糖尿病前期证型分类的文献研究及系统评价

目的:对糖尿病前期中医证型分布规律及特点进行文献研究和系统评价。方法:计算机检索至2013年有关糖尿病前期中医证型研究文献,采用频数分布、层次聚类的方法整理糖尿病前期中医证型的文献。结果:共有14篇文献符合纳入标准,合并为24个证,统计分析表明气虚证、阴虚证、血瘀证、湿热困脾证较多。结论:经研究糖尿病前期主要证型为气虚证、阴虚证、血瘀证、湿热困脾证,脾虚湿湿证的相关指标较异常。     

神经梅毒患者血清及脑脊液免疫学指标诊断特征分析

目的探讨神经梅毒患者血清及脑脊液免疫学诊断特点。 方法选取2013年6月至2016年7月首都医科大学附属宣武医院收治的35例神经梅毒患者,其中32例患者行血清与脑脊液免疫学指标检测,回顾性分析35例患者的检查结果,应用Fisher精确检验比较血清组与脑脊液组IgA、IgM的差异,应用卡方检验比较血清组与脑脊液组IgG的差异,并对脑脊液寡克隆条带阳性检出率和脑脊液24 h IgG合成率进行分析。 结果32例神经梅毒患者检测血清免疫球蛋白,有53.13%(17/32)的患者IgG升高,6.25%(2/32)的患者IgA升高,0%(0/32)的患者IgM升高;脑脊液中,有84.38%(27/32)的患者IgG升高,100.00%(32/32)的患者IgA升高,90.63%(29/32)的患者IgM升高;血清与脑脊液IgA、IgM升高率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),IgG升高率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝7.27,P>0.05)。25例神经梅毒患者行CSF寡克隆电泳,IgG寡克隆条带阳性率为100.00%(25/25),96.00%(24/25)患者脑脊液24 h IgG合成率升高。 结论神经梅毒临床表现多样,是易误诊的可治性疾病。血清及脑脊液IgG多表现为升高,脑脊液IgA、IgM多表现为升高而血清IgA、IgM多表现为正常,脑脊液寡克隆条带阳性,脑脊液24 h IgG合成率升高等免疫学特点对神经梅毒诊断有意义。     

The effect of knee position on blood loss and range of motion following total knee arthroplasty

Purpose  

This study prospectively assessed the effects of knee position on blood loss and range of motion after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).     

Mechanism of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during apoptosis under Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy

Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PF-PDT) can induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondria/caspase-3 pathway. Here, we further investigate the mechanism involved in the mitochondrial apoptotic process induced by PF-PDT. A high-level intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mitochondria, mitochondrial swelling, and dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential were observed immediately after irradiation, indicating that mitochondria were the major ROS generation sites and also the first oxidative damage sites after PF-PDT treatment. For mitochondrial permeability detection, the decrease of calcein fluorescence emission intensity and release of cytochrome c were observed immediately after PF-PDT treatment, indicating the occurrence of mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilization (MIMP) and the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). However, cytochrome c release was not prevented by cyclosporine (CsA), a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Taken together, these results demonstrated that PF-PDT caused simultaneous onset of MIMP and MOMP immediately after the treatment, and MOMP was independent of the MPT. Besides, inducible mitochondrial ROS generation played key roles in PF-PDT-induced cell apoptosis. This study will be benefit for understanding the mechanism involved in the initial mitochondrial oxidative damage by PF-PDT.     

北京市“120"救治0～25岁人群交通伤特点分析

目的 了解北京市“120”救治的0～25岁青少年及儿童2004-2009年道路交通事故( RTA)伤情特点,为制订预防和控制交通伤害的有效措施提供科学依据. 方法 收集北京市“120”急救中心2004-2009年转运救治的0～25岁青少年及儿童道路交通事故患者性别、年龄、事故发生时间、受伤部位、受伤成员和死亡患者等进行回顾性分析. 结果 (1)2004-2009年交通伤患者共17 232例,院前死亡259例.其中0～ 25岁青少年及儿童道路交通伤4 229例(24.5％),年龄(20.13±4.43)岁.随着年龄的增加,患者数量呈现明显上升趋势,其中20岁的患者数量明显多于其他年龄组.(2)患者中男2 252例,女1 677例,男女比例约为1∶5∶1(P＜0.05).(3)随着时间的发展,各年的受伤患者数量呈下降趋势.1年当中5,9,10月份事故高发;1周中周五到周日发生率较高,周二较低(P＞0.05).1天当中,以20:00～23:00事故最多,3:00 ～6:00事故数量最少(P＜0.05).(4)受伤部位以四肢关节伤多见(53.4％),其次为头颈部外伤(35％),受伤者多为行人(49.1％).(5)死亡38例,其中男28例,女10例,年龄( 19.29±5.30)岁.33例(87％)死亡由颅脑损伤所致,主要发生在7,8月份. 结论 青少年及儿童交通事故伤的情况不容忽视,进一步加强交通安全教育,适当增强交通高峰时段的执法力度,提高院前急救的配合,可能对减少青少年及儿童伤害起到积极的作用.     

“7.23"温州动车事故伤员伤情特点及救治分析

目的 总结并分析“7.23”温州动车事故伤员伤情特点,探索救治经验. 方法 以“7.23”温州动车事故生存和死亡伤员共177例为研究对象,分析伤员的年龄、性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、损伤严重程度等信息,并输入由第三军医大学中华创伤数据库中心研制的创伤数据库系统V3.0进行评分和分析. 结果 事故后24 h内共收治伤员137例,男76例,女61例,性别差异无统计学意义;其中生存136例,救治无效死亡1例;撞击伤、挤压伤及重物坠落砸伤是主要的致伤原因;生存伤员中,多发伤108例(79.4％);所有生存多发伤伤员中,以胸部、头部和四肢分列为第一、第二和第三位常见受伤部位;TI分值最小5分,最大27分.TI分值≤9分4例(3.7％),10 ～ 16分86例(79.6％),≥17分18例(16.7％).ISS＜ 16分的伤员78例(72.2％),ISS≥16分的伤员30例(27.8％),其中ISS分值最小3分,最大75分.共死亡40例(包括入院后救治无效死亡1例),死亡伤员均为多发伤,颅脑损伤为第1位死亡原因. 结论 本次动车追尾事故伤因复杂,多发伤发生率高;损伤程度不一,但总体情况较轻;常见损伤部位分布在生存伤员和死亡伤员中存在显著差异;应根据这些伤情特点采取有针对性的现场检伤分类、逐级转运、专科救治.     

封闭式负压引流联合反植皮一期闭合开放性创伤截肢创面的临床分析

目的对比观察封闭式负压引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)联合反取皮和直接反取皮治疗开放性创伤截肢创面的疗效。方法 2005年3月-2010年6月,应用随机单盲法对收治的60例四肢开放性骨折截肢患者分别采用一期VSD联合反取中厚皮片植皮(试验组,30例)与一期单纯反取中厚皮片植皮覆盖截肢创面(对照组,30例)治疗。两组患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、截肢部位、皮肤缺损面积、术前白蛋白指数及受伤至就诊时间等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组截肢后剪除多余残肢皮肤应用皮鼓取皮制成中厚交错筛网状皮片,植于截肢创面,表面用VSD覆盖,24 h不间断吸引持续7～10 d;对照组截肢后直接行反取中厚皮片覆盖创面,术后常规换药。结果试验组患者于术后平均8 d去除VSD装置。试验组皮片存活率(90.0%)、创面感染率(3.3%)及再截肢率(0)、换药次数[(2.0±0.5)次]、住院时间[(12.0±2.6)d],均显著优于对照组[分别为63.3%、20.0%、13.3%、(8.0±1.5)次、(18.0±3.2)d],比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均获随访,随访时间1～3年,平均2年。末次随访时,试验组瘢痕面积、瘢痕分级及创面两点辨别觉均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者残肢均未见明显肿胀;术后试验组患肢疼痛发生率、残肢长度均优于对照组(P<0.05),而患肢残端形状比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组残肢与健侧相比较,均存在肌肉废用性萎缩、肌力下降,各组健侧与患侧肌力比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组患侧间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与单纯反取中厚皮片比较,VSD联合反取中厚皮片能够一期关闭截肢创面并对创面进行引流,降低感染发生,促进皮片与创面良好贴附,提高了皮片存活率,降低了截肢平面,利于假肢佩戴,是一期处理截肢创面的理想方法之一。     

The comparison of the effect of corticosteroids and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of plantar fasciitis

Introduction

In this study, the results of local injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and corticosteroids in the treatment of plantar fasciitis were compared.

Patients and methods

Sixty patients who were diagnosed as plantar fasciitis and treated conservatively for at least 3?months and had no response to conservative treatment modalities were involved in this study. The first 30 consecutive patients were treated by local injection of 2?mL of 40?mg Methylprednisolone with 2?mL of 2% prilocaine (metilprednizalone) and the second 30 patients were treated by injecting 3?mL PRP after 2?mL of 2% prilocaine injection. Patients were evaluated according to the modified criteria of the Roles and Maudsley scores and visual analog scale before injection and 3?weeks and 6?months following injection.

Results

The mean VAS heel pain scores measured 6?months after treatment were 3.4 in steroid group and 3.93 in PRP group, and the scores in both groups were significantly lower when compared with pretreatment levels (6.2 in steroid group and 7.33 in PRP group). There was no significant difference between steroid and PRP groups in visual analog scale scores and modified criteria of the Roles and Maudsley scores measured at 3?weeks and 6?months (P?>?0.05).

Conclusion

Our results revealed that both methods were effective and successful in treating plantar fasciitis. When the potential complication of corticosteroid treatment was taken into consideration, PRP injection seems to be safer and at least having same effectivity in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.     

Management of HSV-1 encephalitis due to reactivation of HSV-1 during late pregnancy

A previously healthy 31-year-old G4P2 woman at 33 weeks of gestation was admitted as an emergency with a pyrexia of 39°C, vomiting, headache and neck stiffness associated with photophobia, phonophobia and visual and auditory symptoms. There were no heraldic signs of eclampsia. Polymerase chain reaction and testing for herpes simplex virus in the cerebrospinal fluid diagnosed herpes simplex-1 meningoencephalitis. Following acyclovir, the clinical course improved. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred at 39 weeks of gestation with epidural analgesia using ropivacaine. Mother and child were neurologically normal and healthy 15 months later. Early administration of acyclovir is essential to reduce the risk of neurological complications. After treatment and a negative polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus in the cerebrospinal fluid, epidural analgesia with local anesthetic and sufentanil is possible.     

腹腔镜治疗小儿消化系统肿瘤的探讨

目的:研究腹腔镜手术治疗小儿消化系统肿瘤的价值.方法:对2008年6月～2012年6月来我科治疗的19名消化系统肿瘤的患几经实验室检查和影像学检查后,运用腹腔镜手术采集组织病理学标本送检.结果:19例均成功用腹腔镜手术采集组织病理学标本并作出组织病理学诊断.除4例采取保守治疗外,其余接受剖腹手术治疗,术后1 3例治愈,2例死亡.结论:腹腔镜手术在治疗小儿消化系统肿瘤,判断其手术可能性和预后转归有着重要价值.