Age-Related Variations of Muscle Mass,Strength, and Physical Performance in Community-Dwellers: Results From the Milan EXPO Survey

Objectives

Declining muscle mass and function are hallmarks of the aging process. The preservation of muscle trophism may protect against various negative health outcomes. Age- and sex-specific curves of muscle mass, strength, and function, using data from a large sample of community-dwelling people, are necessary.

Contemporary outcomes of cardiac surgery patients supported by the intra-aortic balloon pump

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESAlthough the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been the most widely adopted temporary mechanical support device in cardiac surgical patients, its use has declined. The current study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and predictors of early mortality and complication rates in contemporary cardiac surgery patients supported by an IABP.METHODSA multicentre, retrospective analysis was performed of all consecutive cardiac surgical patients receiving perioperative balloon pump support in 8 centres between January 2010 to December 2019. The primary outcome was early mortality, and secondary outcomes were balloon-associated complications. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was applied to evaluate predictors of the primary outcome.RESULTSThe study cohort consisted of 2615 consecutive patients. The median age was 68 years [25th percentile 61, 75th percentile 75 years], with the majority being male (76.9%), and a mean calculated 30-day mortality risk of 10.0%. Early mortality was 12.7% (n = 333), due to cardiac causes (n = 266), neurological causes (=22), balloon-related causes (n = 5) and other causes (n = 40). A composite end point of all vascular complications occurred in 7.2% of patients, and leg ischaemia was observed in 1.3% of patients. The most important predictors of early mortality were peripheral vascular disease [odds ratio (OR) 1.63], postoperative dialysis requirement (OR 10.40) and vascular complications (OR 2.57).CONCLUSIONSThe use of the perioperative IABP proved to be safe and demonstrated relatively low complication rates, particularly for leg ischaemia. As such, we believe that specialists should not be held back to use this widely available treatment in high-risk cardiac surgical patients when indicated.     

COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: A single-center prospective case series with a 1-year follow-up

Single reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been reported worldwide during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. While case reports are likely to be biased toward uncommon clinical presentations, systematic assessment of prospective series can highlight the true clinical features and spectrum. In this prospective, observational study, we included all consecutive patients who developed GBS. In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection as antecedent, the time-gap between the infection and GBS onset had to be ≤30 days. The referral was a neurological University Research Hospital, in the Italian Region more severely involved by the pandemic, and hospitalizing both COVID+ and non-COVID neurological diseases. Clinical, laboratory, cerebrospinal fluid, and electromyographic features of GBS diagnosed between March 2020 and March 2021 were compared to a retrospective series of GBS diagnosed between February 2019 and February 2020 (control population). Nasopharyngeal swab was still positive at GBS onset in 50% of patients. Mild-to-moderate COVID-related pneumonia, as assessed by X-ray (6 patients) or X-ray plus computerized tomography (2 patients) co-occurred in 6 of 10 patients. GBS diagnosed during the pandemic period, including 10 COVID-GBS and 10 non–COVID-GBS, had higher disability on admission (P = .032) compared to the GBS diagnosed between February 2019 and 2020, possibly related to later hospital referral in the pandemic context. Compared to non–COVID-GBS (n = 10) prospectively diagnosed in the same period (March 2020–2021), post–COVID-GBS (n = 10) had a higher disability score on admission (P = .028), lower sum Medical Research Council score (P = .022) and lymphopenia (P = .025), while there were no differences in GBS subtype/variant, severity of peripheral involvement, prognosis and response to treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid search for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antiganglioside antibodies were negative in all COVID+ patients. Temporal clustering of cases, coinciding with the waves of the pandemic, and concomitant reduction of the incidence of COVID-negative GBSs may indicate a role for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the development of GBS, although the association may simply be related to a bystander effect of systemic inflammation; lack of prevalence of specific GBS subtypes in post–COVID-GBS also support this view. GBS features and prognosis are not substantially different compared to non–COVID-GBS.     

Validity and reliability of the SPORTS score

Purpose  

Successful outcomes for an athlete usually consist of returning to their sport. The Subjective Patient Outcome for Return to Sports (SPORTS) score has been recently proposed as an easy to use score for evaluating an athlete’s ability to return to their sport. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the SPORTS score in athletes 5–10 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.     

Percutaneous Cryoablation and Vertebroplasty: A Case Report

A 70-year-old man with a painful vertebral metastasis was treated with combined percutaneous cryoablation and vertebroplasty therapy (CVT) in one session. The patient was suffering from diffuse visceral metastasized cholangiocarcinoma. After several weeks of back pain, magnetic resonance imaging documented a single L2 bone metastasis. In consultation with the oncologists, palliative combined CVT was administered with the aim of obtaining pain relief and bone stabilization. In our experience this combined treatment is safe and effective for immediate pain relief in painful bone metastases when other standard palliative treatments have failed.     

Right liver graft without middle hepatic vein reconstruction from a living donor

A case of adult-to-adult, living-donor liver transplantation using a right liver graft is described. In the donor operation, when the middle hepatic vein (MHV) was clamped after hepatic transection, reversed flow was detected in MHV tributaries by intraoperative color Doppler ultrasonography. Regurgitated flow in the clamped inferior right hepatic vein was also demonstrated. Portal flow remained hepatopetal during the procedure. Based on these ultrasonographic findings, neither the MHV tributaries nor the inferior right hepatic vein was reconstructed.     

Cervical disc herniation and cervical spondylosis surgically treated by Cloward procedure: a 10-year-minimum follow-up study

Background  

Cervical degenerative pathology produces pain and disability, and if conservative treatment fails, surgery is indicated. The aim of this study was to determined whether anterior decompression and interbody fusion according to Cloward is effective for treating segmental cervical degenerative pathology and whether the results are durable after a 10-year-minimum follow-up.     

Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ethmoidal planum: anatomic study

The endoscopic endonasal technique is currently used by otolaryngologists for the management of different extradural lesions located below the ethmoidal planum. The cooperation between ENTs and neurosurgeons has recently pushed the use of such approach also in the removal of some intradural lesions, which has promoted the interest for an anatomic study to identify the anatomical landmarks and the dangerous points during the endoscopic approach to this area. In six fresh cadaver heads, unilateral and bilateral measurements between the main landmarks of the approach were performed by means of an endoscopic endonasal approach. A wide exposure of the midline anterior skull base was realized. The maximum of lateral extension was obtained between the two medial orbital walls, at the middle of the cribriform plate (mean distance 25,33 mm), while the mean distance between the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries at the level of the lamina papyracea was 16 mm. The endoscopic endonasal route can be considered a minimally invasive technique to approach the ethmoidal planum. It requires adequate anatomical knowledge and endoscopic skill for its realization. Due to the wide window realizable through this corridor, it could be considered in selected cases for the removal of intradural lesions such as meningiomas or estesioneuroblastomas.