功能部位皮肤软组织缺损创面治疗的新选择

目的：总结封闭式负压引流（vacuum-assisted closure, VAC）技术联合人工真皮（PELNAC）治疗功能部位皮肤软组织缺损创面的良好效果,推广该治疗方法的『陆床应用。方法：2008年3月-2011年12月,笔者应用VAC联合FELNAC治疗11例患者13处创面,其中车祸伤9例、自行车辐条搅伤1例、过山车滚轮碾压伤1例,所有创面均位于下肢,均为关节功能部位创面,9例有深部组织外露,伴有不同程度的关节功能障碍。围手术期行全身支持治疗,尽快扩创,行VAC治疗,创面肉芽组织生长新鲜后行PELNAC移植,PELNAC血管化后,行自体刃厚皮片移植。结果：所有创面经VAC治疗后,肉芽组织生长迅速,部分或完全覆盖深部外露组织,行PELNAC加自体刃厚皮片移植,12处创面一次性愈合,总治愈率为92．3％。随访半年-3年,创面愈合后无明显瘢痕增生,外观较好,功能佳。结论：VAC联合人工真皮治疗功能部深创面,明显缩短疗程,提高愈合质量,值得进一步推广使用。     

Monosodium iodoacetate induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway involving ROS production and caspase activation in rat chondrocytes in vitro

Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) is an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and causes dose‐dependent cartilage degradation resembling the pathological changes of human osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we assessed the apoptosis induced by MIA and clarified the underlying mechanisms using the primary rat chondrocytes. The apoptosis of primary rat chondrocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were evaluated using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. Apoptosis‐related protein cytochrome c and procaspase‐3 expressions were examined by Western blotting. We found that MIA treatment induces apoptosis in chondrocytes, as confirmed by increases in the percent of apoptotic cells, up‐regulation of cytochrome c and caspase‐3 protein levels. Treatment with MIA increases ROS production and decreases the levels of ΔΨm. The antioxidant, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), significantly prevented the production of ROS, the reduction of ΔΨm, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase‐3. Further, NAC completely protected the cells from MIA‐induced apoptosis. Together these observations suggest that the mechanisms of MIA‐induced apoptosis are primarily via ROS production and mitochondria‐mediated caspase‐3 activation in primary rat chondrocytes. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 364–369, 2013     

A quantitative assessment model of T‐cell immune function for predicting risks of infection and rejection during the early stage after liver transplantation

Although more and more clinical studies indicated that ImmuKnow assay could efficiently assess the immune status of recipients, it still has the challenge to predict the occurrence of clinical adverse events. This study aimed to establish a quantitative assessment model, which could more efficiently predict immune function of T lymphocytes after liver transplantation based on three indexes: CD4+ T lymphocyte count (C), CD4+/CD8+ ratio (R), and ImmuKnow adenosine triphosphate (ATP) value (A). We selected 194 recipients and measured the A, C, and R index every week, then obtained the Fisher linear discriminant functions by SPSS 16.0. Next, we divided the recipients into three groups: infection, stable, and rejection groups according to clinical status. After calculating, the discriminant function, 0.012A + 0.019C + 1.322R (simplified into T = 2A + 3C + 200R), was selected to represent the T‐cell‐mediated immune function. Based on the model, the optimal cutoff T values for infection and rejection were 1415 (sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 79.9%,AUC = 92.3%) and 1939.5 (sensitivity = 93.9%, specificity = 77.6%, AUC = 88.6%), relatively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this model may be a more feasible way to evaluate the cellular immune function status in liver transplantation recipients.     

Four years follow-up of 101 children with melamine-related urinary stones

The melamine-contaminated milk powder incidence occurred in China in 2008. Many studies have been published regarding the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of melamine-related urinary stones. The objective of this study is to follow-up the effects of melamine-contaminated milk powder consumption on kidney and body growth in children with melamine-related urinary stones 4 years ago. One hundred and one children with melamine-related urinary stones were followed up by urinalysis, renal function tests and urinary ultrasonography. The data of body weight and height, clinical signs and complications were collected. Eighty normal children without the history of consuming melamine-contaminated milk powder were collected as controls. Eighty-one children with melamine-related urinary stones were successfully followed up. Of 45 cases with melamine-related urinary stones treated conservatively after discharge, 34 disappeared completely, 6 dissolved partially, 1 increased in size and 4 did not change at 4 years follow-up. The percentages of under-height and under-weight infants were significantly higher in melamine-related urinary stones group compared to the controls, respectively (p < 0.05). Routine blood, renal and bladder function tests as well as urinalysis were normal in all children. No urological tumors were detected. No noticeable impact of melamine-related urinary stones on kidney and bladder was found at 4 years follow-up. However, whether or not melamine-related urinary stones had effect on body growth needs follow-up in future.     

外伤性近指间关节伸直僵硬的治疗

目的 探讨外伤后近指间关节伸直僵硬的治疗方法.方法 2007年8月至2012年6月,对26例(31指)保守治疗无效的近指间关节伸直僵硬,采取手术松解.术后早期在镇痛药物辅助下行功能锻炼.结果 术后26例(31指)获得3～ 12个月的随访,平均8个月.术后关节屈曲功能均有明显改善,屈度失能角度(F)明显减小,失能值降低,未发现肌腱滑脱及关节不稳者.结论 对于各种外伤后非骨性因素导致的近指间关节伸直僵硬,手指背侧松解结合术后镇痛药物和系统康复锻炼是手术成功的必要条件.     

胃肠间质瘤的CT表现及其对预后评估的价值

目的探讨胃肠间质瘤（GIST）CT征象对GIST患者预后评估的价值。方法收集有完整cT及病理组织学资料的38例原发GIST患者临床资料,统计不同cT征象与患者预后的关系。结果38例患者均获随访,平均随访时间42．6个月,3年生存率为86．8％。生存分析显示,GIST生长方式、最大径、形态、边界、坏死形式、溃疡形成、周围侵犯及肝转移等CT征象可明显影响患者术后3年生存率（均P〈0．05）。但GIST钙化与否与强化程度则与预后无关（均P〉0．05）。结论cT检查能充分显示GIST肿瘤内部情况和相邻组织关系,能判断肿瘤坏死、出血、肿瘤内细小钙化、局部浸润和远处转移,对GIsT患者预后的评估有重要的作用。     

Preoperative Imaging for Resectable Periampullary Cancer: Clinicopathologic Implications of Reported Radiographic Findings

Background

High-resolution, multiphase, computed tomography (CT) is a standard preoperative test prior to pancreatectomy, yet the clinical significance of routinely reported findings remains unknown.

Methods

We identified patients who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy for a periampullary adenocarcinoma (PA) over the previous 5 years and had a pancreas protocol CT at our institution. Clinicopathologic implications of reported CT findings were evaluated.

Results

There were 155 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA) and 47 non-pancreatic PAs. No mass was visualized on CT in 6 % of PDAs and 23 % of non-pancreatic PA. A size discrepancy of ≥1 cm between radiographic and pathologic tumor diameters was observed in 40 % of PAs, with CT underestimating the size in most instances (75 %). Radiographically enlarged lymph nodes were not associated with true lymph node metastases in PDAs (70 % lymph node positive cases were enlarged on CT vs 74 % lymph node negative, p = 0.5), but were associated with a preoperatively placed biliary endoprosthesis (63 % with endoprosthesis were enlarged vs 37 % no endoprosthesis, p = 0.013). Major visceral vessel involvement on CT was not associated with a vascular resection (3 % with CT vessel involvement vs 2 % without, p = 0.8) or a positive uncinate resection margin (24 vs 20 %, respectively, p = 0.6).

Discussion

While dedicated pancreas protocol CT provides unprecedented detail, the test may lead to overinterpretation of the extent of disease in some instances. A radiographic suggestion of enlarged lymph nodes and vascular involvement does not necessarily preclude exploration with curative intent. CTs with local disease should be reported in an objective template and carefully reviewed by a multidisciplinary group of surgeons, radiologists, and oncologists to avoid missing an opportunity for neoadjuvant therapy or cure by resection.     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗结肠癌伴肠梗阻的疗效

自1991年Jacobs等报道第1例腹腔镜结肠癌切除术以来,腹腔镜结直肠癌手术在我国经过10余年的发展,其技术和器械日益成熟,已进入推广提高阶段[1].但对结肠癌伴肠梗阻的患者,人们多选择开腹行结肠癌根治术.随着腹腔镜操作技术的不断提高,对部分结肠癌伴肠梗阻患者行腹腔镜根治术逐渐在临床开展.本研究回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年1月我科收治的47例结肠癌伴肠梗阻患者的临床资料,旨在探讨腹腔镜根治术治疗结肠癌伴肠梗阻的近期疗效.     

胃肠道间质瘤的CT表现与病理分级的相关性研究

目的对不同分级胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的计算机断层扫描（CT）征象进行对比分析,评价CT表现对GIST病理分级的作用。方法收集有完整CT及病理组织学资料的原发性GIST共58例,其中恶性41例,良性和交界性者17例,对照病理组织学与病理分级,分析其CT征象对GIST分级的作用。结果发生于小肠、直肠的GIST比来源于胃和食道的恶性可能性更大。50例GIST表现为向腔外及壁间生长,其中38例为恶性;肿瘤平均最大径为7.5 cm,最大径≥7.5 cm者共26例,其中恶性23例;呈分叶状生长的GIST 35例,其中恶性30例。所有良性或交界性的GIST边界清晰,19例恶性GIST边界不清或部分不清。所有的恶性GIST均呈不均匀强化,均见坏死,10例良性或交界性者不均匀强化,亦可见坏死。15例恶性GIST出现周围侵犯。5例肝转移,1例腹膜种植转移。肿瘤明显强化、肿瘤表面血管、瘤内粗大血管、肿瘤腔侧面黏膜强化环及肿瘤腔侧面出现溃疡这几个因素在两组之间差异均无统计学意义。结论 CT检查对GIST的术前诊断和病理分级的评估有重要的意义。