Cd is a non-essential metal and highly toxic to plants, animals and humans, even at very low concentrations. Cd has been found in cocoa beans and in their products, as in the case of chocolate. Mn plays an important role in photosynthetic and can interact with Cd and attenuate its toxic effects on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanisms of Mn response in the mitigation of Cd toxicity in young plants of the CCN 51 cacao genotype submitted to 0.8?mmol?Cd kg?1, 1.6?mmol Mn kg?1 or the combination of 0.4?mmol?Cd kg?1?+?0.8?mmol Mn kg?1 soil, together with the control treatment (without addition of Cd and Mn in soil), by means of analysis of changes in the profile of exclusive proteins (EP) and differentially accumulated proteins (DAP). Leaf and root proteins were extracted and quantified from the different treatments, followed by proteomic analysis. About eight DAP and 38 EP were identified in leaves, whereas in roots 43 DAP and 21 EP were identified. Some important proteins induced in the presence of Cd and repressed in the presence of Cd?+?Mn or vice versa, were ATPases, isoflavone reductase, proteasome and chaperonin. It was concluded that proteins involved in oxidoreduction and defense and stress response processes, in addition to other processes, were induced in the presence of Cd and repressed in the presence of Cd?+?Mn. This demonstrated that Mn was able to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd on young plants of the CCN 51 cocoa genotype.
An unclear issue is whether gender may influence at cardiac remodeling after
myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated left ventricle remodeling in female
and male rats post-MI.
Methods
Rats were submitted to anterior descending coronary occlusion.
Echocardiographic evaluations were performed on the first and sixth week
post-occlusion to determine myocardial infarction size and left ventricle
systolic function (FAC, fractional area change). Pulsed Doppler was applied
to analyze left ventricle diastolic function using the following parameters:
E wave, A wave, E/A ratio. Two-way ANOVA was applied for comparisons,
complemented by the Bonferroni test. A P≤=0.05 was
considered significant.
Results
There were no significant differences between genders for morphometric
parameters on first (MI [Female (FE): 44.0±5.0 vs. Male (MA): 42.0±3.0%];
diastolic [FE: 0.04±0.003 vs. MA: 0.037±0.005, mm/g] and systolic [FE:
0.03±0.0004 vs. MA: 0.028±0.005, mm/g] diameters of left ventricle) and
sixth (MI [FE: 44.0±5.0 vs. MA: 42.0±3.0, %]; diastolic [FE: 0.043±0.01 vs.
MA: 0.034±0.005, mm/g] and systolic [FE: 0.035±0.01 vs. MA: 0.027±0.005,
mm/g] of LV) week. Similar findings were reported for left ventricle
functional parameters on first (FAC [FE: 34.0±6.0 vs. MA: 32.0±4.0, %]; wave
E [FE: 70.0±18.0 vs. MA: 73.0±14.0, cm/s]; wave A [FE: 20.0±12.0 vs. MA:
28.0±13.0, cm/s]; E/A [FE: 4.9±3.4 vs. MA: 3.3±1.8]) and sixth (FAC [FE:
29.0±7.0 vs. MA: 31.0±7.0, %]; wave E [FE: 85.0±18.0 vs. MA: 87.0±20.0,
cm/s]; wave A [FE: 20.0±11.0 vs. MA: 28.0±17.0, cm/s]; E/A [FE: 6.2±4.0 vs.
MA: 4.6±3.4]) week.
Conclusion
Gender does not influence left ventricle remodeling post-MI in rats. 相似文献
Immunological and inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in the development and
progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aim :
To raise the hypothesis that alterations in immunological parameters occur after
duodenojejunal bypass surgery combined with ileal interposition without
gastrectomy, and influences the insulin metabolism of betacells.
Methods :
Seventeen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under clinical management were
submitted to surgery and blood samples were collected before and six months after
surgery for evaluation of the serum profile of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α,
IL-17A) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). In addition, anthropometric
measures, glucose levels and insulin use were evaluated in each patient.
Results :
No changes in the expression pattern of proinflammatory cytokines were observed
before and after surgery. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in IL-10
expression, which coincided with a reduction in the daily insulin dose, glycemic
index, and BMI of the patients. Early presentation of food to the ileum may have
induced the production of incretins such as GLP-1 and PYY which, together with
glycemic control, contributed to weight loss, diabetes remission and the
consequent good surgical prognosis of these patients. In addition, the control of
metabolic syndrome was responsible for the reduction of IL-10 expression in these
patients.
Conclusion :
These findings suggest the presence of low-grade inflammation in these patients
during the postoperative period, certainly as a result of adequate glycemic
control and absence of obesity, contributing to a good outcome of surgery. 相似文献
To provide a brief review of the development of cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods
A review of the literature on the development of extracorporeal circulation
techniques, their essential role in cardiovascular surgery, and the
complications associated with their use, including hemolysis and
inflammation.
Results
The advancement of extracorporeal circulation techniques has played an
essential role in minimizing the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass,
which can range from various degrees of tissue injury to multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome. Investigators have long researched the ways in which
cardiopulmonary bypass may insult the human body. Potential solutions arose
and laid the groundwork for development of safer postoperative care
strategies.
Conclusion
Steady progress has been made in cardiopulmonary bypass in the decades since
it was first conceived of by Gibbon. Despite the constant evolution of
cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and attempts to minimize their
complications, it is still essential that clinicians respect the
particularities of each patient''s physiological function. 相似文献