臀上动脉深上支髂骨骺移植的解剖学研究

目的 :为带血供的髂骨骺移植提供解剖学依据。方法 :在 40侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人臀部标本以及 2侧儿童标本上 ,观测臀上动脉深上支的行程、分支及滋养支 ;选用 5 0块髋骨 ,观察髂骨嵴前外侧部的滋养孔。结果 :儿童臀上动脉深上支的分支、分布与成人相似 ,位于臀中肌深面和臀小肌上缘 (相当臀前线 ) ,循髂骨嵴弓形向前 ,达髂前上嵴 ,沿途分出平均 (4 .2± 1.1)支外径 0 .5～ 1.1mm的髂嵴支 ,分布髂嵴骨膜 ,并发细小分支进入滋养孔。从髂前上棘至结节区 ,在距髂嵴缘下方 2cm范围内 ,平均有(2 2 .4± 6.7)个滋养孔。结论 :以臀上动脉深上支及其分支为蒂 ,在髂嵴前部可切取带骺骨瓣 ,以修复长管骨骨骺缺损。     

计算机辅助组织工程在组织支架仿生建模和设计中的应用

计算机辅助组织工程(CATE)可以帮助进行复杂组织支架的建模,设计和制造,使很多用于改善替代材料力学及生物学性能的新方法得以实施。CATE通过获取组织的生物学、生物力学及生物化学信息,进行界面的设计、模拟和组织的制作。本文将讲述CATE在骨组织工程支架仿生设计中的应用:介绍运用CATE进行仿生建模,解剖结构重建,组织支架设计,定量CT分析,有限元分析和支架的自由挤压沉积制作。     

CORDIC算法在B超数字扫描变换器中的应用

数字扫描变换器在B型超声诊断仪的应用，能使现代实时B型超声诊断仪实现一些新的诸如图像冻结、多帧贮存、数据测量计算和TV显示等功能。在设计B型超声诊断仪中数字扫描变化器的过程中，直角坐标到极坐标变换是一个关键的技术，本研究论述了应用在数字扫描变化器中的一种新的算法——CORDIC算法，对该算法的原理进行了简介，将CORDIC算法应用到直角——极坐标变换中，并进行了算法修正和公式计算。根据其具体的应用对该算法进行了优化，并给出了算法的硬件实现结构。最后，对算法进行了软件仿真，并给出了结果分析。     

甲状腺肿的专家诊断与咨询系统

本文通过对１７４８３例甲状腺肿大中五种甲状腺病病例的收集、分析、整理、统计与提炼，确定了诊断原则，建立了知识库、病例库和正反双向混合推理机制，完成了用Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ语言编制。采用适用于表示医学产生式知识表示方法所开发的专家诊断与咨询系统，为教学、临床工作及家庭保健提供了有价值的软件。经临床病例验证，该软件准确、可靠、有很强的实用价值，对人工智能的研究、临床及教学的现代化，提高人们的保健水     

MTT法检测极低频弱磁场对SY细胞的影响

本文采用 MTT 示踪法,检测极低频弱磁场对 SY 细胞有无影响。结果发现:频率固定为50Hz 时变化磁场幅值,在150uT、300uT 下细胞吸光度值有明显降低;幅值固定为150uT 时变化磁场频率,在25Hz、50Hz、75Hz 磁场照射下吸光度值均有不同程度下降,而在10Hz、60Hz、100Hz、300Hz、500Hz 磁场照射下没有变化;幅值固定为300uT 时变化磁场频率,在500Hz、75Hz、100Hz、300Hz、磁场照射下吸光度值均有不同程度下降,而在10Hz、25Hz、60Hz、500Hz 磁场照射下没有变化。     

模式翻转视觉诱发电位快速提取的可行性再研究

目的把模式翻转视觉诱发电位快速提取法应用于视神经病变的病人,探讨其临床应用价值。方法应用Galileo视觉诱发电位检测系统对30例正常健康人和17例视神经疾病病人分别进行全视野的PRVEP检测熏每一结果重复检测3次。所得结果应用少次提取法进行处理而得VEP波形。然后将正常对照组3次重复结果两两间分别进行配对t检验,探讨其可重性,并计算出正常值范围,最后参照正常值,分析视神经疾病组的检测结果。结果3次重复结果两两间配对t检验,得P1=0.425>0.05,P2=0.179>0.05,P3=0.110>0.05;参照本研究得出的正常值范围,对病人组的检测结果进行分析,得出这种少次提取法对视神经疾病检测的敏感度90.0%(18/20),特异度92.5%(13/14),准确度91.1%(31/34)。结论用这种少次提取法提取PRVEP,可重性好,稳定可靠。很有临床应用价值。     

Effect of ipratropium bromide on airway and pulmonary muscarinic receptors in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective　To observe the level of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues, and the effect of inhaled ipratropium bromide on these receptors in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods　This model was developed by exposure of rats to 250 ppm SO2 gas, 5?h/d, 5d/wk, for a period of 7 wk. The COPD rats inhaled 0.025% aerosolized iratropium bromide for 20 min, 2 times daily, in an airtight chamber. Muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of normal rats, ipratropium bromide-treated COPD rats and the recovering COPD rats were measured by the radio-ligand binding assay. Results　Airway/lung pathology and pulmonary function tests showed that chronic SO2 exposure caused pathophysiologic changes similar to those observed in human COPD. The density (0.038±0.011, pmol/mg protein) and affinity (Kd, 23±11 pmol/L) of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of COPD rats were not changed compared with those of normal control rats (0.030±0.008 and 29±19, respectively, P>0.05). Densities of the muscarinic receptors were not changed after inhalation of ipratropium bromide for 5 days, but increased significantly after inhalation for 30 days, as compared with those of the untreated COPD rats. The muscarinic receptors returned the normal levels at day 6 after cessation of ipratropium bromide treatment. There were no differences among different groups of rats in equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd). Conclusion　A rat model of COPD with pathophysiologic changes similar to the human counterpart was developed using chronic SO2 exposure. There was no significant change in the number and function of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of the COPD rats, but upregulation of the muscarinic receptors was observed after long-term inhalation of ipratropium bromide.     

Effects of prolactin on HLA- DR and CD40 expressions by human thyrocytes

Objective To study the effects of prolactin (PRL) on HLA- DR and CD40 expressions by human thyrocytes, and to investigate the possible mechanisms for PRL to affect the de velopment of Graves’ disease (GD). Methods Thyrocytes in secondary culture, which were from GD thyroid glands and the tissu es adjacent to the lesions of multinodular goiter and adenoma (control group), w ere treated respectively with ovine PRL (oPRL), interferon- γ (IFN- γ), interl ukin- 4 (IL- 4) and oPRL plus IFN- γ (10 U/ml) or IL- 4 (5 ng/ml) for 7 days . HLA- DR and CD40 expressions on the thyrocytes were determined by immunofluor escent staining and flow cytometry. Results oPRL (12. 5 ng/ml-1000 ng/ml) had no significant direct effect on HLA- DR or C D40 expression. It did not significantly affect the stimulation of HLA- DR exp ressions on the two groups of thyrocyte treated with IFN- γ or on GD thyrocytes treated with IL- 4. oPRL could antagonize the stimulation of CD40 expressions by IFN- γ and the inhibition by IL- 4 on both groups of thyrocytes. The antago nizing effects were related to the concentrations of PRL. IFN- γ- stimulated p ercentages of CD40［+］ thyrocytes and delta mean fluorescence intensity (dMF) in both thyrocyte sources were significantly reduced in the presence of 200 ng/ml oPRL (both GD and Control: P<0. 01 and P<0. 05, respectively; Contro l: P<0. 05) and 1000 ng/ml oPRL (GD: P<0. 01; Control: P<0. 05). oPRL caused significant increasing in IL- 4- inhibited percentages of CD40［+］ ce lls from the two groups of thyrocytes at 12. 5 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml and dMF fr om GD thyrocytes at 1000 ng/ml (P<0. 05). Conclusions PRL can exert indirect effects on CD40 expressions on thyrocytes by antagonizing the modulatory actions of IFN- γ and IL- 4 with dose- related effects. This m ay be one important mechanism for PRL to affect the development of GD.     

膝骨关节病的关节镜诊断治疗

目的 通过对79例84膝骨关节病的关节镜诊断治疗回顾性总结,探讨高效率、创伤小、疗效佳的方法。方法 采用关节镜微创技术,结合术前检查对膝骨关节病分为：软骨破坏型,滑膜类型,游离体型及半月板型,依此施行有针对性,局限化手术治疗。结果 69膝得到6mo-3a的随访,按膝关节综合评分表评分,优20％,良59％,可和差21％。结论 该方法具有创伤小、康复快、并发症少等优点,在病损严重的病例,全膝置换或截骨术是进一步提高总体疗效的适宜选择。     

反复下体负压暴露对心脏泵血功能的影响

目的　探讨反复下体负压暴露对心脏泵血功能的影响及其与下体负压耐力的关系 .方法　 2 7名男性健康被试者随机分成 3组 ,分别进行 - 5 .33 k Pa 8min(A组 )、- 6 .6 7k Pa4min(B组 )、- 6 .6 7k Pa8m in(C组 )的下体负压锻炼 ,1次· d- 1 ,连续 8d,记录心率及血压 .锻炼前、后测量平卧位心脏泵血功能 .结果　 A组锻炼前后心脏功能各项指标无显著变化 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,B组锻炼后左室射血期 (L VET)、每搏输出量 (SV)、心输出量 (CO)、心指数 (CI)、血管顺应性 (C)分别为 :(2 97± 14) ms,(113± 37) m L,(7.3± 2 .3) L· min- 1 ,(4.2± 1.4) L·min- 1·m- 2 ,(2 .7± 1.0 ) m L·Pa- 1 ,较锻炼前显著增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) .而总外周阻力 (TPR)为 (7.6± 2 .9)L· Pa- 1·cm- 5,较锻炼前显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) .C组锻炼后较锻炼前上述指标变化趋势与 B组相同 ,但未达显著水平 .结论　 - 6 .6 7k Pa反复下体负压暴露可改善心脏泵血功能 ,其可能通过相对提高心水平动脉血压而提高下体负压耐力