Effects of a Short-Term “Fat Adaptation with Carbohydrate Restoration” Diet on Metabolic Responses and Exercise Performance in Well-Trained Runners

Periodized carbohydrate availability can enhance exercise capacity, but the effects of short-term fat adaptation carbohydrate restoration (FACR) diets on metabolic responses and exercise performance in endurance athletes have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a FACR diet on measures of resting metabolism, exercise metabolism, and exercise performance. Well-trained male runners (n = 8) completed a FACR dietary intervention (five days’ carbohydrate < 20% and fat > 60% energy, plus one-day carbohydrate ≥ 70% energy), and a control high-carbohydrate (HCHO) diet for six days (carbohydrate > 60% energy; fat < 20% energy) in a randomized crossover design. Pre- and post-intervention metabolic measures included resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), maximum fat oxidation rate during exercise (MFO), and maximum fat oxidation intensity (FATmax). Measures of exercise performance included maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), running economy (RE), and 5 km running time trial (5 km-TT). In FACR compared with HCHO, there were significant improvements in FATmax (p = 0.006) and RE (p = 0.048). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between FACR and HCHO in RMR, RQ, VO₂max, or 5 km-TT. Findings suggest that a short-term (six days) FACR diet may facilitate increased fat oxidation and submaximal exercise economy but does not improve 5 km-TT performance.     

Seminar-CBT教学法在中职护理《内科护理学》教学中的应用与实施

目的:探讨在中职《内科护理学》教学中联合应用专题研讨课(Seminar)和案例教学法(Case-based teaching,CBT)的实施效果。方法:在中职《内科护理学》课程中实施Seminar-CBT教学法,采用自设问卷调查的形式,在课程结束后收集学生对《内科护理学》结合Seminar-CBT教学法的态度和学习效果的自我评价。结果:观察组成绩考核优于对照组(P<0.05),Seminar-CBT教学法的教学反馈各条目积极评价率均在85%以上。结论:Seminar-CBT教学法应用于中职护理《内科护理学》教学,操作性和可行性强,有利于提高学生灵活应用内科护理学知识的能力。     

LT受体拮抗剂对大鼠肺纤维化LTB_4及血F_n的影响

45只大鼠随机分为 3组 ,对照组、模型组、治疗组各 15只。治疗组气管内单次灌注博莱霉素 (5 mg)后每日以安可来 (ACL,10 mg/ kg)灌胃 ;模型组气管内灌注同治疗组 ,灌胃以生理盐水代替。 3组动物在气管内灌注后分别于第 7、14、2 8d随机处死 5只 ,取左肺下叶 1g匀浆测 L TB4,心腔血测纤维联结蛋白 (Fn)。模型组和治疗组在气管内灌注后白三烯 B4(L TB4)迅速上升 ,第 7d达高峰 ,第 2 8d模型组 L TB4仍较高 ,治疗组 L TB4明显下降 ;Fn浓度模型组在第 7d明显升高 ,治疗组及对照组较低。结论 :在鼠实验性肺间质化过程中 L TB4明显增高 ,白三烯对肺间质纤维化的发生发展起一定作用     

LT受体拮抗剂对大鼠肺纤维化LTB4及血Fn的影响

45只大鼠随机分为3组,对照组、模型组、治疗组各15只。治疗组气定内单次灌注博莱霉素（5mg)后每日以安可来（ACL,10mg/kg)灌胃;模型组气管内灌注同治疗组,灌胃以生理盐水代替。3组动物在气管内灌注后分别于第7、14、28d随机处死5只,取左肺下叶1g匀浆测LTB4,心腔血测纤维联结蛋白（Fn)。模型组和治疗组在气管内灌注后白三烯B4（LTB4）迅速上升,第7d达高峰,第28d模型组LTB4仍较高,治疗组LTB4明显下降;Fn浓度模型组在第7d明显升高,治疗组及对照组较低。结论：在鼠实验性肺间质化过程中LTB4明显增高,白三烯对肺间质纤维化的发生发展起一定作用。     

血清血管内皮生长因子测定在鼻咽癌检测中的意义

目的：探讨血清血管内皮生长因子能否作为鼻咽癌的肿瘤标志物,并作为鼻咽癌诊断与分期检测的指标。方法：对88例鼻咽癌患者和60例鼻咽颈部良性病变及73例正常人进行血清血管内皮生长因子的定量测定。结果：鼻咽癌患者与鼻咽颈部良性病变、正常人比较和鼻咽癌临床各期比较血清血管内皮生长因子含量有显著性的差异。结论：血清血管内皮生长因子含量测定可作为鼻咽癌的发现诊断和临床分期简便可靠的检测指标。     

试论毒邪致病及证候特征

毒的含义在中医学中非常广泛,而将毒邪作为一种致病因素,论述最多。自《内经》以来,对毒邪在发病中的作用有不少认识。尤其至近代温病学,关于毒邪致病已较为系统的予以阐述。现代医家在丰富的临床实践中,通过辨病与辨证相结合的治疗,深刻体会到毒邪,尤其是内生之毒,是导致内伤杂病顽恶难治的关键。因此,充分认识毒邪、了解毒邪致病特点及证候特征,有助于深入研究疑难病症的发生发展规律,并对提高疗效、改善预后具有重要意义。1　毒与毒邪1.1　毒的原义“毒”字,在许慎《说文解字》中释为“害人之草,往往而生”,引申为厚也,恶也,害也。据《辞…     

复发性口腔溃疡与血清TNF-α,TGF-β浓度关系的临床研究

目的 :研究复发性口腔溃疡与血清TNF α,TGF β浓度关系。方法 :选择复发性口腔溃疡患者 3 2例 ,采用ELISA检测其血清TNF α ,TGF β水平 ,并与正常成年人作对照。结果 :复发性口腔溃疡患者TNF α水平较正常组明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,TGF β水平与正常组相比 ,无显著统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :复发性口腔溃疡的致病过程与细胞因子TNF α有关 ,与TGF β关系不密切     

端粒酶及nm23的表达与胃腺癌预后的关系探讨

目的 :探讨端粒酶和nm2 3癌基因蛋白表达与胃癌根治术后复发及预后的关系。方法 :采用端粒酶原位分子杂交技术及免疫组化S P法分别对 4 5例原发性胃腺癌组织中端粒酶的活性及nm2 3进行检测 ,并结合内镜及随访资料进行分析。结果 :胃腺癌端粒酶阳性表达率及nm2 3低表达率在有淋巴结转移组显著高于无淋巴结转移组 ;在术后 5年内复发者中显著高于无复发者。虽然随着胃腺癌分化程度的降低及浸润深度的增加 ,端粒酶活性及nm2 3低表达呈增强趋势 ,但其差异无统计学意义。结论 :胃腺癌组织中端粒酶的活性表达及nm2 3的低表达与淋巴结转移及术后复发显著相关 ,两者的表达变化对判断胃癌术后复发及预后判断有重要临床意义     

Clinical significance and assessment of cytokines in various stages of ulcerative colitis

Summary In order to study the clinical significance and change of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 concentration in intestinal mucosal tissues in various stage of ulcerative colitis (UC), IL-1β and IL10 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Our results showed that IL-β level caused by spontaneous secretion in the intestinal mucous tissues in active stage of ulcerative colitis was significantly higher than that in normal controls and in remission stage of ulcerative colitis (P <0. 01,P<0. 001). IL-10 level in various stage of UC was relatively lower in controls, but there was no significantly difference between the two groups. Our study suggested that higher IL-1β level in active might play an important role in pathogenesis of UC, and IL-10, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was low in active UC, suggesting that it may be a important factor contributing to the development of higher IL-1β level. This project was supported by the grant of the Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Health (No. 98-2-387).     

The relationship of CyclinD1 and estrogen receptor expression in the process of proliferation and metastasis in breast neoplasm

Cylin D1 play a very importantrole in the prolifi-ration of tumor cells.The purpose of this study wasto investigate the role of Cylin D1 and estrogen recep-tor ( ER) expression in breast carcinomas and theirrelationship.1　MATERIALSAND METHODS1 .1　 Clinical DataAll the 1 46cases of breast neoplasm were fe-males with age ranging from 1 8to 65 years ( average45 .34± 1 0 .39) .The enrolled in this study were5 6cases of benign breast mass including 44cases ofbreastfibroadenoma,1 2 case…