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91.
MCDA swing weighting and discrete choice experiments for elicitation of patient benefit‐risk preferences: a critical assessment
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92.
Tommi Tervonen Anastasia Ustyugova Sumitra Sri Bhashyam Gregory Y.H. Lip Paolo Verdecchia Ryan Kwan Savion Gropper Jutta Heinrich-Nols Kevin Marsh 《Value in health》2017,20(10):1394-1402
Background
Decision on the most appropriate oral anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is difficult because multiple treatment options are available, and these vary in their clinical effects and relevant nonclinical characteristics.Objectives
To use a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to compare the oral anticoagulants apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, and vitamin K antagonist (VKAs; specifically warfarin) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.Methods
We identified the evaluation criteria through a targeted literature review and clinical judgment. The final evaluation model included nine clinical events and four other criteria. We ranked possibly fatal clinical event criteria on the basis of the differences in risks of fatal events and the corresponding window of therapeutic opportunity, as observed in clinical trials. Clinical judgment was used to rank other criteria. Full criteria ranking was used to calculate centroid weights, which were combined with individual treatment performances to estimate the overall value score for each treatment.Results
Using such an MCDA, dabigatran yielded the highest overall value, approximately 6% higher than that of the second-best treatment, apixaban. Dabigatran also had the highest first-rank probability (0.72) in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Rivaroxaban performed worse than the other non-VKA oral anticoagulants, but better than VKAs (with both having 0.00 first-rank probability). The results were insensitive to changes in model structure.Conclusions
When all key oral anticoagulant value criteria and their relative importance are investigated in an MCDA, dabigatran appears to rank the highest and warfarin the lowest. 相似文献93.
Haitham Ballo Miikka Tarkia Matti Haavisto Christoffer Stark Marjatta Strandberg Tommi Vähäsilta Virva Saunavaara Tuula Tolvanen Mika Teräs Ville-Veikko Hynninen Timo Savunen Anne Roivainen Juhani Knuuti Antti Saraste 《Ultrasound in medicine & biology》2019,45(2):568-578
We evaluated the relationships between regional myocardial strain measured by speckle tracking echocardiography and viability, fibrosis, hypertrophy and oxygen consumption in the infarcted or remote myocardium in a pig model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI). Thirteen farm pigs with surgical occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and five sham-operated pigs were studied 3 mo post-MI. Computed tomography revealed significant left ventricle remodeling. Reduced radial or circumferential strain identified areas of transmural infarction (area under the curve: 0.82 and 0.79, respectively). In the remote non-infarcted area, radial strain correlated inversely with the amount of fibrosis (r?=?–0.66, p?=?0.04) and myocyte hypertrophy (r?=?–0.68, p?=?0.03). Radial strain rate inversely correlated with myocardial resting oxygen consumption assessed with 11C-labeled acetate positron emission tomography (r?=?–0.71, p?=?0.006). In conclusion, myocardial strain and strain rate reflect fibrosis, hypertrophy and oxygen consumption of the remote areas after MI. 相似文献
94.
Liisa Kuula Ilona Merikanto Tommi Makkonen Risto Halonen Marius Lahti‐Pulkkinen Jari Lahti Kati Heinonen Katri Rikknen Anu‐Katriina Pesonen 《Journal of sleep research》2019,28(1)
Research suggests an association between schizophrenia and a decrease in sleep spindle activity, as well as a change in sleep architecture. It is unknown how the continuum of psychotic symptoms relates to different features in the sleep electroencephalogram. We set out to examine how sleep architecture and stage 2 spindle activity are associated with schizotypy in a healthy adolescent population. The participants in our study (n = 176, 61% girls) came from a community‐based cohort. Schizotypal traits were evaluated using the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA) in early adolescence (mean age 12.3 years, SD = 0.5) and the participants underwent ambulatory overnight polysomnography at mean age 16.9 years (SD = 0.1). Sleep was scored in 30‐s epochs into stages 1, 2, 3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Stage 2 spindles were detected using an automated algorithm. Spindle analyses from central and frontal derivations included spindle duration and density for slow (10–13 Hz) and fast (13–16 Hz) ranges. Covariates included sex and age. Those with the highest STA scores had a higher percentage of REM (B = 2.07 [95% CI, 0.17, 4.0]; p = .03) than those with the lowest scores. Those with the highest scores had shorter spindle duration, as derived from the frontal regions, and a slower oscillation range (B = ?0.04 [95% CI, ?0.07, ?0.01]; p = .023) than those with the lowest scores. We conclude that high levels of schizotypy characteristics measured in early adolescence may be associated with distinguished features of sleep architecture, namely with spindle morphology and a higher proportion of REM sleep. 相似文献
95.
96.
Background Detainees have a substantial risk to develop tuberculosis (TB) due to a higher incidence of TB in remand prison compared to
the civil community. They develop TB during incarceration not only due to poor living conditions in remand prison, but also
due to some factors affecting their life before imprisonment. Prevention measures against TB spread from penitentiary institutions
to society include study of factors, which contribute to TB development. Current study aims at identification of important
risk factors of TB development in remand prison in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Methods A retrospective matched case–control study was performed from May 2002 to May 2003 in two remand prisons in St. Petersburg.
One hundred and fourteen prisoners (57 cases, 57 controls) were interviewed by using standardised questionnaire. Logistic
regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors.
Results Six factors were significantly linked to the risk of developing TB: narcotic drug use (odds ratio (OR): 2.6, 95% confidence
interval (CI): 1.0–6.9), low income (OR: 3.2, CI: 1.2–8.6), high ratio of prisoners per available bed (OR: 4.0, CI: 1.1–15.0),
not having own bed clothes (OR: 13.0, CI: 2.7–61.6), and little time outdoors (OR: 3.3, CI: 1.3–8.5). However, good housing
before imprisonment (OR: 4.2, CI: 1.1–15.7) was a separate risk factor for TB.
Conclusions Three of the risk factors (high number of prisoners per bed, not having own bed clothes, and little time outdoors) are certainly
possible to approach by improvement of conditions in remand prisons. The remaining three factors (narcotic drug use, good
housing before imprisonment, and low income) provide knowledge about study population, but cannot be intervened by prison’s
medical staff. 相似文献
97.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze trends and disparities in obesity by education among Finnish men and women aged 65-84 years from 1993 to 2003. METHOD.: Data were derived from nationally representative monitoring surveys conducted biennially from 1993 to 2003 by the National Public Health Institute (KTL). In total, 5740 men and 5746 women were included in the study (response rate 80%). Obesity was set as body mass index (BMI) >or=30, based on self-reported measurements. Age adjusted trends were examined by education and gender. A logistic regression model was used to study educational disparities in obesity. RESULTS: Obesity trends were similar among men and women. The prevalence of obesity increased in both educational groups over the ten-year period. Throughout the period, those with lower education had higher risk of obesity, and educational disparities persisted at about the same level. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is increasing among older people. Information on continuing socioeconomic disparities in obesity is important for those targeting health promotion activities. 相似文献
98.
Möykkynen T Korpi ER Lovinger DM 《The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics》2003,306(2):546-555
Ethanol actions on alpha-amino-3-hydyroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors were studied using voltage-clamp recordings from mouse cortical and hippocampal neurons. During whole-cell recordings ethanol (EtOH) inhibited AMPA receptor-mediated currents in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations from 10 to 500 mM. The steady-state component of AMPA-activated current was more sensitive to EtOH than the peak component. To examine the effect of EtOH on a well resolved peak current component, patches were excised from cultured cortical neurons, to which AMPA and EtOH were applied using a piezoelectric solution application system. Under this condition, the peak current was not inhibited significantly by EtOH. To further study possible mechanisms of EtOH inhibition, kainate and AMPA were used to evoke currents in the absence and presence of cyclothiazide. Ethanol inhibition was stronger when receptors were activated by low than high kainate concentrations. Cyclothiazide reduced inhibition by EtOH regardless of the agonist used to activate the receptor. Finally, EtOH inhibition was reduced in a point mutated (L497Y) GluRAi receptor that lacks desensitization. These findings suggest that EtOH inhibits AMPA receptors by stabilizing the desensitized state. Our results can explain some of the variation observed in EtOH inhibition in previous studies, and support the idea that physiologically relevant concentrations of EtOH can have a strong effect on AMPA receptor function. 相似文献
99.
Jan Hinrich Br?sen Olli Lepp?nen Matias Inkala Tommi Heikura Max Levin Fabian Ahrens Juha Rutanen Hubertus Pietsch David Bergqvist Anna-Liisa Levonen Samar Basu Thomas Zeller Günter Kl?ppel Mikko O Laukkanen Seppo Yl?-Herttuala 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2007,50(23):2249-2253
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether local gene therapy with extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) could inhibit in-stent restenosis in atherosclerotic Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. BACKGROUND: Stenting causes an acute increase in superoxide anion production and oxidative stress; EC-SOD is a major component of antioxidative defense in blood vessels and has powerful cardioprotective effects in ischemic myocardium. METHODS: Endothelial denudation and stenting were done in 36 adult (15 to 18 months old) rabbits. Catheter-mediated intramural delivery of clinical good manufacturing practice-grade adenoviruses encoding rabbit EC-SOD were done simultaneously with stenting. Control animals received adenovirus-encoding nuclear-targeted beta-galactosidase (AdLacZ). Circulating markers for oxidative stress (nonesterified 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha) were measured. Analysis of 6-day, 28-day, and 90-day vessel histology, radical production, oxidation-specific epitopes, and expression studies were performed. RESULTS: The EC-SOD treatment reduced oxidant production in stented vessels compared with control vessels. Early systemic recovery of total SOD activity was observed in the treated rabbits. The EC-SOD significantly accelerated endothelial recovery (67.4% +/- 10.8% vs. 24.2.1% +/- 4.6% at 6 days, p < 0.05; 89.3% +/- 3.7% vs. 45.1% +/- 9.6% at 28 days, p < 0.05), and the beneficial effect involved increased proliferation of regenerating endothelium. The EC-SOD group showed a 61.3% lower (p < 0.05) neointimal formation at 28 days, with a similar, albeit nonsignificant trend at 90 days (1.20 +/- 0.32 mm2 vs. 1.88 +/- 0.24 mm2, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a central pathogenetic role of oxidation sensitive signaling processes in endothelial recovery and developing in-stent restenosis in atherosclerotic vessels. Local therapy against oxidative stress represents a promising therapeutic strategy in stent-induced vascular injury. 相似文献
100.