嗜酸粒细胞黏蛋白性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床特征

目的研究嗜酸粒细胞黏蛋白性鼻一鼻窦炎（EMRS）的临床特征。方法回顾性分析EMRS患者的临床特征,包括性别、年龄、症状、实验室检查、影像学表现、病理结果、治疗及预后。结果12例EMRS,~,者男性7例、女性5例;年龄9～54岁;单N7例、双侧5例;均具有慢性鼻鼻窦炎伴息肉的表现。8N变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性,6N血清总IgE升高,8N外周血嗜酸粒细胞升高。鼻窦CT多表现为受累鼻窦腔内中间呈斑片状或云雾状高密度影。鼻窦分泌物病理切片可见大量嗜酸细胞,真菌染色及真菌培养均为阴性。所有患者均行鼻内镜手术,术后口服及鼻用糖皮质激素治疗。随访1年后有3例复发。结论EMRS是一种特殊类型的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎,诊断需依靠术后的病理检查,鼻内镜手术及激素治疗是主要治疗手段。     

半侧空间忽略症状与基底核区脑卒中患者肢体功能恢复的关系

目的:观察有和无半侧中间忽略症状基底核脑卒中的患者日常生活活动能力差异。方法:①选择2002-11/2003-11吉林大学第一医院康复科住院基底核区脑卒中患者25例。均符合第四届全国脑血管病学术会议修订的急性脑梗死诊断标准,并经CT或MRI证实;均对观察目的知情同意。设有半侧空间忽略症状患者12例为阳性组,其中男4例,女8例;平均年龄(62±8)岁;全部为右基底核区脑卒中。无半侧空间忽略症状患者13例为阴性组,其中男10例,女3例;平均年龄(66±8)岁;左侧基底核区脑卒中为5例,右侧基底核区脑卒中为8例。②于患者入院、出院时采用Barthel指数分级法对日常生活活动能力进行评分,每周进行1次。该分级法有10项内容,分3级:<40分为差,依赖较明显或完全依赖;41～60分为中,有功能障碍,稍依赖;总分>60分为良。整个治疗过程中给予患者全面的康复功能训练,包括物理疗法、作业疗法和语言训练。同时对症治疗。结果:基底核区脑卒中患者25例均进入结果分析。入、出院时阳性组Barthel指数均明显低于阴性组[阳性组:(22.50±13.46),(62.83±14.72)分;阴性组:(37.62±11.98),(79.69±10.59)分,P<0.01]。出院时Barthel指数提高度差异不明显[阳性组:(40.33±19.20)分;阴性组:(42.08±11.11)分,P>0.05]。阳性组住院时间明显长于阴性组[(79.83±67.99),(34.15±18.80)d,P<0.01]。结论:①基底核脑卒中出现半侧空间忽略症状的患者日常生活活动能力差。②伴有和不伴有半侧空间忽略症状基底核脑卒中患者经过治疗日常生活活动能力改善程度相近。     

Hearing restoration after resection of an intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma: a role for emergency surgery? Case report and review of the literature

Patients with vestibular schwannomas (VSs) most commonly present with sensorineural hearing loss, which is often insidious or gradual. Up to 26% of patients may present with sudden hearing loss, however, which poses an important surgical challenge. Sudden hearing loss has been attributed to spasm or occlusion of the labyrinthine artery resulting from tumor compression, and it is usually treated with corticosteroids. Hearing preservation surgery is not usually attempted in patients who have poor or nonserviceable hearing preoperatively. The authors describe a 68-year-old man with complete deafness of the left ear since childhood, who developed sudden, profound sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small right-sided intracanalicular tumor. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids produced only minimal improvement in hearing. Subsequent emergency decompression and resection of a VS resulted in rapid improvement and restoration of hearing, with facial nerve preservation. Although most neurotologic lesions in patients with hearing in only one ear are managed nonsurgically, resection of small tumors in the setting of sudden hearing loss should be considered in selected cases. This finding indicates that a therapeutic window may exist during which sudden hearing loss caused by intracanalicular tumors is reversible.     

肝移植术围术期麻醉管理若干问题与对策

肝移植围术期可发生多系统复杂的病理生理变化,而麻醉质量的高低将直接影响肝移植术的效果和成败. 肝移植术麻醉管理的重点应予充分的术前准备,熟悉各项监测的临床意义,正确处理术中多系统功能紊乱,维持各重要脏器功能接近生理状态,并预防和治疗各种可能的并发症.     

游离足趾移植术中Ⅱ趾血供系统的特点

目的：游离足趾移植是拇指Ⅱ类以上缺损再造术的首选。分析与Ⅱ趾移植相关的足部供血系统的血管走行、分支情况及变异程度，并提出临床应用中为保证手术成功而采取的相应对策。方法：对1978—03/2007—06天津医院手、显微外科收治的91例Ⅱ趾移植再造拇（手）指患者进行回顾性分析，所有病例均为ⅡB-ⅢB类型拇指缺损，均为择期手术，对治疗方案知情同意。术中遇第一跖背动脉纤细型，采取足背动脉-足底深支-第一跖底动脉的第2套供血系统。当第一跖背动脉走行不定而误伤时，手术继续进行，完整切取Ⅱ趾后，进行第一跖背动脉吻合修复。注意第一跖背动脉至足趾的分支解剖特点，辨清与Ⅱ趾的关系，采取不同的手术对策。结果：91例拇指缺损患者获得了97．8％的成活率及优良的外形与功能恢复，移植术中Ⅱ趾的使用率是100％。Ⅱ趾的血供系统特点：①由足背动脉发出的第二跖背动脉很少见，足背动脉的弓状动脉分支也很少见。②第一跖背动脉起始、走行、口径虽不恒定，但是有章可循。③第一跖背动脉终末交通支及至Ⅱ趾的分支情况分为3型，各型对Ⅱ趾的血供也有其不同特点。结论：全面掌握与Ⅱ趾移植相关的足部供血系统的解剖特点，术中仔细游离并采取相应的处理方法，是保证手术成功的关键。     

B-Twin可膨胀式融合器系统腰椎融合术

目的:介绍B-Twin可膨胀式融合器系统及相关B-Twin椎间融合术的开展情况。方法:应用计算机检索“B-Twin expandable cage,lumbar interbody space fusion,lumbar disc degenerative disease,minimal invasive spinal fusion”;中文期刊检索词“B-Twin、腰椎融合术”。检索工具:Pubmed,google,CNKI中文期刊网。同时有部分国外会议资料。结果:腰椎间盘退行性疾病是临床上引起腰腿痛及功能障碍的一类疾病,目前常用的治疗方法包括保守治疗、微创手术以及外科手术治疗。传统的腰椎融合术多为开放性手术,创伤大,恢复时间长,近年来,可膨胀的B-Twin融合器的应用使经皮腰椎融合术成为可能,并且具有创伤小、恢复快、操作简便、安全性高的特点。结论:可膨胀的B-Twin融合器的应用,使得经皮腰椎融合术成为可能,具有广阔的前景。     

The von willebrand factor domain-mediating botrocetin-induced binding to glycoprotein IB lies between Val449 and Lys728

Botrocetin, a component of Bothrops jararaca venom, induces von Willebrand factor (vWF)-dependent platelet agglutination and has been proposed as an alternative agent to ristocetin for evaluating vWF function. However, important differences between the vWF-platelet interactions induced by these two agents have suggested that different regions of vWF and the platelet may be involved in the interactions induced by the two agonists. We have recently demonstrated that binding of vWF to the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib receptor, either induced by ristocetin or as occurs spontaneously with asialo-vWF or vWF from IIb von Willebrand disease, is mediated by a domain residing on a 52/48- kilodalton (kD) tryptic fragment of vWF. This fragment extends from amino acid residue Val (449) to Lys (728). We have now found that this 52/48-kD fragment blocks botrocetin-induced binding of vWF to platelets and completely inhibits botrocetin-induced platelet agglutination. These results provide evidence that the vWF domain-mediating, botrocetin-induced platelet agglutination lies within the region delimited by this fragment and is therefore close to or identical with that which mediates ristocetin-induced binding and spontaneous binding of vWF to platelet GPIb. Anti-GPIb monoclonal antibodies also blocked agglutination, which showed that botrocetin, like ristocetin, induces binding of vWF to the GPIb receptor.     

Sinus and nasal manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The AIDS epidemic has made previously uncommon infectious diseases and tumors commonplace in HIV-infected individuals. In this article we discuss specific cases of various infections and tumors of the sinonasal tract. Several of these diseases may be the presenting signs of HIV-seropositivity and AIDS. As a result, the clinician first to see such patients must be aware of the diagnosis of these diseases and tumors so that proper testing and treatment may ensue.