食管内置放金属支架的选择

目的　严格掌握食管内支架置放适应证 ,提高金属支架的放置效果。方法　经胃镜在X线电视下植入 ,选用 2种材料支架 ,对 72例食管 (食管、胃连接部 )良恶性狭窄 ,共置放 83根金属支架。结果　置放支架均一次成功。以被覆镍钛合金支架效果较好。患者的生活质量均得到提高。结论　失去手术治疗机会 (包括放射治疗 )的晚期肿瘤或肿瘤手术后 (复发 ) ,而引起管腔狭窄的患者可首选食管内支架置放术 ,良性狭窄慎用此术 ,无被覆支架不宜采用。     

乌鲁木齐市草原优势种蝗虫的防治

本文对发生在乌鲁木齐市草原上优势种蝗虫的种类、分布、发生区域进行了分析,并对防治工作进行了探讨。     

手绘直线、螺线的两个统计指标定量检测手震颤

目的 :定量检测神经科患者的手震颤。方法 :手绘直线、螺线经计算机图像识别数值化 ,计算平均偏离 (AverageDeparture,AD)和加权平均均方差 (WeightedAverageRootMeanSquare,WARMS) ,对手震颤患者组和健康对照组进行t检验。结果 :手震颤患者组和对照组之间AD、WARMS存在显著性差异。结论 :AD和WARMS可作为神经科患者手震颤的定量指标     

Background,applications and challenges of radiogenomics in genitourinary tumor

Genitourinary tumors are groups of tumors with high complexity and heterogeneity. For long-term monitoring, biomarkers that can be used in detection, grading and treatment response assessment are needed. With rapid development in imaging technology and cancer genomics, radiogenomics, the combination of “radiology” and “genomics”, has emerged as a powerful tool in oncology practice in recent years because imaging can provide some information that genomic test cannot as gene expression and mutation status are usually evaluated on a small portion of the tumor and are usually not powerful enough to reflect tumor heterogeneity. Radiogenomics investigates the correlations between imaging features and gene expression of a disease, especially in oncologic diseases. It aims to detect the disease’s mutation status and supplement genomic analysis based on imaging analysis, providing additional findings for diagnosis, treatment decisions, evaluation of treatment response and prognosis prediction of the disease. Recent years have seen an increase in the number of studies investigating the application of radiogenomics in genitourinary tumors. Many studies have shown promising results. However, there still exist limitations and challenges. In this review, we will summarize recent applications of radiogenomics in genitourinary tumors and discuss limitiations, challenges and future directions of radiogenomics.     

Dietary patterns of adolescent girls in Hawaii over a 2-year period

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in dietary patterns of adolescent girls in Hawaii from 2001 to 2003. DESIGN: Cohort study, with exams 2 years apart. SUBJECTS/SETTING: One hundred fifty-one girls of Asian, white, and mixed ethnicity who were aged 9 to 14 years at exam 1 and aged 11 to 16 years at exam 2 and lived on the island of Oahu, HI. METHODS: Three-day diet records were obtained at each exam. Mean nutrient and food group intakes and weight, height, and body mass index were determined and compared between the two exams. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Data are summarized as means+/-standard deviation unless otherwise stated. Differences in values between groups were analyzed for significance using paired t tests and multiple regression. RESULTS: Girls at exams 1 and 2 had mean carbohydrate intakes of 233 g and 241 g, respectively, and protein intakes of 67 g and 65 g, respectively. None of the carbohydrate intakes were below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) at exam 1 and only one girl was below at exam 2. Three percent of girls had protein intakes that were below the EAR at exam 1 whereas 9% were below at exam 2. For iron intakes, 3% of girls were below the EAR at exam 1 and 14% of girls were below at exam 2. Girls at exams 1 and 2 had mean calcium intakes of 733 mg and 732 mg, respectively, and fiber intakes of 11.2 g and 11.4 g, respectively; lower than the Adequate Intake recommendation. The percentage of energy from macronutrients in exams 1 and 2, respectively, was in range of the Appropriate Macronutrient Distribution Range for more than 70% of girls (76% for exam 1, 79% for exam 2), but the mean percentage intake of saturated fat intake was higher than the recommended range for more than 65% of the girls at both exams 1 and 2 (69% at exam 1, 73% at exam 2). However, no significant differences were found in percent contribution of or in total intake of macronutrients between the two exams. More than half of girls (51% to 100%) did not consume the recommended number of Food Guide Pyramid Servings for any food group at either exam 1 or 2. A significant increase was found for sweetened carbonated beverage intake (from 130 g to 179 g; P<0.05) and for added sugar intake (from 16 tsp to 18 tsp; P<0.01) between exams 1 and 2, a level well above recommendations. As expected, mean body weight and mean body mass index increased significantly between exams 1 and 2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest high dietary intakes of dietary fat and sugar, and increasing intakes of sweetened carbonated beverages and other high-sugar drinks during adolescence among girls in Hawaii.     

Economic burden of expected epidemiological changes in diseases related to tobacco, Mexico

OBJECTIVE: To determine health care costs and economic burden of epidemiological changes in diseases related to tobacco consumption. METHODS: A time-series analysis in Mexico (1994-2005) was carried out on seven health interventions: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, lung cancer with and without surgical intervention, asthma in smokers and non-smokers, full treatment course with nicotine gum, and full treatment course with nicotine patch. According with Box-Jenkins methodology, probabilistic models were developed to forecast the expected changes in the epidemiologic profile and the expected changes in health care services required for selected interventions. Health care costs were estimated following the instrumentation methods and validated with consensus technique. RESULTS: A comparison of the economic impact in 2006 vs. 2008 showed 20-90% increase in expected cases depending on the disease (p<0.05), and 25-93% increase in financial requirements (p<0.01). The study data suggest that changes in the demand for health services for patients with respiratory diseases related to tobacco consumption will continue showing an increasing trend. CONCLUSIONS: In economic terms, the growing number of cases expected during the study period indicates a process of internal competition and adds an element of intrinsic competition in the management of preventive and curative interventions. The study results support the assumption that if preventive programs remain unchanged, the increasing demands for curative health care may cause great financial and management challenges to the health care system of middle-income countries like Mexico.     

Ferroptosis-related gene signature associates with immunity and predicts prognosis accurately in patients with osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma has been the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, while the 5-y survival of osteosarcoma patients gained no significant improvement over the past decades. This study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in the development and prognosis of osteosarcoma. The datasets of osteosarcoma patients including RNA sequencing data and clinical information were acquired from the TRGET and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The identification of molecular subgroups with different FRG expression patterns was achieved through nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. The prognostic model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied for determining the stromal score, immune score, ESTIMA score, and tumor purity of osteosarcoma patients. Functional analyses including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms in the development and prognosis of osteosarcoma. Two molecular subgroups with different FRGs expression patterns were identified. The molecular subgroups with higher immune score and more active immune status showed better prognostic survival. On the basis of FRGs, a prognostic model and a nomogram integrating clinical characteristics were constructed and their prediction efficiency for osteosarcoma prognosis were well validated. Gene functional enrichment analysis showed that these differentially expressed FRGs were mainly enriched in immunity-related signaling pathways, indicating that FRGs may affect the development and prognosis of osteosarcoma by regulating the immune microenvironment. The expression profiles of FRGs were closely related to the immunity status and prognostic survival of osteosarcoma patients. The interaction between ferroptosis and immunity in the development of osteosarcoma could provide a new insight into the exploration of molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies of osteosarcoma patients.     

大黄提取物对犬肢体枪弹伤后脑神经元c-Jun蛋白表达变化的影响

目的:观察中药大黄治疗后肢体高能量枪弹伤犬脑神经元c-Jun蛋白表达的变化,从分子生物水平上探讨中药大黄治疗肢体火器伤后远达效应的脑保护途径。方法:实验于2001-07/12在解放军第四军医大学西京医院实验外科完成。18只杂种犬,以M-193,5.56mm制式弹射击犬双后肢肌肉丰满处,随机分为对照组、大黄治疗组,每组分伤后2,6,10h3个时间点,每个时间点3只。对照组伤后应用无菌注射用水鼻饲,大黄治疗组应用中药大黄的乙醇及水提液鼻饲,采用免疫组化方法观察两组伤后2,6,10h远隔部位脑组织脑神经元中c-Jun蛋白的表达变化。结果:18只杂种犬均进入结果分析。伤后2,6,10h大黄治疗组脑神经元中c-Jun蛋白显著少于对照组[(8.7±1.2),(14.2±1.7)个/单位面积;(3.7±2.5),(21.6±2.1)个/单位面积;(11.6±1.4),(19.2±1.9)个/单位面积,P<0.01]。结论:中药大黄提取液能够抑制肢体枪弹伤后脑神经元c-Jun蛋白的表达。