A new strategy for choosing “Q-markers” via network pharmacology,application to the quality control of a Chinese medical preparation

Due to its chemical complexity, proper quality control for a Chinese medical preparation (CMP) has been a great challenge. Choosing the appropriate quality markers (Q-markers) for quality control of CMP is an important work. Best of all, the chosen Q-markers are the main chemical compounds from the herbals as well as the active constituents of this CMP. Only in this way the established quality control system can really achieve the purpose of controlling the quality of CMP and ensuring the safely and effectively use of CMP. To achieve the purpose, network pharmacology combined with the contents of chemical compounds in the CMP has been used in this research. We took an anti-arrhythmic CMP, Shenxian-Shengmai oral liquid (SSOL), as an example. Firstly, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was used to analyze the main components of SSOL. A total of 64 compounds were unambiguously or tentatively identified and 32 of them were further validated by reference compounds. Secondly, the network was constructed based on the identified compounds to predict the effective compounds related to cardiac arrhythmias. Based on the existing database and the operation method of topology, a method of double network analysis (DNAA) was proposed, from which 10 important targets in the pathway of arrhythmia were screened out, and 26 compounds had good antiarrhythmic activity. Based on the prediction results of network pharmacology along with the contents of the compounds in this CMP, ten representative compounds were chosen as the Q-markers for the quality control of SSOL. We find that five of these ten compounds, including danshensu, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, epimedin A and icariin, have antiarrhythmic activity. Then, the UPLC-DAD method was established as the control method for SSOL.     

Comparative Study of Metal Accumulation in Three Fish Species (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Silurus asotus,Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus auratus</Emphasis>) from the Jinsha and Tuo Rivers Located Upstream of the Yangtze River,China

Poland is one of the countries distinguished by a long and colorful past. Undergoing numerous turbulent socio-economic changes forced by the course of history, Poland is now one of the member states of the European Union. Experiencing low water quantity and high contamination levels in surface waters, Poland is following other EU countries in the effort to reach a “good” water status. Herein are presented impacts of changes in Polish history on water legislation, management, and research, as well as explanations for the perceptible split between engineering and scientific approaches to the aquatic issues. Drawbacks caused by unsatisfactory state research funding for the sciences and division of the water related contemporary scientific interests are also discussed.     

阿利吉仑对高血压肾病小鼠肾的保护作用及其作用机制

目的探究阿利吉仑对高血压肾病小鼠的保护作用及其对磷脂酰肌醇激/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)表达的影响。方法用微渗泵灌注血管紧张素Ⅱ制备高血压小鼠肾病模型。按照体重将小鼠随机分为6组:假手术组、模型组和低、中、高3个剂量实验组(灌胃阿利吉仑12. 5,25. 0,50. 0 mg·kg^-1)与对照组(卡托普利30 mg·kg^-1),每组15只;造模后给药,每日1次,连续灌胃2周。以实时定量PCR法测定肾组织中胰岛素受体底物2(Irs2)、磷脂酰肌醇激酶-3(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(Akt) mRNA表达;以免疫印迹法测定Irs2、PI3K、Akt与Caspase-3蛋白表达情况。结果给药4周,假手术组、模型组、对照组和高剂量实验组的PI3K mRNA表达分别为1. 14±0. 21,0. 34±0. 08,1. 07±0. 23和0. 96±0. 22;这4组的Akt mRNA表达分别为1. 23±0. 27,0. 45±0. 13,1. 05±0. 16和0. 91±0. 15,模型组与假手术组比较或高剂量实验组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。这4组的小鼠肾组织Caspase-3蛋白表达水平分别为0. 29±0. 06,1. 06±0. 13,0. 31±0. 06和0. 37±0. 08,模型组与假手术组比较或高剂量实验组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论阿利吉仑对高血压小鼠肾具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路、抑制Caspase-3表达有关。     

锁阳抑制良性前列腺增生的作用机制研究

目的研究锁阳对大鼠前列腺增生(BPH)模型的作用及相关机制研究。方法用雌/雄激素诱导大鼠前列腺增生。按体重将去势3周后大鼠随机分为3组:模型组,锁阳组(3 g·kg^-1·d^-1),氟他胺组(30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1),每组10只。另外取10只健康大鼠作为假手术组,模型组和假手术组给等量0. 9%Na Cl,均灌胃给药,每天1次,连续给药45 d。以蛋白免疫印迹检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白变化;用Cyto Scape3. 5. 1软件构建和分析锁阳"化合物-靶点-前列腺增生"复杂网络。结果给药后,假手术组、模型组、锁阳组的PCNA蛋白表达灰度比值分别是0. 58±0. 11,1. 37±0. 21,0. 94±0. 31,模型组与假手术比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);锁阳组与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。网络药理学揭示,锁阳直接作用于BPH疾病的靶点有7个,4个新发现的靶点分别为细胞周期素D1(CCND1)、磷脂酰基醇(PIK3CA)、氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARG)和过氧化物合成酶(PTGS2)。结论锁阳抑制大鼠前列腺增生可能与细胞增殖等通路以及调节细胞周期素D1(CCND1)与磷脂酰基醇(PIK3CA)等蛋白表达相关。     

影响抗生素微生物检定法(管碟法)测定准确性的常见原因分析

目的 总结抗生素微生物检定法(管碟法)中影响测定结果准确性的常见系统误差并加以控制。方法 梳理10余年来中检院仲裁复验的案例,对共性问题进行整理,找出可能原因,并采用单一变量实验设计的方式加以确证。结果 估计效价和浓度比的错误计算、点样顺序和点样时间规范性和熟练程度、试验标准菌株的变异均会对管碟法测定结果产生影响。结论 通过细化实验操作规范,可以避免或尽量消除此类系统误差的影响。     

HPLC法测定四制香附丸中橙皮苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱测定四制香附丸中橙皮苷含量的方法.方法以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液(21:79)为流动相;检测波长为284 nm.结果线性关系为Y=1.9848 X 2.1951,相关系数r=0.9995,线性范围在70.24～561.92 ng,平均回收率101.34%(n=6),RSD=1.08%.结论本法操作简便准确,可作为四制香附丸中橙皮苷含量的质量控制方法.     

The clinical significance of plasma CFHR 1–5 in lupus nephropathy

A deficiency of complement factor H may lead to excessive consumption of C3 and an increase in C3b deposition, which are important pathological characteristics of lupus nephritis. Complement factor H-related proteins (CFHRs), comprising CFHR1 to CFHR5 (CFHR1–5), are members of the wider factor H/CFHR family. Their role in lupus nephritis remains unclear. In this study, we compared circulating levels of CFHR1–5 in 152 patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis and 20 unrelated healthy individuals to explore the relationship between the expression of CFHR1–5 and development of the disease. We found that plasma levels of CFHR3 and CFHR5 were higher in patients with lupus nephritis than in healthy individuals; also, CFHR3 and CFHR5 concentrations increased with increasing systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) values (P < 0.05). Pearson's and Spearman's correlation test results confirmed that plasma CFHR3 and CFHR5 levels in lupus nephritis patients were positively correlated with proteinuria and levels of creatinine (Cr) and anti-dsDNA (correlation coefficients = 0.491–0.717, P < 0.05), while they were negatively correlated with plasma C3 levels and eGFR [correlation coefficients = –(0.706–0.788), P < 0.05]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis results confirmed that plasma CFHR3 and CFHR5 levels were predictive of SLEDAI values and disease end points (area under the curve = 0.664–0.884, P < 0.05), with patients with both high CFHR3 and high CFHR5 exhibiting the shortest progression-free survival. Thus, both CFHR3 and CFHR5 are of prognostic value in lupus nephritis status.     

重离子放射治疗技术及临床应用

重离子的细胞杀伤作用大,有倒转剂量分布优势,而且具有拓展布拉格峰、高传能线密度、高相对生物效应等特点。将其应用于癌症治疗,可使深部区域肿瘤细胞因高剂量辐射而被有效杀灭,而对周围组织因低剂量分布、相对危害较小,能实现精确靶向治疗,这也被认为是最有前景的肿瘤放疗技术。本文简要介绍了重离子放射治疗的物理和生物学特征,回顾了重离子放射治疗的发展历程及现状;重点阐述了重离子放射治疗技术在临床的应用现状及优势,以期为重离子辐射生物学的研究人员提供一定的数据参考和未来方向参考,更好地促进重离子放射治疗在临床治癌中的良好应用。