Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) clearance is associated with the early recruitment of neutrophils and CD8(+)T cells in a mouse model

The immune mechanisms in response to Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) infection were studied in C57BL/6 and CBA mice. The infection was monitored and the following aspects of the immune response were evaluated: the nature of the leucocyte infiltrate in the liver, the percentages of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), macrophages and lymphocytes in the spleen, and the concentrations of cytokines in serum. In addition, the serum concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2a were determined. Both mouse strains showed a Th1-like immune response, with high concentrations of IFN-gamma and minimal levels of IL-4; however, C57 mice differed from CBA mice in showing milder clinical signs and earlier resolution of infection. The greater ability of C57 mice than CBA mice to eliminate chlamydophilae was related to the establishment of an earlier innate immunity, based on a more pronounced PMN response, and on a greater presence of CD8(+)T cells.     

Prolonged waking reduces human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein 120- or tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of rats

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induces neuronal death, presumably by apoptosis. This effect may be triggered by the glycoprotein 120 (HIVgp120) released by HIV when infecting a cell, and mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Both molecules, HIVgp120 and TNF, increase sleep when administered acutely in the brain. On the other hand, sleep deprivation increases the levels of several growth factors. In this context, we challenged rats with HIVgp120 or TNF simultaneously with sleep deprivation. Our results indicate that both HIVgp120 and TNF increase neuronal death in the rat cerebral cortex, but not hippocampus, and that this effect is completely prevented by total deprivation of sleep. These results suggest that acute total deprivation of sleep protects against the HIVgp120 and TNF deleterious effects.     

Thyroid hormones may influence the slow component of VO(2) in professional cyclists

We analyzed the relationship between the plasma concentrations of several hormones (testosterone [T], follicle-stimulating [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH], cortisol [C], 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine [T(3)], thyroxine [T(4)], and thyrotrophin [TSH]) and the magnitude of the VO(2) slow component (Delta VO(2)) in a group of nine professional road cyclists (26+/-2 years). The resting levels of the aforementioned hormones were determined before the subjects performed a 20-min cycle ergometer test at approximately 80% of VO(2 max) (or approximately 400 W). Plasma concentrations of T(3) and T(4) were inversely correlated (p<0.05) with Delta VO(2) (r=-0.72 and rr=-0.66, respectively), suggesting, at least partly, and association between thyroid basal function and the VO(2) slow component of euthyroid elite endurance athletes during constant-load intense exercise.     

北京市7～17岁儿童青少年血压与肥胖状态的关系分析

摘要：目的　探讨北京市7～17岁儿童青少年血压与肥胖状态［依据不同划分标准：体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、体脂百分比（FMP）］的关系。方法　选取2004年4月至10月进行的“北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征研究”（BCAMS）中19 488名7～17岁儿童青少年（男9824名,女9664名）为研究对象,按照BMI、WC、FMP标准分别划分儿童青少年超重和肥胖状态,分析其血压与BMI、WC、FMP关系,高血压状态的变化及趋势。结果　各种划分标准中血压按正常、超重和肥胖组顺序依次升高;控制年龄和性别后,BMI、WC、FMP与收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）成独立正相关关系（P＜0.001）;BMI、WC、FMP超重组和肥胖组的高血压发生率显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）,肥胖组患高血压的相对危险度是正常组的3～7倍;BMI分组分别与FMP、WC分组组合,BMI肥胖,FMP肥胖组及BMI肥胖,腹型肥胖组患高血压风险分别是正常组的7.3和6.8倍。结论　儿童青少年BMI、WC和FMP与SBP和DBP密切相关,用BMI指标预测儿童青少年高血压风险较WC及FMP更敏感;儿童青少年超重和肥胖增加高血压的发生风险,其高血压发生率随着肥胖程度增加呈现成倍上升趋势。     

静脉注射丙种球蛋白无反应型川崎病药物治疗Meta分析

摘要：目的　分析评价静脉注射丙种球蛋白（IVIG）无反应型川崎病（KD）药物治疗的随机对照研究（RCT）。方法　依据纳入和排除标准,从医学电子数据库中选择相关RCT文献,应用Juni量表进行质量评价,Review Manager 4.2软件进行Meta分析。疗效判断指标为观察期内体温改善和超声心动图检测冠状动脉病变情况。结果用相对危险度（RR）或比值比（OR）及其95%可信区间（CI）表示,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果　共有3篇RCT入选,绘制漏斗图提示可能存在发表偏倚。3篇RCT Meta分析包括再次IVIG治疗组（159例）和糖皮质激素（GCS）治疗对照组（66例）,研究显示,IVIG无反应型KD患儿在静脉应用首剂IVIG无反应后,再次IVIG治疗组在体温恢复方面优于GCS治疗对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（RR = 1.29,95% CI：1.10～1.52,P = 0.002）;但在冠状动脉瘤（CAA）发生率方面两者差异无统计学意义（OR = 0.91,95% CI：0.33～2.49,P = 0.85）。结论　目前已发表的RCT Meta分析结果显示,IVIG无反应型KD患儿在首剂IVIG治疗无反应后,再次应用IVIG治疗较GCS治疗能更有效地控制体温,但两者在CAA发生率方面差异无统计学意义。     

系统性红斑狼疮患儿血清铁蛋白变化及其与病情活动的相关性研究

目的　研究系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患儿血清铁蛋白（SF）变化及临床意义。方法　研究对象为2004—2009年在南昌大学第二附属医院住院的58例SLE患儿,采用化学发光法检测患儿治疗前和治疗后及30名健康体检儿童的SF。结果　SLE患儿SF显著高于对照组,且活动期SF显著高于静止期。SLE患儿治疗后SF明显下降。SLE患儿SF与抗ds-DNA抗体SLE疾病活动性指标（SLEDAI）评分均呈正相关。结论　SLE患儿的SF较健康儿童显著升高,SF与病情活动性呈正相关,可作为诊断儿童SLE有价值的实验室指标。     

Early administration of the second dose of surfactant (beractant) in the treatment of severe hyaline membrane disease

The aim of this study was to demonstrate that administration of the second dose of beractant 2 h after the first one is more effective than 6 h after the initial dose. The inclusion criteria for the recruitment of newborn infants were: age < or = 8 h, birthweight 600-2000 g, gestational age 23-36 wk, need for mechanical ventilation with inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) > or = 0.4 and mean airway pressure (MAP) > or = 7 cmH2O to obtain arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) values between 70 and 80 mmHg, and thoracic X-ray compatible with hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Newborns with major congenital malformations, hydrops fetalis or severe pulmonary hypoplasia, or being treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation were excluded. In total, 57 premature newborns were studied, 20 of them below 1000 g, who received 100 mg kg-1 of beractant in 2 aliquots and showed an inadequate response, i.e. after 2 h of the first dose the newborn still needed a FiO2 > or = 0.4 and a MAP > or = 7 cmH2O to achieve a PaO2 > 70 mmHg. The second dose was randomly administered 2 or 6 h from the first one. CONCLUSION: The 2 study groups were comparable except for a higher need of dopamine and seroalbumin in 2-h group. Evolution and complications were similar. Twelve hours after the first dose, the percentage improvement in the arteriolar/alveolar ratio (a/ADO2) in the 2-h group was similar to that in the 6-h group. However, in newborns below 1000 g, 12 h after the first dose the a/ADO2 percentage improvement in the 2-h group was greater than in 6-h group (median of 103.6% vs 16.3%; p = 0.035). In premature infants below 1000 g, it seems reasonable to advance the second dose of beractant if needed.     

Body mass index, triceps skinfold and waist circumference in screening for adiposity in male children and adolescents

Simple anthropometric measurements and indices are the most commonly used tools for assessing body composition. Only a few papers have examined the sensitivity and specificity of the body mass index (BMI) against total body fat percentage (TBF%) from underwater weighing in children and adolescents. The objective of the study was to evaluate the screening performance of BMI, triceps skinfold thickness and waist circumference for excess TBF%. A total of 175 healthy volunteer males, aged 7.0-16.9 y, participated in the study. TBF% was measured using underwater weighing as the reference method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the value of the three anthropometric measurements as a screening measure for total adiposity. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at several percentile cut-offs for BMI, triceps skinfold and waist circumference. The areas under the ROC curves were also calculated, and were 0.86 for BMI, 0.90 for triceps skinfold and 0.88 for waist circumference. The point on the ROC curve closest to 1 corresponded to the 70th percentile for BMI, to the 75th percentile for triceps skinfold, and to the 70th percentile for waist circumference. Conclusion: BMI, triceps skinfold and waist circumference predicted total fat content well in male children and adolescents.     

小儿癫疒间部分性发作发作姿势与脑疒间样放电部位关系探讨

目的　探讨小儿癫疒间部分性发作时口角歪斜、头眼转向及肢体的肌张力不全性姿势对脑疒间 样放电部位的定位意义。方法　通过家长问卷调查和录像脑电图监测观察。结果　通过问卷调查和视频监测获得的发作时临床表现对疒间样放电部位均具有良好的相关性。在本组患儿中 ,发作时口角歪斜及眼转向的发生率分别为45 83 %和 5 4 17% ,发作时转向放电的对侧的相关系数分别为 - 0 6 38和 - 0 6 77。头颈转向的定位意义不肯定。一侧肢体肌张力不全性姿势发生在对侧 ,其相关系数为 - 0 90 83。结论　口角歪斜、眼球向一侧凝视及肌张力不全性姿势在小儿癫疒间 的部分性发作中对脑疒间 样放电的部位有明显的定位意义     

树鼩在医学科研中的应用

树鼩是一种低等的灵长类动物,近年来在复制疾病模型的研究中日益广泛应用,本文就这方面着重介绍以下。一、树鼩的形态和分类树鼩(Tupaia,Tree,shrews)是一种昼行性哺乳动物。体形象松鼠,体毛栗黄色,尾部毛发达,体长约18cm,尾长约16cm,成年体重90—180克左右。树鼩分布于亚洲东部和南部,在我国,主要分布于云南。树鼩在分类学上一直有争议。有人把它划归食虫目,有人认为树鼩是介于食虫目与灵长目之间的代表。但大多数人把树鼬划归灵长目,认为树鼩是在大约第三纪从食虫目向灵长目演化过程中,幸存保留至今的少数几个灵长目的原宗,是最低等的灵长类动物,具有灵长