心理咨询与治疗伦理调查及与美国相关调查的比较

目的了解我国当前心理咨询与心理治疗从业者的伦理意识现状,为加强职业伦理教育以及制定我国的心理咨询与治疗伦理规范提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法,以译自美国的Gibson和Pope的全国性伦理调查所用问卷为主体,面向心理咨询与治疗从业人员进行调查。对调查结果进行统计分析并与美国的情况进行比较。结果我国的被调查者职业伦理意识总体较强,但在知情同意方面需加强培训。在某些条目上有着明显的文化差异。在性别与年龄上均有一些存在显著差异的条目。结论从调查情况看专业培训是增强职业伦理意识的重要途径。     

Cloning and spatial and temporal expression of the zebrafish dopamine D1 receptor.

Dopamine plays important roles in the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) development and functions. In vertebrates, two families of dopamine receptors, collectively known as dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, have been identified. Recently, dopamine receptors have been targeted by pharmacological and therapeutic studies of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Here, we report a study on the molecular characterization of dopamine D1 receptor in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We cloned the full-length cDNA of a zebrafish dopamine D1 receptor, designated as drd1. The sequence of drd1 shares high homology to the sequences of dopamine D1 receptors in mammalian, amphibian, and other fish species. drd1 is expressed in the CNS. The first drd1 expression was observed at approximately 30 hours postfertilization, at which time the expression was seen in the developing diencephalon and hindbrain. In developing retinas, the expression of drd1 was detected in the inner nuclear layer with the exception of the marginal zones. In adult retinas, drd1 expression was detected in most cell types in the inner and outer nuclear layers as well as ganglion cell layer. Differential expression of drd1 in developing and adult retinas may play various roles in regulating visual system functions.     

低营养及低氧状态下NIH3T3细胞增殖及细胞周期的变化及对bFGF的影响

目的： 体外模拟慢性创面缺氧、低营养环境，观察成纤维细胞在该状态下增殖及细胞周期的变化及对外源性生长因子（bFGF）的反应,探讨低氧、低营养条件下成纤维细胞的病理生理变化。方法: 单纯缺氧环境采用厌氧培养箱，通入混合气，氧分压（PO₂）分为27 mmHg和44 mmHg 2个水平；低营养环境则控制培养液新生牛血清（NCS）浓度。用MTT法检测细胞活性以及其对外源性生长因子的反应，用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果: PO₂ 44 mmHg时细胞增殖速度较同期对照组无明显差异；PO₂ 27 mmHg时，细胞增殖速度较同期对照组明显减慢（P<0.01），细胞被阻滞于G₀期，S期细胞比例明显减少，bFGF未显示促增殖作用。NCS浓度为0.5%的低营养状态下细胞增殖速度较同期对照组明显减慢（P<0.01），细胞被阻滞于G₀-G₁期（P<0.01）；bFGF能明显改善低营养状态下的增殖减慢（P<0.01），使G₂-M期细胞比例增加（P<0.05）。结论: 27 mmHg PO₂或NCS浓度为0.5%的低营养环境使细胞阻滞于G₀-G₁期，影响成纤维细胞增殖；bFGF可以改善低营养条件下细胞增殖减慢的状态，但对极度缺氧条件下的成纤维细胞增殖障碍无明显作用。     

早老素1基因在转染CHO细胞中的表达及其与γ-分泌酶的关系

目的 研究早老素1(PS1)在淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)加工生成β-淀粉样多肽(Ap)过程中的作用及其与γ-分泌酶的关系。方法构建APP和PSI双基因稳定转染的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞株,应用免疫沉淀和印迹、脉冲追踪及ELISA方法,检测PS1的表达和代谢半衰期,分析对Aβ分泌的影响及与γ-分泌酶功能的关系。结果PS1转染的CHO细胞(APP-PSI)表达的主要是相对分子质量为45000的全长PS1蛋白,其半衰期短于1h,而其活性片段的N-末端片段和C-末端片段则相对稳定,半衰期接近16h。突变型PS1(M146L)转染细胞分泌的Ap总量与野生型PS1转染细胞没有明显差别,但分泌的Aβ亚型Ap142是未转染PS1或野生型PS1转染细胞分泌的将近2倍。结论 PS1参与了APP加工生成Aβ的过程,突变型PS1(M16L)导致Aβ142的分泌增加,提示PS1可能就是预期的γ-分泌酶。     

Role of the heat shock protein 90 in immune response stimulation by bacterial DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides

To elucidate the mechanisms of immunostimulation by bacterial DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides, the effects of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors on the activation of murine spleen cells and macrophages by these molecules were investigated. Murine spleen cells and J774 and RAW264.7 macrophages responded to a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) and Escherichia coli DNA by increased production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide (NO). Pretreatment with any of the three Hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin, radicicol, and herbimycin A resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of cytokine production from the spleen cells and macrophages and of NO from macrophages stimulated with CpG ODN or E. coli DNA. These Hsp90 inhibitors, however, had no effect on Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain 1-induced IL-12 production from either the murine spleen cells or macrophages. CpG ODN and E. coli DNA induced increased intracellular levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and -2), which are members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, while geldanamycin and radicicol blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1 and -2 in J774 and RAW264.7 cells. These data indicate that DNA-induced activation of murine spleen cells and macrophages is mediated by Hsp90 and that Hsp90 inhibitor suppression of DNA-induced macrophage activation is associated with disruption of the MAP kinase signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors may provide a useful means of elucidating the mechanisms of immunostimulation by bacterial DNA and CpG ODN as well as a strategy for preventing adverse effects of bacterial DNA as well as lipopolysaccharide.     

HOPFIELD网络的联想记忆性质

本文首先给出了有关联想记忆的一系列概念，通过计算机模拟验证了网络的某些固有性质，同时指出了它的固有问题，并仿真研究了Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ网络中参数间的关系。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2在盐型高血压大鼠心脏中的表达及不同种类降压药物的影响

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2/基质金属蛋白酶-2特异性组织抑制因子(MMP-2/TI MP-2)在脱氧皮质酮(DOCA)-盐型高血压大鼠(DHR)心脏微小血管重塑中的作用及其可能的调节机制。方法30只雄性SD大鼠,等分和制作为对照组、模型组、波生坦组、氨氯地平组和雷米普利组。5周末处死动物,检测心脏微小血管密度和MMP-2/TI MP-2蛋白与基因的表达。结果在DHR左心室心内膜下心肌中存在微小动脉密度增加和毛细血管密度减少,MMP-2的mRNA和MMP-2/TI MP-2的蛋白表达上调;波生坦和氨氯地平能明显减轻微小血管损害,下调MMP-2/TI MP-2的mRNA和蛋白表达;雷米普利不能减轻微小血管损害,也不影响MMP-2/TI MP-2的mRNA和蛋白表达;MMP-2的表达同微小血管密度间具有良好的相关性。结论在DHR心脏中存在微小血管病变,MMP-2/TI MP-2表达可能参与微小血管病变的病理机制,内皮素-1和血压可能是通过调节MMP-2/TI MP-2表达参与微小血管病变。     

鄂伦春族Y染色体短串联重复序列多态性研究

目的 调查鄂伦春族Y染色体上10个短串联重复序列基因座及单倍型的遗传多态性。方法 应用PCR和变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染显色分型技术，检测102名无关系鄂伦春族男性血样。结果 在DYS392、DYS438、DYS439、DYS456、DYS459、DYS460、DYS461、DYS462、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS389Ⅱ等10个基因座中共检出44个等位基因，等位基因频率分布在0．418（DYS461）至0．727（DYS389Ⅰ）之间，除了DYS461（0．418）和DYS462（0．479）以外，其余等位基因频率均大于0．5。由10个基因座组成的Y染色体单倍型系统单倍型有101种，单倍型频率0．99。结论 上述10个Y-短串联重复基因座在鄂伦春族群体中具有较好的多态性，单倍型具有很高的遗传多态性。     

中国狂犬病毒疫苗株（5aG）糖蛋白基因在痘苗病毒中的表达及免疫效果观察

将克隆到的中国狂犬病毒疫苗株（５ａＧ）的糖蛋白基因重组到痘苗病毒ＴＫ区，并在痘苗病毒Ｐ１１启动子的控制下，构建了狂犬－痘苗重组病毒（ＶＶａＧ）。经间接免疫荧光和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ免疫印染证明，重组病毒ＶＶａＧ能良好地表达狂犬病毒糖蛋白，其分子量约为６６００。用ＶＶａＧ免疫小鼠，７ｄ便可诱生较高的狂犬病毒中和抗体，２１ｄ达４１６９，并能１００％保护狂犬病毒本毒株和国际标准攻击毒（ＣＶＳ）的致死量攻击。     

Effect of hindlimb unloading on resting intracellular calcium in intrafusal fibers and ramp-and-hold stretches evoked responsiveness of soleus muscle spindles in conscious rats

The present study was to investigate and evaluate the dynamic changes of calcium homeostasis of soleus muscle spindle for the exploration of the potential mechanisms of muscle spindle degeneration induced by hindlimb unloading. We systematically observed the changes in immunoreactivity of calbindin D28K (CaBP-D28K), intracellular resting calcium in intrafusal fibers of soleus muscle spindle, and the responsiveness of muscle spindles to ramp-and-hold stretches after short- and long-term (3, 7, 14 d) hindlimb unloading. The immunoreactivity of CaBP-D28K started to decrease after 7-d hindlimb unloading, while its decrease was obviously different compared with the control group 14 d following the hindlimb unloading. The resting calcium concentration was increased significantly at 3 d, and reached the peak level 14 d after the hindlimb unloading. The responsiveness of muscle spindles, assessed by investigating Index3-L₂, Index3-L₃, and Index5, to ramp-and-hold stretches started to decrease during the period of 7-d hindlimb unloading. All Indexs, in particular Index3-L₃ and Index5, were significantly decreased at 14 d after the hindlimb unloading. The data suggest the disturbance of calcium homeostasis in intrafusal fibers during the exposure to hindlimb unloading might gradually influence the structure and function of muscle spindles.