVRI均显著高于VSD组和TOF组同时点的水平(P<0.05)。(5)TOF组、VSD+PH组患者术后早期GEDVI均显著低于VSD组(P<0.05)。与术后0h相比,VSD组患者术后12h的GEDVI显著增加恢复(P<0.05),TOF组术后24h的GEDVI开始显著增加(P<0.05),VSD+PH组患者GEDVI于术后48h显?     

预测儿童创伤性脑损伤脑功能结局的生物标志物

正创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是儿科较常见的急危重症,也是儿童残疾和死亡的重要原因,且有逐年增加的趋势。美国每年约有42 000名儿童因为TBI住院治疗,其中约2 000名死亡~([1])。轻度TBI患儿很少有临床症状,却存在潜在恶化的风险。对于严重TBI患者,原发性损伤和继发性损伤的不同处理常常混淆初期临床检查和预后的关系。由于儿童TBI早期缺乏特异性临床表现,如何早期     

长时间机械辅助呼吸在先天性心脏病术后应用回顾性分析

为探讨重症先天性心脏病 (先心病 )术后需要长时间机械辅助呼吸 (≥ 3ｄ)患儿呼吸机的合理应用。回顾性分析95 0例先心病患儿术后需要机械辅助呼吸≥ 3ｄ的原因、相应并发症及转归。结果 :1.重症先心病及体外循环时间长的患儿需要较长时间机械辅助呼吸 ,且术后并发症多 (Ｐ <0 .0 1)。 2 .6 2例术后需要机械通气≥ 3ｄ(占 6 .5 3% ) ,3ｄ内不能顺利脱离呼吸机的原因 :脑水肿 2例 ,血压不稳定 (心功能不全、心律失常、心肌水肿 ) 30例 ,血压不稳定 +低氧血症8例 ,单纯低氧血症 (肺炎、肺水肿 ) 9例 ,肺高压危象 13例。其中 4 1例一次撤机成功…     

小儿先天性心脏病术后长时间机械辅助呼吸的应用价值

回顾分析 1996年 10月至 1999年 6月间先心病手术后需延长机械辅助呼吸(呼吸机支持时间≥ 3ｄ)患儿 6 2例术后机械辅助呼吸的特点 ,探讨长时间机械辅助呼吸在重症先心病中的应用价值。一、资料与方法1.临床资料　本院 1996年 10月至1999年 6月间先心病术后需延长机械辅助呼吸 (     

含乌司他丁肺保护液在心肺转流术中的肺保护作用

Objective To evaluate protective effects of hypothermic pulmonary protective solution with uli-nastatin on lung function during cardiopulmouary bypass (CPB) in the patients with congenital heart disease(CHD) and pulmonary hypertenion. Method Fifty-four children,who had CHD of left-to-fight shunts with moderate-se-rious pulmonary hypertension, were enrolled. They had been performed with the radical operation under CPB from September 2005 to December 2006 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children' s Hospital of Zhejiang University. Moderate-serious pulmonary hypertension was defined as pulmonary-to-systolic pressure ratio > 0.45(Pp/Ps > 0.45). Fifty-four children were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in group A (n = 18)didn't receive pulmonary protective solution, and scrved as control; patients in group B (n = 18) were adminis-tered with pulmonary protective solution without ulinastatin;patients in group C (n = 18) were administered with pulmonary protective solution with ulinastatin. The serum concentrations of MDA and MPO were measured at five different time points:pre-operation, 0 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h in the intensive care unit (ICU) (T1～5). Patients'lung functions were monitored at T1 - T4. The time of mechanical ventilation was recorded. Results No one died in this study. The mean time of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the group B and group C than that in the group A. The MDA and MPO levels were lower in group B compared with group A at T4. The MDA level at T3-T5 and the MPO level at T4 was lower in group C than those in group A. There were no significant in MDA and MPO levels between group B and group C at five time point.A-aDO2 was lower in groups B and C than those in group A at T3 and T4, whereas at T4, A-aDO2 was lower in group C than that in group B. Cdyn was higher in group B at T3and group C at T3 - T4 than those in group A. Cdyn was lower in groups C than that in group B at T4.Condusions Lung perfusion with hypothermic protective solution during CPB can all lung injury and promote recovery after operation, especialy with ulinastatin.     

含乌司他丁肺保护液在心肺转流术中的肺保护作用

Objective To evaluate protective effects of hypothermic pulmonary protective solution with uli-nastatin on lung function during cardiopulmouary bypass (CPB) in the patients with congenital heart disease(CHD) and pulmonary hypertenion. Method Fifty-four children,who had CHD of left-to-fight shunts with moderate-se-rious pulmonary hypertension, were enrolled. They had been performed with the radical operation under CPB from September 2005 to December 2006 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children' s Hospital of Zhejiang University. Moderate-serious pulmonary hypertension was defined as pulmonary-to-systolic pressure ratio > 0.45(Pp/Ps > 0.45). Fifty-four children were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in group A (n = 18)didn't receive pulmonary protective solution, and scrved as control; patients in group B (n = 18) were adminis-tered with pulmonary protective solution without ulinastatin;patients in group C (n = 18) were administered with pulmonary protective solution with ulinastatin. The serum concentrations of MDA and MPO were measured at five different time points:pre-operation, 0 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h in the intensive care unit (ICU) (T1～5). Patients'lung functions were monitored at T1 - T4. The time of mechanical ventilation was recorded. Results No one died in this study. The mean time of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the group B and group C than that in the group A. The MDA and MPO levels were lower in group B compared with group A at T4. The MDA level at T3-T5 and the MPO level at T4 was lower in group C than those in group A. There were no significant in MDA and MPO levels between group B and group C at five time point.A-aDO2 was lower in groups B and C than those in group A at T3 and T4, whereas at T4, A-aDO2 was lower in group C than that in group B. Cdyn was higher in group B at T3and group C at T3 - T4 than those in group A. Cdyn was lower in groups C than that in group B at T4.Condusions Lung perfusion with hypothermic protective solution during CPB can all lung injury and promote recovery after operation, especialy with ulinastatin.     

儿童腺泡状软组织肉瘤的超声表现

目的 探讨儿童腺泡状软组织肉瘤(ASPS)的超声表现,提高对本病的认识及诊断能力。方法 回顾性分析7例病理证实为ASPS患儿的超声及临床特征。结果 7例患儿年龄为2～11岁。部位：头颈部3例,下肢、躯干各2例。最大径>5 cm者1例。转移：肺3例,淋巴结2例,脑1例。复发1例。年龄最大者与肿瘤最大者均发生转移。超声示病灶位于肌内或肌间隙,为类圆形低回声,边界清,呈实性片状回声,内见强回声分隔。彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI):内部及周围见极丰富血流信号,以上下极明显。脉冲多普勒(PW):收缩期峰值流速(PSV)偏高和阻力指数(RI)偏低。结论 患儿起病年龄、肿瘤大小可能为影响ASPS预后的不良因素。ASPS有一定特征性的超声表现,能对ASPS诊断及随访提供帮助。