Yoga and pilates: Associations with body image and disordered‐eating behaviors in a population‐based sample of young adults

Objective

To examine associations between participating in mind‐body activities (yoga/Pilates) and body dissatisfaction and disordered eating (unhealthy and extreme weight control practices and binge eating) in a population‐based sample of young adults.

Method

The sample included 1,030 young men and 1,257 young women (mean age: 25.3 years, SD = 1.7) who participated in Project EAT‐III (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults).

Results

Among women, disordered eating was prevalent in yoga/Pilates participants and nonparticipants, with no differences between the groups. Men participating in yoga/Pilates were more likely to use extreme weight control behaviors (18.6% vs. 6.8%, p = .006) and binge eating (11.6% vs. 4.2%, p = .023), and marginally more likely to use unhealthy weight control behaviors (49.1% vs. 34.5%; p = .053), than nonparticipants after adjusting for sociodemographics, weight status, and overall physical activity.

Discussion

Findings suggest the importance of helping yoga/Pilates instructors recognize that their students may be at risk for disordered eating. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010     

An Electrophysiological Study of Cognitive and Emotion Processing in Type I Chiari Malformation

Type I Chiari malformation (CMI) is a neurological condition in which the cerebellar tonsils descend into the cervical spinal subarachnoid space resulting in cervico-medullary compression. Early case-control investigations have indicated cognitive deficits in the areas of attention, memory, processing speed, and visuospatial function. The present study further examined cognitive and emotional processing deficits associated with CMI using a dual-task paradigm. Nineteen CMI patients were recruited during pre-surgical consultation and 19 matched control participants identified emotional expressions in separate single and asynchronous dual-task designs. To extend earlier behavioral studies of cognitive effects in CMI, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in the dual-task design. Though response times were slower for CMI patients across the two tasks, behavioral and ERP analyses indicated that patients did not differ from matched controls in the ability to allocate attentional resources between the two tasks. P1 ERP component analyses provided no indication of an emotional arousal deficit in our CMI sample while P3 ERP component analyses suggested a CMI-related deficit in emotional regulation. P3 analysis also yielded evidence for a frontalization of neurophysiological activity in CMI patients. Pain and related depression and anxiety factors accounted for CMI deficits in single-task, but not dual-task, response times. Results are consistent with a dysfunctional fronto-parietal attentional network resulting from either the indirect effects of chronic pain or the direct effects of CMI pathophysiology stemming from cervico-medullary compression.     

Genome-wide linkage scan in a large bipolar disorder sample from the National Institute of Mental Health genetics initiative suggests putative loci for bipolar disorder, psychosis, suicide, and panic disorder

We conducted a 9-cM genome scan in a large bipolar pedigree sample from the National Institute of Mental Health genetics initiative (1060 individuals from 154 multiplex families). We performed parametric and nonparametric analyses using both standard diagnostic models and comorbid conditions thought to identify phenotypic subtypes: psychosis, suicidal behavior, and panic disorder. Our strongest linkage signals (genome-wide significance) were observed on chromosomes 10q25, 10p12, 16q24, 16p13, and 16p12 using standard diagnostic models, and on 6q25 (suicidal behavior), 7q21 (panic disorder) and 16p12 (psychosis) using phenotypic subtypes. Several other regions were suggestive of linkage, including 1p13 (psychosis), 1p21 (psychosis), 1q44, 2q24 (suicidal behavior), 2p25 (psychosis), 4p16 (psychosis, suicidal behavior), 5p15, 6p25 (psychosis), 8p22 (psychosis), 8q24, 10q21, 10q25 (suicidal behavior), 10p11 (psychosis), 13q32 and 19p13 (psychosis). Over half the implicated regions were identified using phenotypic subtypes. Several regions - 1p, 1q, 6q, 8p, 13q and 16p - have been previously reported to be linked to bipolar disorder. Our results suggest that dissection of the disease phenotype can enrich the harvest of linkage signals and expedite the search for susceptibility genes. This is the first large-scale linkage scan of bipolar disorder to analyze simultaneously bipolar disorder, psychosis, suicidal behavior, and panic disorder.     

Coronal dorsal hamate fractures

Four patients with a rare injury, coronal fracture of the dorsal hamate with associated dorsal subluxations of the ring and small metacarpal bases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with the use of cortical mini-lag screws and Kirschner wires. Average follow-up was 12 months (range, 6 to 19 months). Subjective patient assessment and objective strength, range of motion measurements, and radiographs demonstrated excellent overall results. Open reduction and internal fixation is recommended for the treatment of this unusual fracture-subluxation.     

Bite wounds to the upper extremity

The complications secondary to mismanaged or neglected bite wounds to the upper extremity can be devastating to upper extremity functioning. An organized approach to treatment can prevent infection and permanent disability.     

Penetration and enrichment of flufenamic acid in calf skin from patients with stasis dermatitis

To investigate the hypothesis that the application of medicaments to skin from the lower leg of patients with stasis dermatitis might lead to their enhanced enrichment, compared with uninvolved skin from the same region, a penetration study was performed with flufenamic acid. In 5 patients with pronounced changes of chronic venous insufficiency and in 5 control patients without chronic venous insufficiency the flufenamic acid content in skin sections parallel to the surface was determined by HPLC. In chronic venous insufficiency-skin, the flufenamic acid concentration was higher in all skin levels compared to control skin. This enrichment of the substance could lead to a prolonged and more intense contact with antigen-presenting cells in this region, thus promoting the development of contact allergies observed so frequently in this pathologic condition.     

Determination of wall shear stress in the aorta with the use of MR phase velocity mapping

MR phase velocity mapping was used to calculate wall shear stress (WSS) in the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta, two sites with very different proclivities for development of atherosclerosis. For the eight subjects studied, the average value of the mean (tune averaged over the cardiac cycle) WSS in the suprarenal aorta was 10.4 dynes/cm² at the posterior wall and 8.6 at the anterior wall. In the infrarenal aorta, WSS values were 4.7 at the posterior wall and 6.1 at the anterior wall. Peak WSS over the cardiac cycle was 48 and 54 at the anterior and posterior walls of the suprarenal aorta, respectively, and 33 and 30 at the anterior and posterior walls of the infrarenal aorta, respectively. Wide variation was found in both mean and peak WSS values among subjects. However, for 28 of 32 locations examined, mean and peak WSS were ingher in the suprarenal aorta than in the infrarenal aorta. Because atherosclerosis is more likely to form in the infrarenal aorta than in the suprarenal aorta, tins study supports the hypothesis that low WSS is a localizing factor for atherosclerosis, and ingh WSS may act as a deterrent against formation of atherosclerosis.     

Protein profiles in rabbit pancreatic juice analyzed by HPLC after stimulation of secretion by secretin and cerulein

This study analyzed the secretory pattern of pancreatic proteins released from the rabbit pancreas after acute stimulation of secretion by the cholecystokinin analog cerulein. To facilitate this, a new analytical approach utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was considered. Secretin (0.1 CU/kg x h) was intravenously infused in anaesthetized rabbits in combination with cerulein (0.05, 0.2 or 0.05 followed by 0.2 ug/kg x h) over 3 hours. Pancreatic juice was collected from the main pancreatic duct. The release of protein, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin was measured by conventional photometric methods, and the protein profiles were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC. Separation of pancreatic juice proteins by HPLC (Nucleosil 300-7 RP column; injection of 50 ul aliquots of samples normalized to 10 mg/ml protein concentration) resulted in a resolution of up to 16 peaks. Peaks representing amylase, prolipase, prophospholipase A2, procarboxypeptidases, chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, and glycoproteins were identified with some certainty by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Secretin infusion produced a small and short lasting rise in total protein secretion but lead to a persistent increase of fluid flow. The release of enzymes followed a mainly parallel pattern according to the photometric measurements. The resolution of the whole profile of pancreatic juice proteins by HPLC demonstrated only minor variations without a consistent or increasing tendency towards a preferential release of individual enzymes. Since even microheterogenities in the samples became apparent after HPLC, this approach would be sensitive enough to mirror effects like nonparallel release of enzymes.