Ethnic variation in deep lateral orbital anatomy and its implications on decompression surgery

Aim: To describe differences in the deep lateral orbital wall (specifically, trigone) between Chinese, Malay, Indian and Caucasian subjects

Methods: Single-centre retrospective Computed Tomogram (CT)-based study; 20 subjects of each ethnicity were used from existing databases, matched for gender, average age and laterality. Subjects below 16 years of age were excluded. DICOM image viewing software CARESTREAM Vue PACS (Carestream Health Inc., USA) and OsiriX version 7.5 (Pixmeo., Switzerland) were used to measure deep lateral wall length, thickness and volume, as well as orbital depth and statistical analyses performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (IBM, USA).

Results: In each group, there were 12 males (60%) and average age was not significantly different (p = 0.682–0.987). Using Chinese subjects as a reference, in Chinese, Malay, Indian and Caucasian subjects, mean trigone thickness was 13.68, 14.02, 11.60 (p < 0.001) and 13.80 mm, curved total wall length 45.23, 42.29 (p = 0.048), 41.91 (p = 0.020) and 45.00 mm, curved trigone length 23.03, 22.61, 17.19 (p = 0.011) and 18.76 mm (p = 0.030) and trigone volume 3120.97, 3221.01, 1613.66 (p < 0.001), 2498.46 mm³ (p = 0.059) respectively. Similarly, perpendicular orbital depth was 27.54, 24.97, 22.12 (p = 0.001) and 25.93 mm and diagonal orbital depth was 34.19, 33.27, 29.48 (p = 0.01) and 34.63 mm respectively.

Conclusions: Indian and, to a lesser extent, Caucasian subjects have smaller trigones compared to their Chinese and Malay counterparts. Indian subjects also have shallower orbits and due care should be taken during decompression surgery.     

下颌磨牙区即拔即种的临床疗效观察

目的 探究下颌磨牙区即拔即种的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年1月至2019年1月江门市口腔医院收治的60例需进行下颌磨牙区种植的患者随机分为A、B组,A组给予即拔即种,B组给予延期种植,比较两组留存率、浅蝶形骨吸收率、种植12个月后PIS指标及满意度进行评价。结果 随访12个月两组留存率均为100%,浅碟形骨吸收率A组前磨牙为16.67%、磨牙为22.22%,B组前磨牙为10.00%、磨牙为25.00%,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),A组植入30个种植体,60个牙间乳头,其中3度29个、2度24个、1度7个,B组植入30个种植体,60个牙间乳头,其中3度14个、2度24个、1度22个,A组牙间乳头PIS指标优于B组,且A组牙间乳头PIS评分(2.36±0.52)较B组(1.87±0.48)显著提高,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A组对治疗效果满意率为93.33%较B组66.67%显著提高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 对于下颌磨牙区缺牙患者可采取即拔即种的方法修复,缩短缺牙时间,促进咬合和咀嚼功能恢复,舒适且美观,提高患者的满意度,值得在临床上推广。     

超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合PRP治疗面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕疗效分析

目的:探究超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合富血小板血浆(PRP)治疗面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕的疗效。方法:72例面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者,随机分为观察组(36例)和对照组(36例)。对照组采用超脉冲CO2点阵激光治疗,观察组采用超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合PRP治疗。比较两组患者的灰度差异、时间指标、瘢痕程度、疼痛、不良反应及视觉评估。结果:观察组的并发症发生率为11.11%,低于对照组的36.11%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的灰度差异率均减小,且观察组患者的灰度差异率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的炎性渗出时间、红肿时间、愈合时间、停工时间及瘢痕程度评分均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但疼痛度评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合PRP治疗面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕效果较好,可有效降低瘢痕程度,减少治疗时间及并发症的发生,帮助患者迅速回归正常工作与生活,值得临床推广使用。     

Rabs and axonal regeneration

Membrane trafficking processes are presumably vital for axonal regeneration after injury, but mechanistic understanding in this regard has been sparse. A recent loss-of-function screen had been carried out for factors important for axonal regeneration by cultured cortical neurons and the results suggested that the activity of a number of Rab GTPases might act to restrict axonal regeneration. A loss of Rab27b, in particular, is shown to enhance axonal regeneration in vitro, as well as in C. elegans and mouse central nervous system injury models in vivo. Possible mechanisms underlying this new finding, which has important academic and translational implication, are discussed.     

贵阳地区儿童重症社区获得性肺炎肺泡灌洗液病原及药敏分析

目的分析贵阳地区儿童重症社区获得性肺炎支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）病原学分布及耐药特点。方法收集989例重症社区获得性肺炎患儿临床资料，将支气管肺泡灌液采用支气管镜取出进行细菌培养、病毒以及肺炎支原体(MP)检测。结果（1）989例重症社区获得性肺炎患儿病原检出阳性716例，阳性率72.40%，细菌、病毒、支原体检出率分别33.27% （329例）、22.45%（222例）、31.45%（311例）。（2）细菌感染中的肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为最为常见的革兰阳性菌株(G+)；而肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌为最为常见的革兰阴性菌株(G-)。培养菌株对青霉素类、红霉素、第1、2、3代头孢类抗生素有较高的耐药性，对头孢吡肟、拉氧头孢、哌拉西林、左氧氟沙星有较高的敏感性，对亚胺培南、万古霉素、利奈唑烷均无耐药发生。（3）病毒感染检出222例，其中呼吸道合胞病毒131例，腺病毒检测49例，流感病毒6例（A型2例，B型4例），副流感病毒36例（1型3例、2型4例、3型29例），病毒检出率以0～12月龄组最高，RSV、ADV感染主要集中在冬春季节。（4）肺炎支原体检出阳性率31.45%（311例），肺炎支原体检出率以3～5岁组最高。结论贵阳地区重症肺炎中肺炎克雷伯杆菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为重要的细菌病原。重要病毒为腺病毒和呼吸道病毒为主，1～12月龄组的病毒感染检出率比较高。     

多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后

目的探讨多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后。方法回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2013年1月至2018年12月收治的42例多原发结直肠癌患者的临床资料,对其临床病理特征、诊治及预后进行总结。结果符合多原发结直肠癌诊断的患者42例,占同期收治的所有结直肠癌患者的1.20%(42/3499),病理类型以腺癌为主。其中,同时性多原发癌32例,年龄38~86岁,中位年龄66岁,共发现73处结直肠癌灶,多位于近端结肠、乙状结肠及直肠;共检出淋巴结527枚,阳性10枚(1.9%),淋巴结阳性患者占同时性多原发癌的37.5%(12/32);27例为双原发癌,3例为三原发癌,2例为五原发癌;1、3年总生存率分别为83.75%和74.38%。异时性多原发癌10例,年龄33~86岁,第一癌多位于直肠和乙状结肠区域,第二癌多位于升结肠区域;共检出淋巴结276枚,阳性率12.3%(34枚),1、3年总生存率分别为100.00%和66.67%。结论多原发结直肠癌在临床上不少见,其分布有一定规律。临床中应引起重视,提高早期诊断率。应早期手术治疗以提高患者的生存率。