单纯性肥胖外周血单核/巨噬细胞趋化因子与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

了解单纯性肥胖儿童外周血单核/巨噬细胞趋化因子与胰岛素抵抗相关参数的关系。方法　2006年5月至2008年5月广西医科大学第一附属医院儿科70 例确诊为单纯性肥胖儿童作为研究对象,30名健康体检儿童作为健康对照组。流式细胞仪测定外周血单核细胞CD68阳性率;酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定血浆巨 噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α（MIP-1α）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）水平;放射免疫分析（RIA）法测定血浆脂联素（ADPN）、血浆胰岛素（Ins）浓度,计算体质 指数（BMI）,按HOMA模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数（InRI）,并与相关变量进行Pearson相关分析或偏相关分析。结果　单纯性肥胖组血浆MIP-1α、MCP-1水平高于 健康对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。两组外周血CD68阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。两组InRI比较差异有统计学意义 （P < 0.05）。单纯性肥胖组血浆MIP-1α、MCP-1水平分别与BMI、腰围（WC）和InRI呈正相关 （P < 0.05）。血ADPN分别与BMI、WC和InRI呈负相关（P < 0.05）。外 周血单个核细胞CD68阳性率与BMI、WC和InRI无相关性（ P > 0.05）。结论　单纯性肥胖患儿体内存在低程度炎症反应,肥胖儿童外周血单核/巨噬细胞趋化因子 与胰岛素抵抗及中心性肥胖相关,可以作为肥胖相关疾病的早期预测指标之一。     

Biopsy cannula as diagnostic alternative to puncture-aspiration biopsy with fine needle in head and neck tumors

Biopsy cannula is a diagnostic tool allowing anatomopathological examination of tissue samples, achieved through a percutaneous perforation. Unlike puncture-aspiration with fine needle method that only permits a cytologic study, this technique eases the removal of pieces big enough to provide the knowledge of the whole architecture of the lesion. At length in other specialities in our has been forgotten perhaps for the great efficiency of PAFN on neck masses or as complement of traditional surgery. We present one case in which the biopsy-cannula showed its diagnostic usefulness. We also discuss on the technique and made a bibliographic perusal about the published literature.     

Topical treatment of rhinitis: current status. Physiopathologic and pharmacologic bases

Rhinitis is defined as inflammation of the lining of the nose, characterized by one or more of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing and itching. Modifications of nose secretion and of the blood supply of the nasal mucosa are responsible for development of rhinitis. Cholinergic and adrenergic agents as well as histamine, 5-hydroxytriptamine, kallidin and substance P are mediators of inflammation in rhinitis. The topical pharmacological principles we have today for management of rhinitis include: antihistamines, corticosteroids, anticholinergic agents, decongestants, sodium cromoglycate, nasal douching and aromatic inhalations.     

Spectrotemporal sensitivities in rat auditory cortical neurons

Studies in several mammalian species have demonstrated that auditory cortical neurons respond strongly to single frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps, and that most responses are selective for sweep direction and/or rate. In the present study, we used extracellular recordings to examine how neurons in the auditory cortices of anesthetized rats respond to continuous, periodic trains of FM sweeps (described previously by deCharms et al., Science 280 (1998) pp. 1439–1444, as moving auditory gratings). Consistent with previous observations in owl monkeys, we found that the majority of cortical neurons responded selectively to trains of either up-sweeps or down-sweeps; selectivity for down-sweeps was most common. Periodic responses were typically evoked only by sweep trains with repetition rates less than 12 sweeps per second. Directional differences in responses were dependent on repetition rate. Our results support the proposal that a combination of both spectral and temporal acoustic features determines the responses of auditory cortical neurons to sound, and add to the growing body of evidence indicating that the traditional view of the auditory cortex as a frequency analyzer is not sufficient to explain how the mammalian brain represents complex sounds.     

Efficacy of low dose schedule pamidronate infusion in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare condition in which bones are abnormally brittle with frequent fractures. A variety of therapeutic agents has been used with low efficacy. In this study, we present three patients treated for 4 years with i.v. pamidronate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three prepubertal patients, aged 9 (M), 9 (F) and 11 (F) years old, with OI, were treated with 30-60 mg i.v. pamidronate every 6 months over four years. Determinations were made of plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its transport protein (IGFBP3), osteocalcin, total alkaline phosphatase and its osseous fraction, and parathormone (PTH) at baseline and after every pamidronate infusion, Densitometry and X-ray of the vertebral column were performed at the same intervals. RESULTS: Significant reductions of number of bone fractures and pain were observed in all patients, despite lack of any modification in biochemical parameters. Lumbar X-ray and densitometry showed a striking improvement by the end of the treatment period. CONCLUSION: Pamidronate seems to be useful in the treatment of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.     

Management of parapneumonic pleural effusions

Pleural effusion in children is most often due to bacterial pneumonia. Between 0.6 and 2% of pneumonias are complicated by empyema and approximately 40% of children hospitalized with pneumonia have a pleural effusion. In recent years Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent organism. Treatment is based on the early and judicious use of antibiotics, imaging techniques, thoracocentesis, pleural drainage, fibrinolytics, thoracoscopy and thoracotomy. Indications for early pleural drainage are gross pus, positive Gram stain in pleural fluid, pleural glucose less than 50mg/dL, pleural fluid pH of less than 7 and sonographic evidence of loculations. Local fibrinolytics may decrease the need for surgical treatment, with a success rate between 38 and 100%, according to the effusion stage. Thoracoscopic debridement is useful in the fibrinopurulent stage with loculations, with favorable results in 30-100% of patients, also depending on the effusion stage.