经腹、骶尾联合手术根治儿童骶尾部复发畸胎瘤

骶尾部畸胎瘤(SCT)是儿童常见的实体瘤,主要以尾骨为中心向骶骨内外生长,切除肿瘤和尾骨是目前公认的治疗方法,但并发症多,易复发和恶变。复发SCT的诊断和治疗仍存在一些值得重视的问题。我院自1998年至2005年收治复发SCT 21例,报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料:本组21例,男14例,女7例,年龄2~16岁。入院前已接受1次手术者14例,接受2次手术者5例,接受3次手术者2例。临床分型:显型2例,混合型13例,隐型6例。表现为骶尾部瘘管3例,其他病例有不同程度压迫症状。行瘘二、手术方法复发SCT经历多次手术,手术径路的选择至关重要。显型病例通过骶尾…     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

先天性巨结肠术后发生小肠结肠炎的高危因素

目的：分析先天性巨结肠术后发生小肠结肠炎的高危因素。方法：1991年1月－1999年6月行先天性巨结肠根治手术155例,获随访141例,进行10个相关因素调查,包括非手术因素和手术因素。结果：34例发生不同程度小肠结肠炎（24％）,吻合口狭窄或瘘和肠梗阻是术后发生小肠结肠炎的高危因素,术前患小肠结肠炎是术后发生小肠结肠炎的另一危险因素。沁肠结肠炎患儿上呼吸道或肺部感染增加一倍。结论：术后小肠结肠炎是肠道梗阻和肠粘膜抵抗力降低共同作用的结果,避免和解除梗阻因素的同时改善患儿肠道粘膜功能是降低该并发症发生并使其疗效有显著性改善的新途径。     

重组人生长激素用于先天性巨结肠症术后辅助治疗的临床研究

目的 探索rhGH应用于先天性巨结肠症手术后支持治疗的有效性及安全性.方法 选择126例先天性巨结肠症患儿,随机分成两组.实验组术后除常规治疗外,自术后第1天开始,每日20时皮下注射rhGH（0.2 U/kg）,共9d;对照组以生理盐水1 mL代替rhGH.观测血液生化指标、体质指数、心率、血压、住院时间和术后并发症.时间点选取用药前,用药后第3天、第6天、第14天,出院后3个月、12个月.结果 两组患儿年龄、手术时间及手术切除肠管长度比较,差异无统计学意义;用药后第3天、第6天及第14天白蛋白、前白蛋白较对照组有明显升高,而3个月以后上述指标无明显差异;用药期间及停药后3个月,12个月检测空腹血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血甘油三酯、血胆固醇、体质指数、心率、血压等指标,均与对照组无显著差异.两组患儿术后并发症的发生率无统计学意义,但实验组肠功能恢复快、住院时间短.结论 rhGH短期应用于先天性巨结肠症术后支持治疗可改善患儿营养状态,加快术后恢复,临床应用安全.     

先天性胆总管囊肿壁MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达研究

目的 通过观察先天性胆总管囊肿壁明胶酶MMP-2及其组织抑制因子TIMP-2的表达,结合组织形态学观察,探讨其与CCC发病机制的关系.方法 收集53例先天性胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料以及组织标本,其中男21例,女32例,平均年龄6.5岁(4个月～17岁).取正常胆囊组织28例作为对照组.采用免疫组化方法检测MMP-2、TIMP-2蛋白,通过图像分析技术进行定量分析.结果 MMP-2、TIMP-2蛋白见于胆总管囊肿壁粘膜上皮细胞、基质细胞及炎性细胞胞浆、胞膜;胆总管囊肿胆囊粘膜上皮细胞内也见不同程度表达.对照组胆囊表达阴性或弱阳性.定量分析显示胆总管囊肿壁MMP-2蛋白表达强度明显高于胆总管囊肿胆囊及对照组胆囊(P＜0.01),胆总管囊肿胆囊与对照组胆囊组织比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);胆总管囊肿壁及胆囊组织间TIMP-2的表达强度比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 MMP-2/TIMP-2的平衡失调和MMP-2的高表达参与了胆总管壁基质的降解,可能与胆总管囊肿的形成有关.     

腹腔镜治疗直肠乙状结肠型先天性巨结肠122例疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜治疗直肠乙状结肠型先天性巨结肠(HD)的临床经验和近远期疗效.方法 2001～2010年本院收治直肠乙状结肠型HD患儿122例,年龄15 d至12岁.均应用3个或4个Trocar行腹腔镜辅助经肛门Soave拖出术.先在腹腔镜下行浆肌层活检明确无神经节细胞肠段和有神经节细胞肠段,然后在腹腔镜辅助下经肛...     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

胸腔镜下Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸38例报告

目的探讨胸腔镜下Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的疗效和安全性。方法胸腔镜监视下用穿通器在胸骨凹陷最低点水平，两腋中线之间，于胸膜外经胸骨后穿通一遂道，放置支撑板将凹陷胸骨抬起，支撑板两端安装固定器。5例使用进口器械，33例使用国产器械。结果38例均在胸腔镜辅助下顺利完成手术，手术时间40～80min，平均50min。术中出血量5～30ml，平均16ml。36例放置1根钢板支撑，2例放置2根钢板支撑。术后气胸4例，皮下气肿16例，右侧固定器滑脱1例，钢板轻度翻转1例。术后住院7～21d，平均8d。38例随访3～22个月，平均11个月，优36例，良2例，优良率100％。结论胸腔镜辅助下Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸方法安全可靠，疗效好，手术最佳时机3～12岁。