PD-1-Expressing SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8+ T Cells Are Not Exhausted,but Functional in Patients with COVID-19

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Effects of UV-light on Bacillus sphaericus and its protection by chemicals

Although when UV-irradiated seven most toxic strains of Bacillus sphaericus lost their viabilities between 2.5-4.5 min, their larvicidal activity was protected for longer periods. Benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, methylene blue and yeast extract showed good protective effect for spore viability and larvicidal activity from UV inactivation in B. sphaericus. This protective effect has also been confirmed by SDS-PAGE analyses whereby the 42 kDa and 51 kDa toxic proteins bands did not disappear following UV treatment.     

Demokratisch und emanzipatorisch – Partizipative Gesundheitsforschung hat hohes Potenzial

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz -     

经阴道、会阴超声诊断直肠肿瘤的临床价值

目的探讨经阴道、会阴超声诊断直肠肿瘤的临床价值。方法直肠灌水后经阴道、会阴超声检查直肠肿瘤病人28例,并与正常人20例,直肠腔内超声16例对照,同时5例肿瘤作了标本超声检查。结果 28例患者中,26例检出直肠肿瘤28个,其部位在距肛门口2.5～15cm范围内,2例经阴道、会阴超声未发现肿瘤。直肠灌水后经阴道会阴超声检查可直观显示肿瘤的形态,与标本超声显示一致;其病理分期的符合率分别为80.8％。发现淋巴结肿大5例。尤其对高位直肠肿瘤或肿瘤致直肠严重狭窄的病例或Miles手术后,更具有价值。结论经阴道、会阴超声可作为直肠肿瘤检查的补充方法。     

低龄婴儿双供肾移植给成人22例报道

目的总结单中心低龄婴儿双供肾移植给成人的临床效果。方法回顾性纳入2013年7月至2017年10月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院实施的所有儿童双供肾移植给成人受者共22例临床资料和随访数据。22例供者年龄(2.9±1.7)个月,体重(4.9±1.4)kg,其中15例小于3月龄。受者多为低体重女性成人,体重(46.3±5.6)kg。总结早期移植失败及随访期间移植肾失功或受者死亡原因。根据是否发生单侧移植肾血栓,移植肾功能恢复者又进一步分为双肾存活组和单肾存活组,比较移植肾中-长期功能。结果4例受者在术后早期出现移植失败,包括双肾血栓2例、移植肾破裂切除1例和受者多器官功能衰竭死亡1例。18例受者移植肾功能恢复出院,随访期间因移植肾新生肿瘤切除双肾1例、因复杂全身原因死亡1例、因间质性肺炎死亡1例,余15例受者双肾均存活者10例(中位随访59个月),单肾存活者5例(中位随访48个月)。移植1年时双肾存活组估算肾小球滤过率为(95±27)ml/(min·1.73 m2),显著高于单肾存活组(61±24)ml/(min·1.73 m2)(P<0.05),但3年时分别为(95±21)ml/(min·1.73 m2)和(69±31)ml/(min·1.73 m2),差异缩小,差异无显著统计学意义(P=0.12)。结论低龄婴儿双供肾移植虽然可以扩大供肾来源,但发生早期移植失败和单肾栓塞的风险较高。在单肾存活的情况下,受者仍具有相对满意的中-长期移植效果。     

糖尿病多形核白细胞吞噬功能的改变

目的 研究正常人及糖尿病患者多形核白细胞（polymorphonuclear leukocytes,PMNLs)吞噬功能的改变及钙通道阻滞剂对其的影响。方法 应用过氧化氢释放法测定白细胞吞噬功能,同时研究PMNLs细胞外不同浓度糖环境及钙通道阻滞剂对细胞吞噬功能的影响。结果 糖尿病患者的PMNLs吞噬功能较正常人低下。体外培养基葡萄糖浓度增高,吞噬功能越差,硝苯啶可明显改善糖尿病患者PMNLs的吞噬功能。结论 推测葡萄糖可能是通过激活L型钙通道引起细胞内游离钙浓度升高,从而影响吞噬功能,而硝苯啶可阻断该通道,恢复吞噬功能。     

Severe malaria in African adults living in a seasonal endemic area

Objective This study investigates severe malaria in african adults living in a seasonal endemic area.Design: A prospective study of all adults admitted with severe malaria over 2 consecutive seasons: October 1990 till January 1991 and October 1991 till January 1992.Setting ICU (15 beds) of Hôpital Principal, Dakar, Sénégal.Patients 23 patients: 14 men and 9 women with a mean age of 30±3 years were included in the study; all fulfilled the 1990 WHO criteria for severe malaria.Results At admission, 12 patients were comatose (Glasgow Coma Scale<10), 7 had generalized convulsions. Parasitaemia was 135±52×10⁹/l. Biological indications of severity were as follows: hypophosphataemia <0.8 mmol/l in 14 cases, serum creatine phosphokinase >500 IU/l in 15 cases; and PaO₂<70 mmHg in 5 cases. Serum TNF levels, measured in 16 cases, were increased at 298.4±63.5 pg/ml, serum levels of IL-6 and IL-2SR were also elevated: 609.5±304.2 pg/ml and 297.6±35.6 pg/ml respectively. Circulating IgM and IgG antibodies were found in 14 out of 16 patients. Serum levels of TNF, IL-6 and IL-2SR correlated positively with each other. TNF and IL-2SR were also positively correlated to parasitaemia. Intravenous therapy with quinine at loading dose was favorable in 19 patients. Four patients died during the study, 3 from multiple organ failure.Conclusions: This work demonstrated that severe malaria in a seasonal endemic area displays original clinical features with a high rate of either cerebral malaria or multiple organ failure.     

Establishing priorities for European collaboration in communicable disease surveillance

Background: Several collaborations in communicable disease surveillancehave developed between European Union member states. Involvementin these activities takes time and money. It is vital that collaborationsare established in areas most likely to be beneficial. An exercisewas undertaken to inform national surveillance centres and theEuropean Commission as to priority areas for the developmentof collaborations. Methods: A modified Delphi exercise was undertakenamongst the heads of centres with responsibilities for surveillanceat national level in the member states of the EU. Participantsdeveloped, agreed and ranked criteria for developing collaborations.A list of communicable diseases and syndromes was then rankedusing a Likert-type scale. Three rounds were undertaken. Betweenrounds, scores and a ranking were fed back showing where participantshad ranked items, compared to the overall mean and rank distribution.For the third round participants were asked to use a categoricalscale, nominating six or ten high priority disease areas. Results:Response rates were 87.5% for round 1, 44% round 2 and 87% round3. The low round 2 response rate appeared to be because respondentsdid not wish to alter their rankings. The six high priorityareas were outbreaks of gastroenteritis/food poisoning, CID/otherslow virus infections, serious imported diseases, legionellosis,antimicrobial resistance and tuberculosis. When participantsgave ten high priority areas meningococcal disease, travel advice,vaccination/immunization and influenza were also included. Thefinal lists were accepted at the meeting of participants. Conclusions:The process was successful in developing both a priority listand consensus.