Intraspinal transplantation of CD34+ human umbilical cord blood cells after spinal cord hemisection injury improves functional recovery in adult rats

The present study was designed to compare the functional outcome of the intraspinal transplantation of CD34+ human umbilical cord blood (CB) cells with that of human bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells in adult rats with spinal cord injury. Sixty adult Wistar rats were subjected to left spinal cord hemisection, and then divided into three groups randomly. The control group received an injection of PBS without cells, while the two other groups of rats received a transplantation of 5 x 10(5) CD34+ CB or BMS cells, respectively. Functional outcome was measured using the modified Tarlov score at days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. A statistically significant improvement in functional outcome and survival rate in the experimental groups of rats was observed compared with the control group. Rats that received CD34+ CB cells achieved a better improvement in functional score than those that received BMS cells at days 7 and 14 after transplantation. Histological evaluation revealed that bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled CD34+ CB and BMS cells survived and migrated into the injured area. Some of these cells expressed glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) or neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN). Our data demonstrate for the first time that intraspinal transplantation of human CD34+ CB cells provides benefit in function recovery after spinal cord hemisection in rats and suggest that CD34+ CB cells may be an excellent choice of cells as routine starting material of allogenic and autologous transplantations for the treatment of spinal cord injury.     

Recent trends in workload, input costs, and expenditures in the Air Force Medical Service Direct Care System

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between two types of trends in the Air Force Medical Service Direct Care System (AFMS/DCS): trends in expenditures, total and by categories; and trends in medical workload, defined as the sum of inpatient admissions and outpatient clinic visits. Expenditure and medical workload data were extracted from the Medical Expense and Performance Reporting System Executive Query System. Medical inflation data were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Index series. Between fiscal years 1995 and 1999, the AFMS/DCS experienced a 21.2% decrease in medical workload, but total (nominal) expenditures declined only 3.6%. Of all expenditure categories, only inpatient medical care, outpatient medical care, and military-funded private sector care for active duty personnel (supplemental care) have any direct relationship with AFMS/DCS medical workload. Real expenditures for the three categories above decreased by 20.3% during the 5-year period. Accounting for inflation and considering only expenditures related to medical workload, these results suggest that the AFMS/DCS is spending approximately 20% less money to do approximately 20% less work.     

Comparative studies on epimastigote and metacyclic stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. II. Selective lysis by rodent sera

In a series of immunological studies on Trypanosoma cruzi, the lytic titers of epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes by sera obtained from normal and infected rodents were compared. Lysis of culture forms of T. cruzi by normal mouse or rat serum was restricted to the epimastigote form. Freezing reduced the lytic titers of rodent sera. This serum lytic activity was also depressed during the acute infection phase. Metacyclic trypomastigotes were more resistant than epimastigotes to both nonspecific and specific lysis by sera, However, provided with fresh complement, antisera collected from mice or rats lysed 12-26% of metacyclic trypomastigotes.     

Targeting Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Adult Neurogenesis

Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species, which is closely related to aging and disease. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also an adipokine known as visfatin, is the rate‐limiting enzyme for mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis by generating nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide. Recent findings from our laboratory and other laboratories have provided much evidence that NAMPT might serve as a therapeutic target to restore adult neurogenesis. NAMPT‐mediated NAD biosynthesis in neural stem/progenitor cells is important for their proliferation, self‐renewal, and formation of oligodendrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Therapeutic interventions by the administration of NMN, NAD, or recombinant NAMPT are effective for restoring adult neurogenesis in several neurological diseases. We summarize adult neurogenesis in aging, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease and review the advances of targeting NAMPT in restoring neurogenesis. Specifically, we provide emphasis on the P7C3 family, a class of proneurogenic compounds that are potential NAMPT activators, which might shed light on future drug development in neurogenesis restoration.     

锐性分离精索在腹股沟疝手术中的应用

目的总结锐性分离精索在腹股沟疝修补术中的应用体会。方法采集2005年1月至2011年1月腹股沟疝患者259例的资料,手术方式分别为Bassini 8例,McVay 9例,Lichtenstein 38例,Ruktow 89例,Millikan 95例和筋膜后修补20例。术中操作贯彻锐性分离精索的原则,对手术方法、手术时间等术中情况以及术后早期和远期并发症进行观察。结果手术操作顺利,手术时间40～65min,平均50min。术中出血0～20ml,平均5ml。早期并发症中尿潴留32例(12.4%),阴囊血清肿8例(3.1%),阴囊血肿5例(1.9%)。术后住院时间3～7d,平均4.5d。术后随访3个月至5年,无复发。结论锐性分离技术应用于腹股沟斜疝手术具有解剖结构显露清晰、副损伤轻微、有助于教学的优势。     

上前牙区埋伏多生牙的CBCT定位分析与应用

目的:利用锥形束CT对上前牙区埋伏多生牙进行定位分析,并评价其临床应用价值。方法:对门诊常规X线检查难以准确定位的58例上前牙区埋伏多生牙患者行CBCT扫描,三维重建,对埋伏多生牙行定位分析,确定手术进路,指导临床手术。结果:CBCT精确定位58例患者73颗上前牙区埋伏多生牙,清晰直观得显示了多生牙的数目、位置、形态、与周围解剖结构毗邻关系,根据CBCT信息制订手术方案,患者均顺利拔除多生牙。结论:锥形束CT可以准确定位埋伏多生牙,利于术中发现多生牙,减少手术对邻近软硬组织的损伤。     

2例脑死亡无偿器官捐献供体的维护体会

目的探讨脑死亡器官移植供体的维护要点。方法我院于2011年12月至2012年1月期间共完成2例脑死亡器官捐献(DBD)供体的无偿器官捐献工作。供体确诊为脑死亡,应用机械通气、血管活性药物及其他相关药物维持供体,监测有创动脉压、中心静脉压、心率、血气交换、尿量、电解质酸碱平衡、体温、血细胞比容、白蛋白水平等,维持供体器官灌注。结果 2例DBD供体维持生命体征平稳,捐献的器官功能稳定正常。其中,供体1在入ICU后6 h确诊脑死亡,到实施器官捐献共维护33 h;供体2在入ICU后8 h确诊脑死亡,到实施器官捐献共维护31 h。捐献的肝脏、肾脏和角膜均成功移植于受体。结论 DBD供体维护是确保潜在供体器官成功捐献和捐献器官移植手术成功的关键因素之一,对有效提高捐献器官的利用率及缓解目前器官短缺状况起到很重要的作用。     

Giant suprarenal tumor

Adrenal tumors evoke considerable interest and represent various diagnostic challenges. Adrenal tumors can be stratified into adrenal medullary and adrenocortical tumors. Approximately 60% of adrenocortical tumors are hormonally active and show specific signs and symptoms. Patients with a nonfunctioning adrenal tumor usually present with abdominal discomfort due to the mass effect of the tumor. An imaging feature that differentiates benign from malignant adrenal neoplasms is the tumor size. Thus, for the differential diagnosis of adrenal lesions, measurement of the Hounsfield units on an unenhanced computed tomographic scan is of great value when differentiating malignant from benign lesions. Herein, we describe a young female patient who presented with a huge left suprarenal tumor. She underwent complete resection of the adrenal tumor. The final pathological diagnosis was an adrenocortical carcinoma. There has been no evidence of recurrence for the last 4 years.     

不同容量治疗方法对肝癌切除术患者炎性反应的影响

目的 评价不同容量治疗方法对肝癌切除术患者炎性反应的影响.方法 择期行肝癌切除术患者40例,性别不限,年龄40～60岁,体重指数20～25 kg/m,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=20):常规补液组(Ⅰ组)和目标管理补液组(Ⅱ组).Ⅰ组补液量为补偿性扩容量+生理需要量+累计缺失量+继续损失量+第三间隙丢失量,补偿性扩容量于麻醉诱导前以乳酸钠林格氏液补充,补液量为5ml/kg,继续损失量按失血量计算,以HES 130/0.4等量补充,第三间隙丢失量采用乳酸钠林格式液以5ml·kg·-1·h-1补充,生理需要量与累计缺失量根据4-2-1法则以乳酸钠林格式液补充.Ⅱ组补偿性扩容置于麻醉诱导前补充,方法同Ⅰ组,麻醉诱导后静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液5 ml·kg-1·h-1,同时根据每搏量(SV)和校正左室射血时间(LVETc)指导补液,维持LVETc 350～400 ms;350 ms＜ LVETc＜ 400 ms,且SV增加幅度＞10％时,则继续静脉输注6％ HES 130/0.4,直至SV增幅≤10％.于麻醉诱导前和术毕时取静脉血样,测定血清TNF-α、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6和IL-8的浓度,记录心血管不良反应的发生情况.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8浓度降低,IL-2和IL-4浓度升高,低血压和心动过速发生率降低(P＜0.05).两组均未发生心血管不良反应.结论 采用LVETc与SV指导容量治疗能维持有效循环血容量,抑制炎性反应,适用于肝癌切除术患者.