Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

Morphine Enhances Pharmacological Preconditioning by Isoflurane: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Opioid Receptors

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate protection against myocardial infarction produced by volatile anesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that morphine enhances the protective effect of isoflurane by activating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels and opioid receptors.

Methods: Barbiturate-anesthetized rats (n = 131) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics and subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline, isoflurane (0.5 and 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), morphine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), or morphine (0.3 mg/kg) plus isoflurane (1.0 MAC). Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 15 min before coronary occlusion. In eight additional groups of experiments, rats received 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) or naloxone (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.

Results: Isoflurane (1.0 MAC) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced infarct size (41 +/- 3%; n = 13 and 38 +/- 2% of the area at risk; n = 10, respectively) as compared to control experiments (59 +/- 2%; n = 10). Morphine plus isoflurane further decreased infarct size to 26 +/- 3% (n = 11). 5-HD and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size, but abolished cardioprotection produced by isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.     

老年人便秘的有效护理方法

便秘是危害人们身心健康的疑难病症之一.老年人以慢性功能性便秘多见,常表现为大便量少、硬、排出困难,患者不仅有腹胀不适、食欲不振、心烦失眠和头昏等症状,而且还可诱发或加重痔疮、肛裂、脱肛、前列腺肥大、结肠癌等器质性疾病,甚至可导致急性心肌梗死、脑卒中和猝死的发生,所以,对于慢性功能性便秘,养成良好的生活习惯是最有效治疗的方法.     

中药超声雾化吸入治疗过敏性鼻炎50例

从1988年5月～1989年6月用中药制剂超声雾化器吸入治疗过敏性鼻炎50例小结如下: 一、对象及治疗方法本组50例,男33例、女17例:最小年龄13岁,最大年龄65岁,平均35.5岁。发病以30～40岁组最高,占75%。患病史最短2年,     

应用生理性成骨力值概念治疗骨折与骨不连——兼论MO现象与有效固定

治疗骨折与术后合并的骨不连,至今仍是骨创伤领域的难题之一。研究分析当前的学术思想,探索更接近骨愈合规律的理念与技术,是必然的学术趋势。1当前骨创伤理论与技术1.1AO从20世纪50年代起,AO组织提出解剖复位与骨块间坚强固定与加压的概念。50年间,由于伴随生物材料学的发展和内固定形式的进步,业已成为治疗骨折与骨不连的主要理论与方法,并取得了瞩目的成就,但同时也发现了存在并需继续探讨的若干问题。(1)偏心类的固定模式,如加压钢板,其疗效超越一般非加压性钢板。但同时也发现:①内固定期间,骨质萎缩,骨痂纹理凌乱或难觅骨痂;②钢板…     

肾病综合征并发下肢动脉血栓导致横纹肌溶解一例

2007年3月14日，国际高血压学会（ISH）、中华医学会和北京诺华制药有限公司在北京联合举行新闻发布会。会上宣布“ISH中国论坛-高血压及心血管并发症治疗策略”于2007年3月14日至3月18日，先后在北京、南京、上海、杭州和广州等地召开。ISH中国论坛由ISH和中华医学会联合主办，北京诺华制药有限公司协办，旨在通过与ISH国际知名学者共同探讨高血压的最新学术进展和治疗策略，促进有关高血压及心血管并发症的学术交流。     

双虎清肝颗粒联合复方益肝灵治疗酒精性肝炎45例

酒精性肝炎(ALH)是酒精性肝病的中期病变,也是最常见的酒精中毒性疾病。笔者在临床中应用双虎清肝颗粒联合复方益肝灵片治疗酒精性肝炎45例,取得满意疗效,报告如下。1资料与方法1·1一般资料观察病例均为我院2004年2月-2006年2月门诊患者,共86例,随机分为两组。治疗组45例,男42例,女3例;年龄29~55岁,平均38·4岁;病程3~11年,平均7·7年。对照组41例,男39例,女2例;年龄28~51岁,平均35·8岁;病程4~12年,平均8·3年。两组在性别、年龄、病程等方面比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0·05),具有可比性。全部病例均符合酒精性肝炎的诊断标准[1],符合…     

Mirizzi综合征的诊疗体会

1984年Mifizzi首先提出Mifizzi综合征后，国内外陆续有报道。笔者收集和分析我院近5年来对21例Mifizzi综合征的诊治体会报道如下。     

一例糖皮质激素性皮炎的护理

外用激素如果使用不当是导致糖皮质性皮炎的原因。现代许多女性为了美容去癍，增白嫩肤而长期错误地使用含激素的化妆品，激素的效能很强，使用时间越长，越易发生该病。我院于2004年10月收治1例因长期使用化妆品（含激素）导致糖皮质激素皮炎的病人，经过精心治疗和护理，病人痊愈出院。现将护理体会介绍如下。     

多巴胺转运体440bp等位基因与儿童孤独症的关系

目的探讨儿童孤独症(CA)与多巴胺转运体(DAT1)440bp等位基因的关系。 方法陕西省纺织医院等于2004年3~8月，采用PCR技术对来自西安市两所康复中心的汉族CA儿童与DAT1基因多态性进行遗传关联分析。 结果(1)DAT1基因多态性中共观察到5种等位基因(320bp，360bp，440bp，480bp，520bp)，6种基因型(480/480，480/320，520/480，480/360，480/440,440/440)。(2)使用相对危险度RR对CA与DAT1基因多态性的等位基因和基因型进行关联分析，显示480/440基因型和等位基因440与CA呈正关联，相对危险度分别为265和230，480/480基因型和等位基因480与CA呈负关联，相对危险度分别为064和077。但统计结果没有发现具有统计意义的差异。 结论中国汉族CA儿童与DAT1440bp等位基因无遗传关联。也许等位基因440bp与基因型480bp/440bp这两个因素是发病的风险因素,还有待今后的进一步研究。