Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the ovary: Analysis of three cases

The first three cases of myxoid leiomyosarcoma occurring in the ovary are reported. Two cases in stage III were found in postmenopausal patients and a further case was found in stage I in a 32-year-old. All masses were large and gelatinous with cystic change, necrosis, and hemorrhage, but both uteri and ligaments and contralateral adnexa appeared normal. Microscopically, the tumors showed a predominantly reticular meshwork of elongated cells surrounded by abundant basophilic material. While electron microscopy proved inconclusive due to nondifferentiation, the use of monoclonal antibodies against smooth muscle actin demonstrated a smooth muscle type of differentiation. The differential diagnosis of this rare ovarian condition includes other myxoid ovarian lesions, such as ovarian edema, myxoma, endodermal sinus tumors, and the sarcomatous component of malignant mixed müllerian tumor and carcinosarcoma, as well as lymphovascular tumors. Since mitotic count due to decreased cellular density is unusually low in myxoid leiomyosarcoma, capsular rupture and clinical stage seem to be more reliable prognostic markers. The highly aggressive behavior of myxoid leiomyosarcoma parallels that of typical ovarian leiomyosarcoma. Two of the three patients in this series died of tumor at 13 and 24 months after diagnosis; the other patient is free of disease at 3 years after diagnosis.     

Whole-arm reciprocal translocation (WART) between Robertsonian chromosomes: finding of a Robertsonian heterozygous mouse with karyotype derived through WARTs

The karyotype of a mouse trapped in a hybrid zone between a Robertsonian (Rb) population (2n=22) and a population with the standard karyotype (2n=40-all-telocentrics) shows two Rb chromosomes with new arm compositions. We suggest that whole-arm reciprocal translocations between Rb chromosomes gave rise to the new chromosome constitution and that such events can greatly help in understanding house mouse karyotype diversification and chromosomal speciation.     

Listening to patients' needs to improve their subjective quality of life

BACKGROUND: Subjective quality of life has gained a crucial role as a global measure of outcome in mental health care. This study aimed to investigate the impact of meeting needs for care, as assessed by both patients and mental health professionals, to improve the subjective quality of life in a sample of patients receiving community-based psychiatric care. METHOD: The study was conducted using a 4-year prospective longitudinal design. A cohort of patients from the South-Verona Community-based Mental Health Service (CMHS) was assessed at baseline and follow-up using, among other social and clinical measures, the Camberwell Assessment of Need (both staff and patient versions) and the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. Predictors of changes of subjective quality of life were explored using block-stratified multiple regression procedures. RESULTS: Improvement in patients' clinical conditions as well as the reduction in patient-rated unmet needs in the social domain predicted an increase in subjective quality of life over 4 years; changes in staff-rated needs did not show any association with changes in subjective quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Meeting self-perceived social needs, beyond symptoms reduction, seems to be of particular importance for ensuring a better quality of life for people with mental disorders. If the main goal of mental health care is to improve the quality of life of users, a policy of actively addressing patient-rated needs should be implemented.     

Nitrosative stress in the bronchial mucosa of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND: Reactive nitrogen species, formed via the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide anion and via (myelo)peroxidase-dependent oxidation of NO(2)(-), have potent proinflammatory and oxidizing actions. Reactive nitrogen species formation and nitrosative stress are potentially involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of markers of nitrosative stress, including nitrotyrosine (NT), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and xanthine oxidase (XO) in bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with mild to severe stable COPD compared with control groups (smokers with normal lung function and nonsmokers). METHODS: The expression of NT, iNOS, eNOS, MPO and XO in the bronchial mucosa and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients was measured by using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA and correlated with the inflammatory cell profile. RESULTS: Patients with severe COPD in stable phase had higher numbers of NT(+) and MPO(+) cells in their bronchial submucosa compared with mild/moderate COPD, smokers with normal lung function, and nonsmokers (P < .01). iNOS(+) and eNOS(+) but not XO(+) cells were significantly increased in smokers with COPD or normal lung function compared with nonsmokers (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). In patients with COPD, the number of MPO(+) cells was significantly correlated with the number of neutrophils (r = +0.61; P < .0025) in the bronchial submucosa. Furthermore, the number of NT(+) and MPO(+) cells was negatively correlated with postbronchodilator FEV(1). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that nitrosative stress, mainly mediated by MPO and neutrophilic inflammation, may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COPD.     

Favorably tipping the balance between cytopathic and regulatory T cells to create transplantation tolerance

Therapeutic application of broadly reactive anti-T cell antibodies can lead not only to potent immunosuppression but also to profound and long-lived T cell depletion. We reasoned that a strategy that almost exclusively targets activated cytopathic donor reactive T cells and spares immunoregulatory networks might prove to be an exceptionally potent and highly selective means of producing long-term engraftment and tolerance. Herein we show that the combined administration of rapamycin and agonist IL-2- and antagonist IL-15-related cytolytic fusion proteins provides for long-term engraftment/tolerance in exceptionally stringent allotransplant models by (1) limiting the early expansion of activated T cells, (2) preserving and even exaggerating their subsequent apoptotic clearance, and (3) further amplifying the depletion of these activated T cells by antibody-dependent mechanisms, while (4) preserving CD4+CD25+ T cell-dependent immunoregulatory networks.     

Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy in the same patient

We report on the first patient identified with myotonic dystrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The family of the propositus had a strong history of myotonic dystrophy, and there was an intrafamilial pathological expansion of the responsible CTG repeat between the mildly affected mother (160 repeats; normal 27 repeats) and her more severely affected son (650 repeats), and his sister (650 repeats). The propositus was an isolated case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with marked dystrophin deficiency in muscle biopsy. The patient was still ambulatory post age 16. Myotonic dystrophy could interfere to some extent with the progression of Duchenne dystrophy. However, other interpretations are possible. Twelve percent of dystrophin revertant fibers as observed by immunohistochemistry could be sufficient to ameliorate typical DMD clinical severity, or the patient may present a somatic mosaic. The pathophysiological interactions of these two unlinked disorders are discussed at the clinical and histopathological levels. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Lack of association between angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease

Epidemiological and pathogenetic evidences suggest a strong association between vascular risk factors and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). In agreement with the vascular hypothesis of AD, the role of various candidate genes for atherosclerosis has been investigated, leading to conflicting results. In order to clarify the significance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in a group of patients with sAD, we conducted a case-control study including 149 cases and 149 age and sex matched controls. All subjects were genotyped for ACE and Apolipoprotein E (APOE). There were no significant differences in ACE genotype or allele frequencies between cases and controls, even after stratification for APOE4 carrier status. Our data suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism is not associated to genetic susceptibility in sAD patients.     

Circulating stem cell factor in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.

BACKGROUND: The nature of histamine-releasing factors involved in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is still controversial, since functional IgG autoantibodies specific for the high-affinity IgE receptor, Fc(epsilon)RI, can be detected in only 20% of patients showing a strong skin reactivity on the autologous serum skin test. The absence of systemic eosinophilia in CIU patients, along with the increase in mast cells in skin biopsy specimens, suggests a possible role for stem cell factor (SCF), the only cytokine/growth factor known to induce mediator release from human mast cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of SCF as a histamine-releasing factor in patients with CIU. METHODS: The SCF levels were measured in serum samples from 65 patients with CIU who scored strongly positive on the autologous serum skin test; of these patients, 32 had negative results and 33 had positive results on in vitro histamine release assay by a quantitative commercial sandwich immunoassay technique. Serum samples from 40 healthy subjects were used as controls. RESULTS: Serum SCF levels in all 65 CIU patients did not differ from those found in healthy controls. No difference in SCF levels was found between patients with positive and negative results on histamine release assay. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in serum SCF levels does not play a pathogenic role in CIU.