国产流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗安全性及免疫效果观察

目的 评价国产流行性感冒(简称流感)病毒裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫效果.方法 选择6岁～、16岁～和>60岁3个年龄段人群共606名,每个年龄段人群按数字表法随机分入试验组(共213名)、对照组1(共195名)和对照组2(共198名),分别接种国产流感疫苗和2种进口流感疫苗,比较三组人群接种后副反应发牛率、抗体阳转率、保护率及几何平均滴度(GMT)增长倍数的差异.率的比较采用X2检验,几何平均滴度(GMT)增长倍数采用方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 试验组、对照组1、对照组2副反应发生率分别为3.76%(8/213)、4.10%(8/195)和3.54%(7/198),差异无统计学意义(X2=0.87,P=0.93).3个组H1N1、H3N2和B(亚)型血凝抑制(H1)抗体总阳转率分别为89.2%(190/213)、63.4%(135/213)、86.4%(184/213),88.7%(173/195)、61.5%(120/195)、87.2%(170/195),87.9%(174/198)、61.6%(122/198)、84.8%(168/198),各(亚)型抗体总阳转率差异无统计学意义(X2H1N1=0.94,PH1N1=0.63;X2H1N2=0.94,PH3N2=0.63;X2B=0.75,PB=0.69);3个组H1N1、H3N2及B型H1抗体平均增长倍数分别为10.7、7.3、8.4倍,10.5、6.3、8.3倍,10.2、7.1、8.8倍,各(亚)型H1抗体GMT增长倍数差异无统计学意义(FH1N1=0.35,PH1N1=0.70;FH3N2=2.22,PH3N2=0.11;FB=1.51,PB=0.35);3个组H1N1、H3N2及B型H1抗体保护率分别为100%(213/213)、70.0%(149/213)、95.3%(203/213),100%(195/195)、66.7%(130/195)、97.9%(191/195),99.5%(197/198)、66.2%(131/198)、96.5%(191/198),各(亚)型抗体保护率差异无统计学意义(X2H1N1=2.04,PH1N1=0.36;X2H3N2=0.74,PH3N2=0.69;X2B=0.42,PB=0.82).结论 国产裂解流感疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫效果,可用于群体性接种.     

原位杂交法检测卵巢上皮癌中诱导型一氧化氮合酶mRNA

目的 :研究卵巢上皮性癌诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)的转录水平。方法 :原位杂交法检测 71例卵巢上皮性癌 ,13例卵巢良性肿瘤及 11例正常卵巢组织中iNOSmRNA表达水平。结果 :卵巢上皮性癌中iNOSmRNA高于正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性肿瘤 ,P<0 .0 5。但卵巢上皮性癌Ⅲ ,Ⅳ期与Ⅰ ,Ⅱ期比较无显著差异 ,P>0 .0 5。分化程度比较 ,中、低分化组明显高于高分化组 ,但中、低分化组织间差异无显著性。结论 :诱导型一氧化氮合酶转录水平的升高 ,是引起诱导型一氧化氮合酶水平升高的主要原因 ,在卵巢上皮性癌发生、发展中发挥一定作用     

纤维胆道镜370例取石体会

目的 进一步提高纤维胆道镜结石取净率，从而提高胆道结石治愈率。方法 总结10年370例纤维胆道镜取石体会，归纳出“网、拉、冲、扩、咬、推”六种操作技巧。结果 对370例胆道结石术后残留结石病人共取石537例次，完全取净率达89．5％，基本取净率8．4％，取石失败2．1％。结论 纤维胆道镜正确灵活的操作方法可避免取石过程中不必要的损伤，缩短操作时间，避免遗漏结石并能取出困难部位的结石。     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ对软骨细胞凋亡的抑制

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)对软骨细胞增殖及白细胞介素-1(IL-1)诱导软骨细胞凋亡的影响,揭示其抗损伤作用机制,为关节软骨损伤治疗提供理论依据。方法:分离培养人胚胎关节软骨细胞,采用四氮甲基唑蓝(MTT)法测定不同含量软骨细胞增殖活性的变化,利用光镜、电镜、DNA电泳及流式细胞仪测定作为凋亡检测指标。结果:IGF-Ⅰ呈剂量依赖式促软骨细胞增殖,当IGF-Ⅰ含量达50μg/L时,促软骨细胞增殖作用达最大值。IL-1组光镜、电镜下可见典型的细胞凋亡形态学改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳示特征性的DNA梯状条带,IGF-Ⅰ处理组未见明显凋亡征象。流式细胞仪检测发现,IGF-Ⅰ处理后软骨细胞凋亡率显著降低。结论:IGF-Ⅰ能促进软骨细胞增殖,对IL-1诱导的软骨细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

局部麻醉下的膝关节镜术

[目的]探讨采用局部麻醉行膝关节镜术的方法和效果。[方法]2000～2005年采用局部麻醉的方法行膝关节镜术978例。术前关节腔内注入0．5％利多卡因50～60ml，同时对关节镜入路的皮肤、皮下及关节囊进行逐层浸润麻醉。保留10—15min后连接灌注管道，关节腔内灌注生理盐水（内含。肾上腺素1mg／3000ml），使关节腔充盈扩张。[结果]止痛效果满意，所有病人无明显疼痛或可以忍受，手术均顺利完成，术中视野清晰，无不良反应发生。[结论]绝大多数的膝关节镜手术均可以在局部麻醉下完成，且安全有效，手术费用较低，特别适用于门诊的关节镜手术。因此，作者建议局部麻醉可以作为大多数膝关节镜手术的标准麻醉方法。     

Restoration of disturbed respiration in cats by thyrotrophin releasing hormone

Department of Physiology of Man and Animals, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow University. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR I. P. Ashmarin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 106, No. 7, pp. 17–19, July, 1988.     

对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌的检测和耐药性分析

目的 :了解临床病人标本中产超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)细菌的检出率及耐药情况 ,以指导临床合理使用抗生素。方法 :用NCCLS规定的表型确证试验进行ESBLs的检测。结果 :ESBLs的总阳性率为 19.9% ,大肠埃希菌为 18. 1% ,肺炎克雷伯菌为 2 2 . 7%。产ESBLs菌对 8种抗生素的耐药率与不产ESBLs菌相比有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对 3种抗生素 (亚胺培南、头孢哌酮 /舒巴坦、哌拉西林 /他唑巴坦 )的耐药率与不产ESBLs菌相比无显著差异。结论 :临床实验室应加强对ESBLs的检测 ,治疗产ESBLs菌引起的感染 ,应选用头霉素、碳青霉烯类及含酶抑制剂的复合抗生素。     

Trehalose protects against ocular surface disorders in experimental murine dry eye through suppression of apoptosis

The disaccharide trehalose is a key element involved in anhydrobiosis (the capability of surviving almost complete dehydration) in many organisms. Its presence also confers resistance to desiccation and high osmolarity in bacterial and human cells by protecting proteins and membranes from denaturation. The present study used a novel murine dry eye model induced by controlled low-humidity air velocity to determine whether topically applied trehalose could heal ocular surface epithelial disorders caused by ocular surface desiccation. In addition, the efficacy of 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops was compared with that of 20% serum, the efficacy of which has been well documented. Mice ocular surface epithelial disorders were induced by exposure of murine eyes to continuous controlled low-humidity air velocity in an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES) for 21 days, which accelerated the tear evaporation. The mice were then randomized into three groups: the control group received PBS (0.01M) treatment; a second group received 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops treatment; and the third group received mice serum eyedrops treatment. Each treatment was administered as a 10 μl dose every 6 h for 14 days. The resultant changes in corneal barrier function and histopathologic examination of cornea and conjunctiva were analyzed and the level of apoptosis on the ocular surface was assessed using active caspase-3. After 14 days of treatment, the corneal fluorescein staining area, the ruffling and desquamating cells on the apical corneal epithelium, as well as the apoptotic cells on ocular surface epithelium had significantly reduced in eyes treated with trehalose compared with those treated with serum and PBS. In contrast, after 14 days of treatment, improvements in the thickness of the corneal epithelium, the squamous metaplasia in conjunctival epithelium and the number of goblet cells of the conjunctiva were less marked in eyes treated with trehalose compared with serum. These results demonstrated that trehalose could improve the appearance of ocular surface epithelial disorders due to desiccation through suppression of apoptosis. Trehalose produces some of the same responses as serum upon topical application and can maintain corneal health.     

99Tcm-MIBI动力学变化与大鼠缺血-再灌注心肌存活的相关性研究

目的探讨用99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)动力学变化评价心肌存活的价值.方法15只离体Krebs-Henseleit(KH)液灌注的鼠心脏,随机分成3组对照组(5只),有葡萄糖的缺血-再灌注组(IR+G组,5只),无葡萄糖的缺血-再灌注组(IR-G组,5只).用含99Tcm-MIBI(14.8MBq)的KH液灌注,观察40min的摄取和清除.用肌酸激酶(CK)分析、氯化三苯四唑(TTC)染色和透射电镜(TEM)分析研究心肌损伤程度,用放射自显影(ARG)观察99Tcm-MIBI在心肌内的分布.结果99Tcm-MIBI的摄取[每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID/g)]在IR+G组为(7.09±0.97)%ID/g,IR-G组为(6.64±0.68)%ID/g,对照组为(11.44±1.79)%ID/g,IR-G组与IR+G组相比摄取量差异无显著性(P＞0.05),IR-G组和IR+G组与对照组相比均显著降低(P＜0.05).IR-G组99m-MIBI清除分数为(72.75±9.89)%,远高于对照组[(20.68±1.92)%]和IR+G组[(21.03±3.68)%,P均＜0.05],对照组与IR+G组的差异无显著性.99Tcm-MIBI的40min清除末滞留率在IR-G组[(1.82±0.73)%ID/g]和IR+G组[(5.61±0.89)%ID/g]远小于对照组[(9.09±1.57)%ID/g,P＜0.05],IR-G组也远小于IR+G组(P＜0.001).CK分析、TFC染色和TEM分析证明IR-G组比IR+G组有更多的心肌损伤.通过TTC染色(r=0.84,P＜0.05)和CK分析(r=-0.97,P＜0.05)确定最终99Tcm-MIBI的活度与存活心肌量高度相关,通过ARG证实99Tcm-MIBI分布于鼠心肌细胞及间质内(光镜下).结论99Tcm-MIBI的清除对代谢状态敏感,可用于评价进行性心肌损伤.