Tourette综合征的发病危险因素分析

目的探讨Tourette综合征(TS)发病的危险因素。 方法2000 01—2004 12采用病例对照研究的方法，对温州医学院附属一院100例TS患儿及100名对照病例的相关资料进行非条件Logistic回归和主成分分析。 结果非条件Logistic回归多因素分析显示，该病有统计学显著性意义的危险因素是TS家族史、注意缺陷伴多动障碍(ADHD)、过敏性哮喘、母亲孕早期受精神刺激、高热(T>39℃)和极低频磁场暴露，其标准回归系数分别为1.3987、3.6385、1.7657、1.7250、1.8973和1.0677。主成分分析提取了4个主成分，其方差累积贡献率为57.025%。 结论TS的发病与遗传因素和环境因素有关。     

自适应统计迭代重建技术算法在头颅CT扫描降低噪声中的对比分析

目的：分析不同的ASIR（自适应统计迭代重建技术）值在降低头部图像噪声中的价值。方法：采用型号为Discovery CT750 HD的宝石CT,对32例受检者进行头部扫描。扫描结束后在双侧侧脑室最大层面重建图像,FOV25cm、层厚5mm、间隔20mm,共5层,分别将ASIR值设定为0％、20％、40％、60％、80％、100％重建图像,窗宽为100HU、窗位为35HU。在一侧侧脑室内选取圆形感兴趣区,测量不同的ASIR值时侧脑室脑脊液的CT值与标准差,应用医学统计软件SPSS13对数据进行统计分析。结果：各组间侧脑室脑脊液的CT值标准差有明显的统计学差异,随ASIR百分比的增加,图像噪声水平明显降低。结论：提高ASIR值能够降低图像噪声。扫描时,采用较高ASIR值具有降低射线剂量的作用。     

磷脂组成对马钱子总生物碱脂质体药动学的影响

 目的 比较不同磷脂组成马钱子总生物碱脂质体的体内药动学性质。方法 采用硫酸铵梯度法和隐形脂质体技术制备了马钱子总生物碱脂质体,除去游离药物后,测定了其中总生物碱和士的宁的含量。测定了马钱子总生物碱溶液和不同磷脂组成马钱子总生物碱脂质体静脉注射给药后不同时间点士的宁的血药浓度,药动学参数采用3P97程序进行拟合。结果 不同磷脂组成脂质体中士的宁占总生物碱的比例基本相同。与大豆磷脂（SPC）脂质体相比,马钱子总生物碱复合磷脂脂质体静脉注射给药后士的宁的AUC增加了1.8倍,清除率显著下降,而氢化大豆磷脂（HSPC）脂质体给药后士的宁的药动学性质没有显著改变。结论 复合磷脂脂质体作为马钱子总生物碱的载体能够改善给药后士的宁的体内药动学性质。     

小儿急性下呼吸道感染细菌病原及耐药性九年变迁

目的 了解昆明地区急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)患儿细菌病原菌构成及耐药变迁。方法 对昆明市儿童医院2007年1月-2015年12月ALRI的住院患儿痰液培养的致病菌株的构成比及耐药性进行分析。结果 1)病原菌构成:①病原菌总阳性率10.9%,前四年病原菌前五位依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、流感嗜血杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌;后五年依次为肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、流感嗜血杆菌,病原构成发生了变迁。②监护病房ALRI病原菌以肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等革兰阴性菌为主,革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。普通病房以肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌感染为主,革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌,流感嗜血杆菌为主,病原构成也发生了变迁。2)病原菌的耐药:后5年与前4年比较,病原菌总体耐药呈上升趋势,部分达90%左右,并呈多重耐药状态;未发现对万古霉素耐药的菌株;发现了对亚胺培南耐药的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株检出率有下降趋势。结论 1)昆明地区九年间小儿ALRI细菌病原菌发生了变迁;2)不同病房病原构成、变迁均不同;3)病原菌总体耐药情况呈上升趋势。     

氨磷汀预防顺铂所致肾毒性

目的观察氨磷汀对顺铂所致肾毒性的预防性保护作用。方法随机将大鼠分成5组,即空白对照组,顺铂5mg·kg-1组,顺铂7.5mg·kg-1组,顺铂5mg·kg-1 氨磷汀200mg·kg-1组和顺铂7.5mg·kg-1 氨磷汀200mg·kg-1组,分别测定肾脏脏器系数、血尿素氮、肌酐水平,并做肾组织病理学检查。结果顺铂5mg·kg-1及7.5mg·kg-1组大鼠BUN、Cr值均明显高于对照组和加用氨磷汀组,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);氨磷汀组肾脏脏器系数明显下降,病理分级显示氨磷汀肾损害保护率分别为61.5%和56.8%。结论氨磷汀能有效地预防顺铂所致肾毒性。     

Sesquiterpene lactones of Aucklandia lappa: Pharmacology,pharmacokinetics, toxicity,and structure–activity relationship

The medicinal part of Aucklandia lappa(Asteraceae) is its dried root,which is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal materials.Here we reviewed sesquiterpene lactones isolated from A.lappa over the past ten years in the following aspects of pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,structure-activity relationship.Pharmacological activities consist of anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory activity,anti-immunity activity,anti-oxidant activity,antimicrobial activity,spasmolytic activity and so on.The extractive,showing similar pharmacokinetics parameters,may exert their various biological activities by the interaction of their α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety with the thiol groups of biomacromolecules through Michael-addition.However,the poor aqueous solubility,non-selective binding as a Michael acceptor at undesired targets limited clinical translation of this class.In order to evaluate the potential effect of the extractive applied in clinical trial,the present review outlines information on pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,and structure-activity relationship,as well as the future research directions of the extractive for further development and utilization of A.lappa.     

超滤法分析黄芪水煎液中胶体态铜的分布

目的建立黄芪水煎液中胶体态铜的分析方法。方法采用0.45μm微孔滤膜、截留相对分子质量为14万、5万、1万、0.4万超滤膜组成的超滤系统,对黄芪水煎液进行分级处理,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定超滤液中元素铜。结果截留相对分子质量1万的超滤膜对相对分子质量4万的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)具有良好的截留效率(0.99)和较小的吸附损失(4.3%);元素铜在超滤过程中的回收率介于93.8%~105.1%之间,RSD<12.2%;黄芪水煎液可溶态中,元素铜主要与相对分子质量大于5万和小于0.4万的胶体颗粒结合,这与黄芪多糖分子质量分布相吻合。结论本法操作简便、快速,适用于黄芪水煎液中胶体态铜的分析,结果令人满意。     

Effect of vitamin A status at the end of term pregnancy on the saturation of retinol binding protein with retinol

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (retinol), which is required for normal fetal development and successful gestation, circulates in the blood bound to a specific protein, the retinol binding protein (RBP). Little is known about the transport and metabolism of this complex protein or about retinol status during normal human pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess retinol status and transport modalities of retinol in well-nourished women with normal pregnancies, a population poorly investigated compared with pathologic and malnourished pregnant women. DESIGN: The maternal blood and cord blood concentrations of retinol, vitamin E, beta-carotene, RBP, and transthyretin of pregnant French women at term (n = 27) were measured and compared with values from a nonpregnant control group (n = 27). In addition, holo-RBP (retinol bound), apo-RBP (retinol free), and total protein were assessed in both groups to enable the hemodilution occurring during pregnancy to be taken into consideration and to evaluate the extent of saturation of RBP with retinol. RESULTS: Healthy pregnant women at term had normal serum circulatory amounts of retinol, vitamin E, binding proteins, and beta-carotene. However, they had less binding of retinol to RBP (holo-RBP: 49.9% in pregnant women, 54.0% in cord blood, and 77.5% in the control group). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that retinol homeostasis and transport are modified during normal human pregnancy.     

Dietary purified cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid isomer has anticarcinogenic properties in chemically induced mammary tumors in rats

To determine whether the purified 9c,11t conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, the main dietary isomer, is biologically active on mammary tumor growth, we carried out a dietary intervention study designed to compare its effects with those of a mixture of CLA isomers on the incidence and growth of autochthonous mammary tumors induced by methylnitrosourea in rats. After the initiation step, rats were fed a sunflower oil-based diet (5%) and separated into three experimental groups supplemented with either a 1% homemade synthesized 9c,11t isomer, a 1% CLA isomer mixture, or free fatty acids prepared from sunflower oil for the control group. We found that, in the two CLA groups compared with the control group, CLA levels were about 30 times higher in mammary fat pads and about 10 times higher in tumor tissues. Compared with the control group, there was a 44% and 45% decrease in tumor mass per rat in the CLA mixture and the 9c,11t groups, respectively, at 20 wk of diet (P < 0.05). There was a nonsignificant trend for a decrease multiplicity in CLA groups compared with the control group, with a 30% and 35% decrease in the CLA mixture and the 9c,11t groups, respectively. Incidence and latency were not significantly different between the dietary groups. Although the effect was specifically restricted in reduction in tumor mass, we concluded that the main CLA isomer found in human diet has anticarcinogenic properties in experimental mammary carcinogenesis.     

牛膝多糖衍生物对糖尿病大鼠血糖及血脂的影响

 目的比较牛膝多糖及其硫酸酯和磷酸酯衍生物对糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响。方法以链脲佐菌素制备SD大鼠糖尿病模型,观察牛膝多糖(AbP)、牛膝多糖硫酸酯衍生物(S-AbP)和牛膝多糖磷酸酯衍生物(P-AbP)对糖尿病大鼠的体重、空腹血糖的变化以及血脂水平的影响。结果AbP及其两种衍生物均能显著降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖(P<0.05或P<0.01),且S-AbP的降糖效果优于AbP和消渴丸(P<0.05);S-AbP还能使糖尿病大鼠体重增加(P<0.01),血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著升高(均P<0.01);P-AbP使糖尿病大鼠体重增加(P<0.05),血清TG水平降低、HDL-C水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);AbP只能使糖尿病大鼠的HDL-C水平升高(P<0.05)。结论S-AbP和P-AbP均能使糖尿病大鼠体重增加,血糖、血脂水平降低,且S-AbP效果优于AbP,对糖尿病治疗及其并发症的控制有一定的作用。